名词从句(主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句)：从句可看作名词，若取出从句则句子缺少成分。没有先行词；引导词(that/whether等)在从句中不作成分。
定语从句：从句可看作形容词，若取出从句，句子仍完整。有先行词；关系词(that/which等)必定充当该定语从句的成分，去掉关系词则从句缺少成分。
that引导的同位语从句、定语从句的区别：同位语从句、定语从句都可以修饰一个名词。“名词 + that + 完整的句子”是同位语从句，“名词 + that + 不完整的句子”是定语从句。
辨析一个句子是名词从句或定语从句，看连接词的前一个词。
连接词前是：
(1)名词，是定语从句/同位语从句。如果有that，看that后面接的是否为完整的句子。
(2)动词，是宾语从句，可以省略连接词that
(3)be动词，是表语从句
(4)It is ~ that结构 / That从句在句首，是主语从句
《英语语法新思维中级教程——通悟语法》第59页练习题如下：
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Real love lies in ______1(what/which/that) is done and known, but in ______2(what/which/that) is done but not known
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Red roses were her favorites; her name was also Rose. And every year her husband sent them, tied with pretty bows. The year he died, the roses were delivered to her door. The card said, "Be my Valentine," like all the years before.
Each year he sent her roses, and the note would always say, "I love you even more this year than last year on this day." "My love for you will always grow with every passing year." She knew ______3(what/which/that) this was the last time that the roses would appear.
She thought ______4(what/which/*) he ordered roses in advance before this day. Her loving husband did not know ______5(what/which/that) he would pass away. He always liked to do things early before the time. Then, if he got too busy, everything would work out fine.
She trimmed the stems and placed them in a very special vase and then put the vase beside the portrait of his smiling face. She would sit for hours in her husband's favorite chair, while staring at his picture and the roses sitting there.
A year went by, and it was har to live without her mate. With loneliness and solitude ______6(what/which/that) had become her fate. Then the very hour as on Valentines before, the doorbell rang, and there were roses, sitting by her door.
She brought the roses in, and then just looked at them in shock. Then went to get the telephone call the florist shop. The owner answered and she asked him if he would explain ______7(what/which/that/why) someone would do this to her, causing her such pain.
"I know ______8(what/which/*) your husband passed away more than a year ago", The owner said, "I knew you'd call, and you would want to know." "The flowers ______9(what/which/that) you received today were paid for in advance." "Your husband always planned ahead, he left nothing to chance."
"There is a standing order ______10(what/which/that) I have on file down here. And he has paid well in advance, you'll get them every year. There also is another thing ______11(what/which/that) I think you should know, he wrote a special little card...he didi this years ago."
"Then should ever I find out ______12(what/which/that) he's no longer here, it's the card ______13(what/which/that) should be sent to you the following year." She thanked him and hung up the phone, her tears now flowing hard. Her fingers were shaking, as she slowly reached to get the card.
Inside the card, she saw ______14(what/which/that) he had written her a note. Then as she stared in total silence, this is ______15(what/which/that) he wrote...
"Hello my love, I know it's been a year since I've been gone,
I hope it hasn't been too hard for you to overcome."
"I know it must be lonely, and the pain is very real.
For if it was the other way I know ______16(what/which/that/how) I would feel.
The love ______17(what/which/that) we shared made everything so beautiful in life.
I loved you more than words can say, you were the perfect wife."
"You were my friend and lover, you fulfilled my every need.
I know it's only been a year, but please sty not to grieve.
I want you to be happy, even when you shed your tears.
That is ______18(what/which/that/why) the rose will be sent to you for years."
"When you get these roses, think of all the happiness,
______19(what/which/that) we had together, and how both of us were blessed,
I have always loved you and I know I always will.
But, my love, you must go ,on, you have some living still."
"Please...try to find happiness, while living out our days.
I know it is not easy, but I hope ______20(what/which/that) you find some ways.
The roses will come every year, and they will only stop,
When your door's not answered, when the florist stops knocking."
"He will come five time that day, in case you have gone out.
But after his last visit, he will know without a doubt,
To take the roses to the place where I've instructed him,
And place the roses where we are together once again."
答案：
1 what
2 what
3 that
4 *
5 that
6 that/which
7 why
8 *
9 that/which
10 that/which
11 that/which
12 that
13 that
14 that
15 what
16 how
17 that/which
18 why
19 that/which
20 that
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