一、响应式的实现-媒介查询
@media
实现方式一:把media限定到link中
<div class="box1"></div>
<div class="box2"></div>
<!--响应式页面兼容移动端代码-->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/media1.css" media="screen and (max-width:1000px)"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/media2.css" media="screen and (min-width:1000px) and (max-width:1500px)"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/media3.css" media="screen and (min-width:1500px)"/>
实现方式二:把media写到css代码中
留活口,ie兼容
@charset "utf-8";
*{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
aside{
height: 200px;
width: 20%;
float: left;
background: orange;
}
div{
height: 200px;
width: 40%;
float: left;
}
div.box1{
background: blue;
}
div.box2{
background: pink;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) and (max-width: 1500px) {
aside{
display: none;
}
div.box1{
width: 50%;
background: red;
}
div.box2{
width: 50%;
background: purple;
}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 1000px) {
aside{
display: none;
}
div.box1{
width: 100%;
background: yellow;
}
div.box2{
width: 100%;
background: greenyellow;
}
1 }
二、bootstrap介绍
2.1 bootstrap概述
bootstrap 是世界上最受欢迎的前端框架,用于构建响应式、移动设备优先的网站。
bootstrap分为“全局css样式”、“组件”、“javascript插件”这么几个主要的部分。
设置全局 css 样式
基本的 html 元素均可以通过 class 设置样式并得到增强效果;还有先进的栅格系统。
组件
无数可复用的组件,包括字体图标、下拉菜单、导航、警告框、弹出框等更多功能。
javascript插件
jquery 插件为 bootstrap 的组件赋予了“生命”。可以简单地一次性引入所有插件,或者逐个引入到你的页面中。
2.2 bootstrap引入:
npm 需要安装环境node.js
cdn 在线方式,需要联网
离线的方式 下载引入自己的网站中
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-gn5384xqq1aowxa+058rxpxpg6fy4iwvtnh0e263xmfcjlsawiggfaw/dais6jxm" crossorigin="anonymous">
1 <!--<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"-->
2.3 容器及标题标签
类名.container根据不同视口给出不同的方案,但是都是页面居中的效果
类名 .container-fluid 宽度百分百
标题标签 单位rem 改变了w3c标准样式
<div class="container border2">
<!-- content here -->
<h1>这是bootstrap</h1>
<h2>这是bootstrap</h2>
<h3>这是bootstrap</h3>
<h4>这是bootstrap</h4>
<h5>这是bootstrap</h5>
<h6>这是bootstrap</h6>
1 </div>
2.4 媒体查询:
// small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)@media (min-width: 576px) { ... }
// medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)@media (min-width: 768px) { ... }
// large devices (desktops, 992px and up)@media (min-width: 992px) { ... }
// extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)@media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }
1
或:
// extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)@media (max-width: 575.98px) { ... }
// small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)@media (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 767.98px) { ... }
// medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991.98px) { ... }
// large devices (desktops, 992px and up)@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199.98px) { ... }
// extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)@media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }
1
1
2.5 网格布局
栅格系统用于通过一系列的行(row)与列(column)的组合来创建页面布局,你的内容就可以放入这些创建好的布局中
类名row 行必须包含在.container (固定宽度)或 .container-fluid (100% 宽度)中,以便为其赋予合适的排列(aligment)和内补(padding)。
类名 col- 列、栏通过“行(row)”在水平方向创建一组“列(column)”,内容应当放置于“列(column)”内,并且,只有“列(column)”可以作为行(row)”的直接子元素
一行一共有12栏,如果一行多余12栏,会自动换行
响应式:
.col-
.col-sm-
.col-md-
.col-lg-
.col-xl-
偏移值:
offset-
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
one of three columns
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-2">
col-2
</div>
<div class="col-8">
col-8
</div>
<div class="col-2">
col-2
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3">
col-3
</div>
<div class="col-6">
col-6
</div>
<div class="col-3">
col-3
</div>
</div>
1 </div>
2.6 文本与排版
使用 Bootstrap 的排版特性,可以创建标题、段落、列表及其他内联元素,实际上它是把大部分在HTML的基本标签加了样式。
<div class="container">
<p class="text-left text-success bg-info">这是关于排版和文本效果的应用</p>
<p class="text-center text-info bg-warning">这是关于排版和文本效果的应用</p>
<p class="text-right text-warning bg-success">这是关于排版和文本效果的应用</p>
<p class="text-hide"</p>
<p class="text-danger bg-primary">这是关于排版和文本效果的应用</p>
<p class="text-muted bg-danger">这是关于排版和文本效果的应用</p>
1 </div>
2.7 表格
1 默认样式
2 .table
3 可选样式
4 .table-striped为表格提供了斑马线的样式
5 .table-bordered为表格增加边框(border)
6 .table-hover 为表格中的每一行赋予鼠标悬停样式。鼠标划过后会添加一个背景色。
7 .table-condensed 每个单元格的内补(padding)减半,可使表格更紧凑。
8
<div class="container">
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-warning table-sm">
<thead>
<tr class="bg-danger">
<th scope="col">#</th>
<th scope="col">First</th>
<th scope="col">Last</th>
<th scope="col">Handle</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">1</th>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@mdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">2</th>
<td>Jacob</td>
<td>Thornton</td>
<td>@fat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">3</th>
<td>Larry</td>
<td>the Bird</td>
<td>@twitter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
1 </div>
2.7 表单
1
1
2.8 按钮
<div class="container-fluid">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">Secondary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">Light</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-dark">Dark</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>
</div>
<div class="container">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>
</div>
<div class="container">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">按钮</button>
1 </div>
2.9 卡片 面包屑
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-4">
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/1.jpg" alt="Card image cap">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>
<p class="card-text">Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.</p>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-4">
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/1.jpg" alt="Card image cap">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>
<p class="card-text">Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.</p>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-4">
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/1.jpg" alt="Card image cap">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>
<p class="card-text">Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.</p>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
1 </div>
2.9 轮播图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bootstrap-4.0.0-dist/css/bootstrap.css"/>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div id="carouselExampleIndicators" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="carousel-item active">
<img class="d-block w-100" src="images/1.jpg" alt="First slide">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img class="d-block w-100" src="images/2.jpg" alt="Second slide">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img class="d-block w-100" src="images/3.jpg" alt="Third slide">
</div>
</div>
<a class="carousel-control-prev" href="#carouselExampleIndicators" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="carousel-control-next" href="#carouselExampleIndicators" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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