Ubuntu16.04配置安装caffe

电脑配置
系统：Ubuntu16.04
GPU：NVIDIA GTX1080

安装依赖

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake git pkg-config
sudo apt-get install -y libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler
sudo apt-get install -y libatlas-base-dev libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev
# (Python general)
sudo apt-get install -y python-pip
# (Python 2.7 development files)
sudo apt-get install -y python-dev
sudo apt-get install -y python-numpy python-scipy

安装Caffe
(1) 从github上获取caffe (get git: sudo apt-get install git)：

git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git

在caffe-master/python文件夹内，使用root执行依赖项的检查与安装：

sudo su
cd caffe-master/python
for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done

以上过程报错，需要解决后再进行，可通过升级pip解决部分问题：

pip --version
pip install -u pip

(2) cp Makefile.config：

sudo cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config

(3) 打开并修改配置文件：

sudo gedit Makefile.config #打开Makefile.config文件

3.1 使用CUDNN：

将
#USE_CUDNN := 1
修改成： 
USE_CUDNN := 1

3.2 使用OpenCV

USE_OPENCV := 1 （可选）
OPENCV_VERSION := 3 （如果打开了USE_OPENCV，而且opencv版本为3时）

3.3 Python来编写layer

将
#WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1 
修改为 
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

3.4 路径变化

INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib 
修改为： 
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial 

修改makefile文件
打开makefile文件，做如下修改：

将：
NVCCFLAGS +=-ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler-fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)
替换为：
NVCCFLAGS += -D_FORCE_INLINES -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)

编译

make all -j8  -数字6为并行编译进程数目，一般设置为CPU物理核心数，可以使用 $(nproc) 来替换或echo $(nproc) 来查看CPU物理核心数
make test -j8
make runtest -j8
make pycaffe  -此时应该已经编译完成，再次执行以确认

忽视以下错误即可：

nvcc warning : The 'compute_20', 'sm_20', and 'sm_21' architectures are deprecated, and may be removed in a future release (Use -Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets to suppress warning).

测试
MNIST数据集测试
配置caffe完成后，我们可以利用MNIST数据集对caffe进行测试，过程如下：
1.将终端定位到Caffe根目录

cd ~/caffe

2.下载MNIST数据库并解压缩

./data/mnist/get_mnist.sh

3.将其转换成Lmdb数据库格式

./examples/mnist/create_mnist.sh

4.训练网络

./examples/mnist/train_lenet.sh

训练开始：

I0922 13:14:47.332710  1418 caffe.cpp:218] Using GPUs 0
I0922 13:14:47.390920  1418 caffe.cpp:223] GPU 0: TITAN X (Pascal)
I0922 13:14:47.593374  1418 solver.cpp:44] Initializing solver from parameters: 
test_iter: 100
test_interval: 500
base_lr: 0.01
display: 100
max_iter: 10000
lr_policy: "inv"
gamma: 0.0001
power: 0.75
momentum: 0.9
weight_decay: 0.0005
snapshot: 5000
snapshot_prefix: "examples/mnist/lenet"
solver_mode: GPU
device_id: 0
...
I0922 13:15:00.678990  1418 solver.cpp:447] Snapshotting to binary proto file examples/mnist/lenet_iter_10000.caffemodel
I0922 13:15:00.682633  1418 sgd_solver.cpp:273] Snapshotting solver state to binary proto file examples/mnist/lenet_iter_10000.solverstate
I0922 13:15:00.684578  1418 solver.cpp:310] Iteration 10000, loss = 0.00334544
I0922 13:15:00.684592  1418 solver.cpp:330] Iteration 10000, Testing net (#0)
I0922 13:15:00.732586  1429 data_layer.cpp:73] Restarting data prefetching from start.
I0922 13:15:00.733906  1418 solver.cpp:397]     Test net output #0: accuracy = 0.9908
I0922 13:15:00.733917  1418 solver.cpp:397]     Test net output #1: loss = 0.0276493 (* 1 = 0.0276493 loss)
I0922 13:15:00.733922  1418 solver.cpp:315] Optimization Done.
I0922 13:15:00.733924  1418 caffe.cpp:259] Optimization Done.

参考：
http://blog.csdn.net/aifei7320/article/details/73252635（此文记录了部分错误记录）
http://www.jianshu.com/p/7df78120803a