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SpringCloud微服务实战——搭建企业级开发框架(五十一)

SpringCloud微服务实战——搭建企业级开发框架(五十一)

作者: 全栈程序猿 | 来源:发表于2023-03-09 18:48 被阅读0次

      SQL注入是常见的系统安全问题之一,用户通过特定方式向系统发送SQL脚本,可直接自定义操作系统数据库,如果系统没有对SQL注入进行拦截,那么用户甚至可以直接对数据库进行增删改查等操作。

      XSS全称为Cross Site Script跨站点脚本攻击,和SQL注入类似,都是通过特定方式向系统发送攻击脚本,对系统进行控制和侵害。SQL注入主要以攻击数据库来达到攻击系统的目的,而XSS则是以恶意执行前端脚本来攻击系统。

      项目框架中使用mybatis/mybatis-plus数据持久层框架,在使用过程中,已有规避SQL注入的规则和使用方法。但是在实际开发过程中,由于各种原因,开发人员对持久层框架的掌握水平不同,有些特殊业务情况必须从前台传入SQL脚本。这时就需要对系统进行加固,防止特殊情况下引起的系统风险。

      在微服务架构下,我们考虑如何实现SQL注入/XSS攻击拦截时,肯定不会在每个微服务都实现一遍SQL注入/XSS攻击拦截。根据我们微服务系统的设计,所有的请求都会经过Gateway网关,所以在实现时就可以参照前面的日志拦截器来实现。在接收到一个请求时,通过拦截器解析请求参数,判断是否有SQL注入/XSS攻击参数,如果有,那么返回异常即可。

      我们前面在对微服务Gateway进行自定义扩展时,增加了Gateway插件功能。我们会根据系统需求开发各种Gateway功能扩展插件,并且可以根据系统配置文件来启用/禁用这些插件。下面我们就将防止SQL注入/XSS攻击拦截器作为一个Gateway插件来开发和配置。

    1、新增SqlInjectionFilter 过滤器和XssInjectionFilter过滤器,分别用于解析请求参数并对参数进行判断是否存在SQL注入/XSS攻脚本。此处有公共判断方法,通过配置文件来读取请求的过滤配置,因为不是多有的请求都会引发SQL注入和XSS攻击,如果无差别的全部拦截和请求,那么势必影响到系统的性能。
    • 判断SQL注入的拦截器
    /**
     * 防sql注入
     * @author GitEgg
     */
    @Log4j2
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class SqlInjectionFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
    
    ......
    
            // 当返回参数为true时,解析请求参数和返回参数
            if (shouldSqlInjection(exchange))
            {
                MultiValueMap<String, String> queryParams = request.getQueryParams();
                boolean chkRetGetParams = SqlInjectionRuleUtils.mapRequestSqlKeyWordsCheck(queryParams);
        
                boolean chkRetJson = false;
                boolean chkRetFormData = false;
                
                HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders();
                MediaType contentType = headers.getContentType();
                long length = headers.getContentLength();
    
                if(length > 0 && null != contentType && (contentType.includes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                        ||contentType.includes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))){
                    chkRetJson = SqlInjectionRuleUtils.jsonRequestSqlKeyWordsCheck(gatewayContext.getRequestBody());
                }
                
                if(length > 0 && null != contentType  && contentType.includes(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)){
                    log.debug("[RequestLogFilter](Request)FormData:{}",gatewayContext.getFormData());
                    chkRetFormData = SqlInjectionRuleUtils.mapRequestSqlKeyWordsCheck(gatewayContext.getFormData());
                }
                
                if (chkRetGetParams || chkRetJson || chkRetFormData)
                {
                    return WebfluxResponseUtils.responseWrite(exchange, "参数中不允许存在sql关键字");
                }
                return chain.filter(exchange);
            }
            else {
                return chain.filter(exchange);
            }
        }
    
    ......
    
    }
    
    • 判断XSS攻击的拦截器
    /**
     * 防xss注入
     * @author GitEgg
     */
    @Log4j2
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class XssInjectionFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
    
     ......
    
            // 当返回参数为true时,记录请求参数和返回参数
            if (shouldXssInjection(exchange))
            {
                MultiValueMap<String, String> queryParams = request.getQueryParams();
                boolean chkRetGetParams = XssInjectionRuleUtils.mapRequestSqlKeyWordsCheck(queryParams);
        
                boolean chkRetJson = false;
                boolean chkRetFormData = false;
                
                HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders();
                MediaType contentType = headers.getContentType();
                long length = headers.getContentLength();
    
                if(length > 0 && null != contentType && (contentType.includes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                        ||contentType.includes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))){
                    chkRetJson = XssInjectionRuleUtils.jsonRequestSqlKeyWordsCheck(gatewayContext.getRequestBody());
                }
                
                if(length > 0 && null != contentType  && contentType.includes(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)){
                    log.debug("[RequestLogFilter](Request)FormData:{}",gatewayContext.getFormData());
                    chkRetFormData = XssInjectionRuleUtils.mapRequestSqlKeyWordsCheck(gatewayContext.getFormData());
                }
                
                if (chkRetGetParams || chkRetJson || chkRetFormData)
                {
                    return WebfluxResponseUtils.responseWrite(exchange, "参数中不允许存在XSS注入关键字");
                }
                return chain.filter(exchange);
            }
            else {
                return chain.filter(exchange);
            }
        }
    
    ......
    
    }
    
    2、新增SqlInjectionRuleUtils工具类和XssInjectionRuleUtils工具类,通过正则表达式,用于判断参数是否属于SQL注入/XSS攻击脚本。
    • 通过正则表达式对参数进行是否有SQL注入风险的判断
    /**
     * 防sql注入工具类
     * @author GitEgg
     */
    @Slf4j
    public class SqlInjectionRuleUtils {
        
        /**
         * SQL的正则表达式
         */
        private static String badStrReg = "\\b(and|or)\\b.{1,6}?(=|>|<|\\bin\\b|\\blike\\b)|\\/\\*.+?\\*\\/|<\\s*script\\b|\\bEXEC\\b|UNION.+?SELECT|UPDATE.+?SET|INSERT\\s+INTO.+?VALUES|(SELECT|DELETE).+?FROM|(CREATE|ALTER|DROP|TRUNCATE)\\s+(TABLE|DATABASE)";
        
        /**
         * SQL的正则表达式
         */
        private static Pattern sqlPattern = Pattern.compile(badStrReg, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
        
        
        /**
         * sql注入校验 map
         *
         * @param map
         * @return
         */
        public static boolean mapRequestSqlKeyWordsCheck(MultiValueMap<String, String> map) {
            //对post请求参数值进行sql注入检验
            return map.entrySet().stream().parallel().anyMatch(entry -> {
                //这里需要将参数转换为小写来处理
                String lowerValue = Optional.ofNullable(entry.getValue())
                        .map(Object::toString)
                        .map(String::toLowerCase)
                        .orElse("");
                if (sqlPattern.matcher(lowerValue).find()) {
                    log.error("参数[{}]中包含不允许sql的关键词", lowerValue);
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            });
        }
        
        
        /**
         *  sql注入校验 json
         *
         * @param value
         * @return
         */
        public static boolean jsonRequestSqlKeyWordsCheck(String value) {
            if (JSONUtil.isJsonObj(value)) {
                JSONObject json = JSONUtil.parseObj(value);
                Map<String, Object> map = json;
                //对post请求参数值进行sql注入检验
                return map.entrySet().stream().parallel().anyMatch(entry -> {
                    //这里需要将参数转换为小写来处理
                    String lowerValue = Optional.ofNullable(entry.getValue())
                            .map(Object::toString)
                            .map(String::toLowerCase)
                            .orElse("");
                    if (sqlPattern.matcher(lowerValue).find()) {
                        log.error("参数[{}]中包含不允许sql的关键词", lowerValue);
                        return true;
                    }
                    return false;
                });
            } else {
                JSONArray json = JSONUtil.parseArray(value);
                List<Object> list = json;
                //对post请求参数值进行sql注入检验
                return list.stream().parallel().anyMatch(obj -> {
                    //这里需要将参数转换为小写来处理
                    String lowerValue = Optional.ofNullable(obj)
                            .map(Object::toString)
                            .map(String::toLowerCase)
                            .orElse("");
                    if (sqlPattern.matcher(lowerValue).find()) {
                        log.error("参数[{}]中包含不允许sql的关键词", lowerValue);
                        return true;
                    }
                    return false;
                });
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    • 通过正则表达式对参数进行是否有XSS攻击风险的判断
    /**
     * XSS注入过滤工具类
     * @author GitEgg
     */
    public class XssInjectionRuleUtils {
        
        private static final Pattern[] PATTERNS = {
                
                // Avoid anything in a <script> type of expression
                Pattern.compile("<script>(.*?)</script>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
                // Avoid anything in a src='...' type of expression
                Pattern.compile("src[\r\n]*=[\r\n]*\\\'(.*?)\\\'", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL),
                Pattern.compile("src[\r\n]*=[\r\n]*\\\"(.*?)\\\"", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL),
                // Remove any lonesome </script> tag
                Pattern.compile("</script>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
                // Avoid anything in a <iframe> type of expression
                Pattern.compile("<iframe>(.*?)</iframe>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
                // Remove any lonesome <script ...> tag
                Pattern.compile("<script(.*?)>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL),
                // Remove any lonesome <img ...> tag
                Pattern.compile("<img(.*?)>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL),
                // Avoid eval(...) expressions
                Pattern.compile("eval\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL),
                // Avoid expression(...) expressions
                Pattern.compile("expression\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL),
                // Avoid javascript:... expressions
                Pattern.compile("javascript:", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
                // Avoid vbscript:... expressions
                Pattern.compile("vbscript:", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
                // Avoid onload= expressions
                Pattern.compile("on(load|error|mouseover|submit|reset|focus|click)(.*?)=", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL)
        };
        
        public static String stripXSS(String value) {
            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
                return value;
            }
            for (Pattern scriptPattern : PATTERNS) {
                value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            }
            return value;
        }
        
        public static boolean hasStripXSS(String value) {
            if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
                for (Pattern scriptPattern : PATTERNS) {
                    if (scriptPattern.matcher(value).find() == true)
                    {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
        
        /**
         * xss注入校验 map
         *
         * @param map
         * @return
         */
        public static boolean mapRequestSqlKeyWordsCheck(MultiValueMap<String, String> map) {
            //对post请求参数值进行sql注入检验
            return map.entrySet().stream().parallel().anyMatch(entry -> {
                //这里需要将参数转换为小写来处理
                String lowerValue = Optional.ofNullable(entry.getValue())
                        .map(Object::toString)
                        .map(String::toLowerCase)
                        .orElse("");
                if (hasStripXSS(lowerValue)) {
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            });
        }
        
        
        /**
         *  xss注入校验 json
         *
         * @param value
         * @return
         */
        public static boolean jsonRequestSqlKeyWordsCheck(String value) {
            if (JSONUtil.isJsonObj(value)) {
                JSONObject json = JSONUtil.parseObj(value);
                Map<String, Object> map = json;
                //对post请求参数值进行sql注入检验
                return map.entrySet().stream().parallel().anyMatch(entry -> {
                    //这里需要将参数转换为小写来处理
                    String lowerValue = Optional.ofNullable(entry.getValue())
                            .map(Object::toString)
                            .map(String::toLowerCase)
                            .orElse("");
                    if (hasStripXSS(lowerValue)) {
                        return true;
                    }
                    return false;
                });
            } else {
                JSONArray json = JSONUtil.parseArray(value);
                List<Object> list = json;
                //对post请求参数值进行sql注入检验
                return list.stream().parallel().anyMatch(obj -> {
                    //这里需要将参数转换为小写来处理
                    String lowerValue = Optional.ofNullable(obj)
                            .map(Object::toString)
                            .map(String::toLowerCase)
                            .orElse("");
                    if (hasStripXSS(lowerValue)) {
                        return true;
                    }
                    return false;
                });
            }
        }
        
    }
    
    3、在GatewayRequestContextFilter 中新增判断那些请求需要解析参数。因为出于性能等方面的考虑,网关并不是对所有的参数都进行解析,只有在需要记录日志、防止SQL注入/XSS攻击时才会进行解析。
        /**
         * check should read request data whether or not
         * @return boolean
         */
        private boolean shouldReadRequestData(ServerWebExchange exchange){
            if(gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getRequestLog()
                    && GatewayLogTypeEnum.ALL.getType().equals(gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getLogType())){
                log.debug("[GatewayContext]Properties Set Read All Request Data");
                return true;
            }
    
            boolean serviceFlag = false;
            boolean pathFlag = false;
            boolean lbFlag = false;
    
            List<String> readRequestDataServiceIdList = gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getServiceIdList();
    
            List<String> readRequestDataPathList = gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getPathList();
    
            if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(readRequestDataPathList)
                    && (GatewayLogTypeEnum.PATH.getType().equals(gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getLogType())
                        || GatewayLogTypeEnum.CONFIGURE.getType().equals(gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getLogType()))){
                String requestPath = exchange.getRequest().getPath().pathWithinApplication().value();
                for(String path : readRequestDataPathList){
                    if(ANT_PATH_MATCHER.match(path,requestPath)){
                        log.debug("[GatewayContext]Properties Set Read Specific Request Data With Request Path:{},Math Pattern:{}", requestPath, path);
                        pathFlag =  true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
    
            Route route = exchange.getAttribute(ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
            URI routeUri = route.getUri();
            if(!"lb".equalsIgnoreCase(routeUri.getScheme())){
                lbFlag = true;
            }
    
            String routeServiceId = routeUri.getHost().toLowerCase();
            if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(readRequestDataServiceIdList)
                    && (GatewayLogTypeEnum.SERVICE.getType().equals(gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getLogType())
                    || GatewayLogTypeEnum.CONFIGURE.getType().equals(gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getLogType()))){
                if(readRequestDataServiceIdList.contains(routeServiceId)){
                    log.debug("[GatewayContext]Properties Set Read Specific Request Data With ServiceId:{}",routeServiceId);
                    serviceFlag =  true;
                }
            }
    
            if (GatewayLogTypeEnum.CONFIGURE.getType().equals(gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getLogType())
                    && serviceFlag && pathFlag && !lbFlag)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else if (GatewayLogTypeEnum.SERVICE.getType().equals(gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getLogType())
                    && serviceFlag && !lbFlag)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else if (GatewayLogTypeEnum.PATH.getType().equals(gatewayPluginProperties.getLogRequest().getLogType())
                    && pathFlag)
            {
                return true;
            }
    
            return false;
        }
    
    4、在GatewayPluginProperties中新增配置,用于读取Gateway过滤器的系统配置,判断开启新增的防止SQL注入/XSS攻击插件。
    @Slf4j
    @Getter
    @Setter
    @ToString
    public class GatewayPluginProperties implements InitializingBean {
    
        public static final String GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "spring.cloud.gateway.plugin.config";
        
        public static final String GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX_LOG_REQUEST = GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX + ".logRequest";
        
        public static final String GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX_SQL_INJECTION = GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX + ".sqlInjection";
        
        public static final String GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX_XSS_INJECTION = GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX + ".xssInjection";
        
        /**
         * Enable Or Disable
         */
        private Boolean enable = false;
        
        /**
         * LogProperties
         */
        private LogProperties logRequest;
        
        /**
         * SqlInjectionProperties
         */
        private SqlInjectionProperties sqlInjection;
        
        /**
         * XssInjectionProperties
         */
        private XssInjectionProperties xssInjection;
    
        @Override
        public void afterPropertiesSet() {
            log.info("Gateway plugin logRequest enable:", logRequest.enable);
            log.info("Gateway plugin sqlInjection enable:", sqlInjection.enable);
            log.info("Gateway plugin xssInjection enable:", xssInjection.enable);
        }
        
        /**
         * 日志记录相关配置
         */
        @Getter
        @Setter
        @ToString
        public static class LogProperties implements InitializingBean{
        
            /**
             * Enable Or Disable Log Request Detail
             */
            private Boolean enable = false;
        
            /**
             * Enable Or Disable Read Request Data
             */
            private Boolean requestLog = false;
        
            /**
             * Enable Or Disable Read Response Data
             */
            private Boolean responseLog = false;
        
            /**
             * logType
             * all: 所有日志
             * configure:serviceId和pathList交集
             * serviceId: 只记录serviceId配置列表
             * pathList:只记录pathList配置列表
             */
            private String logType = "all";
        
            /**
             * Enable Read Request Data When use discover route by serviceId
             */
            private List<String> serviceIdList = Collections.emptyList();
        
            /**
             * Enable Read Request Data by specific path
             */
            private List<String> pathList = Collections.emptyList();
        
            @Override
            public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
                if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(serviceIdList)){
                    serviceIdList = serviceIdList.stream().map(String::toLowerCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
                }
                if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(pathList)){
                    pathList = pathList.stream().map(String::toLowerCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
                }
            }
        }
        
        /**
         * sql注入拦截相关配置
         */
        @Getter
        @Setter
        @ToString
        public static class SqlInjectionProperties implements InitializingBean{
            
            /**
             * Enable Or Disable
             */
            private Boolean enable = false;
            
            /**
             * Enable Read Request Data When use discover route by serviceId
             */
            private List<String> serviceIdList = Collections.emptyList();
            
            /**
             * Enable Read Request Data by specific path
             */
            private List<String> pathList = Collections.emptyList();
            
            @Override
            public void afterPropertiesSet() {
                if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(serviceIdList)){
                    serviceIdList = serviceIdList.stream().map(String::toLowerCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
                }
                if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(pathList)){
                    pathList = pathList.stream().map(String::toLowerCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
                }
            }
        }
        
        /**
         * xss注入拦截相关配置
         */
        @Getter
        @Setter
        @ToString
        public static class XssInjectionProperties implements InitializingBean{
            
            /**
             * Enable Or Disable
             */
            private Boolean enable = false;
            
            /**
             * Enable Read Request Data When use discover route by serviceId
             */
            private List<String> serviceIdList = Collections.emptyList();
            
            /**
             * Enable Read Request Data by specific path
             */
            private List<String> pathList = Collections.emptyList();
            
            @Override
            public void afterPropertiesSet() {
                if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(serviceIdList)){
                    serviceIdList = serviceIdList.stream().map(String::toLowerCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
                }
                if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(pathList)){
                    pathList = pathList.stream().map(String::toLowerCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

    5、GatewayPluginConfig 配置过滤器在启动时动态判断是否启用某些Gateway插件。在这里我们将新增的SQL注入拦截插件和XSS攻击拦截插件配置进来,可以根据配置文件动态判断是否启用SQL注入拦截插件和XSS攻击拦截插件。

    @Slf4j
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = GatewayPluginProperties.GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX, value = { "enable"}, havingValue = "true")
    public class GatewayPluginConfig {
        
        /**
         * Gateway插件是否生效
         * @return
         */
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(GatewayPluginProperties.class)
        @ConfigurationProperties(GatewayPluginProperties.GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX)
        public GatewayPluginProperties gatewayPluginProperties(){
            return new GatewayPluginProperties();
        }
        
    ......
        
        /**
         * sql注入拦截插件
         * @return
         */
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(SqlInjectionFilter.class)
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = GatewayPluginProperties.GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX, value = { "sqlInjection.enable" },havingValue = "true")
        public SqlInjectionFilter sqlInjectionFilter(@Autowired GatewayPluginProperties gatewayPluginProperties){
            SqlInjectionFilter sqlInjectionFilter = new SqlInjectionFilter(gatewayPluginProperties);
            log.debug("Load SQL Injection Filter Config Bean");
            return sqlInjectionFilter;
        }
    
        /**
         * xss注入拦截插件
         * @return
         */
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(XssInjectionFilter.class)
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = GatewayPluginProperties.GATEWAY_PLUGIN_PROPERTIES_PREFIX, value = { "xssInjection.enable" },havingValue = "true")
        public XssInjectionFilter xssInjectionFilter(@Autowired GatewayPluginProperties gatewayPluginProperties){
            XssInjectionFilter xssInjectionFilter = new XssInjectionFilter(gatewayPluginProperties);
            log.debug("Load XSS Injection Filter Config Bean");
            return xssInjectionFilter;
        }
    ......
    }
    

      在日常开发过程中很多业务需求都不会从前端传入SQL脚本和XSS脚本,所以很多的开发框架都不去识别前端参数是否有安全风险,然后直接禁止掉所有前端传入的的脚本,这样就强制规避了SQL注入和XSS攻击的风险。但是在某些特殊业务情况下,尤其是传统行业系统,需要通过前端配置执行脚本,然后由业务系统去执行这些配置的脚本,这个时候就需要通过配置来进行识别和判断,然后对容易引起安全性风险的脚本进转换和配置,在保证业务正常运行的情况下完成脚本配置。

    GitEgg-Cloud是一款基于SpringCloud整合搭建的企业级微服务应用开发框架,开源项目地址:

    Gitee: https://gitee.com/wmz1930/GitEgg
    GitHub: https://github.com/wmz1930/GitEgg

    欢迎感兴趣的小伙伴Star支持一下。

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