步骤 1. 安装Electron

npm i -D electron@latest

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步骤 2. 克隆示例项目的仓库，快速启动自己的第一个桌面应用

# 克隆示例项目的仓库
$ git clone https://github.com/electron/electron-quick-start

# 进入这个仓库
$ cd electron-quick-start

# 安装依赖并运行
$ npm install && npm start

到这一步，已经成功跑起一个Electron项目了

步骤 3. 安装webpack用来打包前端文件

npm i --save-dev webpack webpack-cli webpack-dev-server html-webpack-plugin

在开发模式下，我们需要使用webpack-dev-server，使用html-webpack-plugin进行build文件自动注入index.html中

步骤 4. 配置webpack，在根目录下创建webpack.config.js

const webpack = require('webpack');
const htmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
  entry: [
    './app/index.jsx'
  ],
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'uiDist'),
    filename: 'bundle.js'
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.jsx?$/,
        loaders: ['babel-loader'],
        exclude: /(node_modules)/
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new htmlWebpackPlugin({
      title: 'Electron DEMO',
      template: './index.html'
    })
  ]
}

上面使用了babel将es6转换为es5支持，所以下面我们要按照babel和react相关的依赖，我们把所有前端文件放在app文件下（自己创建的一个文件夹），把最终打包的代码放在uiDist文件夹中

步骤 5. 安装react 和 react-dom 和babel依赖

npm i --save react-dom react
npm i --save-dev @babel/core @babel/preset-env @babel/preset-react babel-loader

这里还需要在webpack.config.js所在文件夹下，创建.babelrc

{
  "presets": ["@babel/env", "@babel/react"]
}

在app文件下添加index.jsx

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';

class App extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        Hello world
      </div>
    )
  }
}

ReactDOM.render(<App/>, document.getElementById('root'));

修改根目录下的index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="root"></div>
  </body>
</html>

现在执行webpack -p --config ./webpack.config.js就可以对前端文件进行打包，运行webpack-dev-server --devtool eval --progress --colors --content-base build 就可以启动一个可以访问的server。下面我们把运行webpack的命令写入package.json的scripts来调用:

  "scripts": {
    "start": "electron .", 
    "build": "webpack -p --config ./webpack.config.js",
    "devWeb": "webpack-dev-server --devtool eval --progress --colors --content-base build"
  },

现在我们就可以直接运行npm run devWeb来跑起一个web server用来开发调试，运行npm run build来打包前端文件。

在这一步，我们发现运行npm run start 打开electron, 并没有得到我们预想的结果。那是因为我们需要对electron的main.js 的mainWindow.loadFile加载的文件做一个修改。

步骤 6. 修改根目录下的main.js文件下的mainWindow.loadFile路径

// Modules to control application life and create native browser window
const {app, BrowserWindow} = require('electron')
const path = require('path')
// 根据NODE_ENV来判断是否为开发模式
const isDev = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'dev';
// Keep a global reference of the window object, if you don't, the window will
// be closed automatically when the JavaScript object is garbage collected.
let mainWindow

function createWindow () {
  // Create the browser window.
  mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
    width: 800,
    height: 600,
    webPreferences: {
      javascript: true,
      plugins: true,
      nodeIntegration: false,
      webSecurity: false,
      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'renderer.js')   // 自动注入render.js Electron的API使用文件
    }
  })

  // and load the index.html of the app.
  if (isDev) {
    // 开发模式访问开发地址
    mainWindow.loadURL('http://localhost:8080')
  } else {
    // 生产模式访问打包后的文件
    mainWindow.loadFile('./uiDist/index.html')
  }

  // Open the DevTools.
  // 开发模式才开启调试工具
  isDev && mainWindow.webContents.openDevTools()

  // Emitted when the window is closed.
  mainWindow.on('closed', function () {
    // Dereference the window object, usually you would store windows
    // in an array if your app supports multi windows, this is the time
    // when you should delete the corresponding element.
    mainWindow = null
  })
}

// This method will be called when Electron has finished
// initialization and is ready to create browser windows.
// Some APIs can only be used after this event occurs.
app.on('ready', createWindow)

// Quit when all windows are closed.
app.on('window-all-closed', function () {
  // On macOS it is common for applications and their menu bar
  // to stay active until the user quits explicitly with Cmd + Q
  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
})

app.on('activate', function () {
  // On macOS it's common to re-create a window in the app when the
  // dock icon is clicked and there are no other windows open.
  if (mainWindow === null) createWindow()
})

// In this file you can include the rest of your app's specific main process
// code. You can also put them in separate files and require them here.

现在我们再给package.json的sciprts中，添加一个启动开发模式的electron命令:

"devElectron": "NODE_ENV=dev electron .",

现在开发模式我们只要npm run devElectron和npm run devWeb进行愉快的开发了。

最后一步，打包成桌面运用

这里以打包mac的app为例子

electron打包我们使用electron-builder，首先安装

npm i --save-dev electron-builder

然后再package.json添加build字段配置, 同时再scripts中添加打包命令

  "scripts": {
    "start": "electron .",
    "devElectron": "NODE_ENV=dev electron .",
    "build": "webpack -p --config ./webpack.config.js",
    "devWeb": "webpack-dev-server --devtool eval --progress --colors --content-base build",
    "build_app": "electron-builder --mac --x64"
  },
  "build": {
    "productName": "我的桌面应用",
    "appId": "com.xxx.app",
    "mac": {
      "target": [
        "dmg",
        "zip"
      ]
    }
  }

现在我们执行npm run build_app命令，就生成了我们的第一个桌面应用。

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