Talking about verbs 2
When we talk about the experience or results, we use the present perfect form.
This form uses " have " followed by the participle(分词）.
For regular verbs, this participle is identical to the past tense form.
For irregular verbs, this participle is often different.
When we use the perfect form(完成式), the primary focus(主要焦点) is on the subject(主语) of the sentence, not the verb.
（S-subject-主语；V-Verb-谓语动词；O-object-宾语；IO-indirect-间接宾语；C-Complment-表语/补语；A-Adverbial-状语)
It emphasizes condition, experience or results rather than actions or events.
In these two examples, we see the contrast.
The top sentence gives the condition or the state of the subject, the bottom sentence expresses the event.
The top sentence describes the condition of the subject of the sentence, SHE, rather than an event.
The fact that she has left the hotel is now part of her experience, or state of being.
The bottom sentence expresses the action or event, " she left " which is something she did.
In general, the past tense form expresses events or acts, and the perfect form expresses experience or conditions.
When we use the perfect form of the verb, we focus on the state of the subject and not an action or event.
When we use the perfect form, the primary focus in on the subject of the sentence, not the verb. It emphasizes condition, experience of results rather than action or events.
Which sentence expresses an event rather than a state or process? She ate a large lunch.
He enjoyed his studies and graduated a few month ago. Now that he has graduated, he's ready to get a job.
Note that the past form(过去式) expresses events at specific points or periods of time, such as last year or the past five years.
These events are distanced from the speaker's point of view.
The perfect form expresses the state of something from the speaker's point of view, not distanced in time.
These two sentences are incorrect and confusing because they give two different points of view.
Which sentence is strange?
Here are some sentences that use the perfect form.
Some are simple, such as the first one, and some are complex, like the last one.
The last one is complex because it combines many verb forms, including the passive.
He took his computer with him...because he wants to work at home.
The fire might have been started by someone.
He has practiced hard, so he should do well in the competition.
He may take his computer with him, but he still hasn't decided.
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