第二篇

第一段

Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science.

许多用来描述金融政策的语言，比如，使他听起来是一个精确的科学。

enhance v.提高
sound like

Nothing could be further from the truth.

这远非事实。

far from the truth 远非事实   

The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain.

利率和通胀之间的关系是不确定的。

link = the relation between

And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy.

而且在政策对经济有任何影响之前有很长时间不确定的滞后。

vary v.变化（不断的变化）
various adj.多种多样的
variable n.变量 adj.多变的
constant n.常数 adj.恒定不变的，始终如一的

影响（n.）
    effect
    impact
    influence

Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.

因此就出现了这种类比。金融政策的行为就像驾驶一辆前挡风玻璃变黑、后视镜已经破碎而且失灵了的方向盘的汽车。

Hence the 名词.
因此就出现了...

Hence the description of America as the graveyard for language.   
因此就出现了这种描述：美国是语言的墓地。
因此人们把美国描述为语言的墓地。

graveyard n.坟墓
grieve v.伤心，难过
schoolyard 中小学校园

analogy n.类比
    be analogous to 类似于，相当于...
    be similar to 
analyse/analyze v.分析

conduct n.行为 v.进行...行为
    rules of conduct 行为规范
    conduct a research 进行一项研究
    conduct online transactions 进行在线交易

liken...to...

money 金钱 ——> monetary 金融的
screen n.屏幕
    windscreen 前挡风玻璃
rear = back adj.后面的，后部的
    back row = rear row 后排

front adj.前部的
crack v.爆裂
    fire-cracker 鞭炮，爆竹
rear view mirror：车外的后视镜
steer v.驾驭，驾驶
    steering wheel：方向盘 
star n.明星
stir n/v.激起

fault n.错误
    find fault with sb.找茬

第一段的逻辑：
（1）伪主题，做伏笔
（2）推翻了为主题
（3）（4）And（5）Hence ：论据

第二段

Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late.

尽管有这些缺点，中央银行的银行家们似乎有很多值得骄傲的地方。

Given + 名词（组）,主谓...
Desipte + 名词（组）,主谓...
In spite of + 名词（组）,主谓...
尽管，虽然

Despite the dreadful headlines,consumers say they are not in despair because the own fortunes still feel pretty good.
尽管媒体的报道很吓人，消费者说他们不感到绝望，因为他们的财产很好。

tend to
seem to
may/might
似乎

boast v.自豪，骄傲
    boast about 骄傲，自豪
toast v/n.干杯

of late 最近
    = recently 
    = lately

这句话承上启下

写作中：
2~3条缺点。
Given all these disadvantages,it seems to have a variety of strengths. 2~3条优点。

Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.

七大工业国的经济中平均通货膨胀率去年降低仅仅2.3%，接近过去的30年里的最低水平，今年7月略微升高了2.5%。

top student：尖子生
average student：普通生
slow student：后进生

inflation average：平均通货膨胀
rise v/n.上涨，上升
mere adj.仅仅，只
    merely = only

This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.

这远低于许多国家在70年代和80年代早期两位数的通货膨胀率。

a far way= a long way
double-digit:两位数
    double-digit income:两位数的收入
    double-digit inflation:两位数的通货膨胀率

experience v.经历 n.经验
expert n.专家
in peril 在危险中
    peril n.危险，冒险 
perish v.死去

violence n.暴乱
violent adj.狂暴的
violate v.违反，违犯
    violate the rules and regulations :违反交通规则
pay the penalty 服刑

Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers.   
去年，日本经历了2125起校园骚乱，其中包括929件对老师的袭击。

assault v/n.攻击，袭击

1930s the depression
1970s & 1980s the crisis
2000s the recession

第三段

It is also less than most forecasters had predicted.

这也低于大多数预测者曾经的预测。

weather forecast 天气预报
    forecast n/v. 预测，预告   
sunny/cloudy/windy

In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995.

在1994年的晚些时候，《经济学人》每个月所选出的经济学家小组说95年全年美国的通货膨胀率是3.5%.

panel n.专家组，专家团
    a panel of experts
    a panel of economists
    a panel of scientists

In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole.

事实上，它今年跌倒了2.6%,全年有望3%

In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year.

在英国和日本通胀率也正在比预期低0.5的百分点运行。

This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America

这并非昙花一现：数年来英美两国通胀率一直低于预测。

flash in the pan：昙花一现
flash v.闪现，闪动
pan n.平底锅

考研中 分号和冒号通用，分号前面
consistently：一贯，一直
    consistent policy：一贯政策

本段结构：
（1）topic：实际通胀率低于预期。
（2）在美国：3.5 vs 3.0%
（3）在英国/日两国：
（4）一直如此

第四段

Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.

经济学家对于英美两国的有利的通货膨胀数字感到尤为吃惊，因为常规的指标显示两国的经济尤其是美国的经济没有出现生产力的不景气。

favorable adj.有利的
favor v/n. 支持
    = support v/n.支持
favorable conditions for state-owned enterprises reform.
国有企业改革的有利形势。
国有企业（缩写：SOEs）

数据：
figure /data /statistics 

因为：
because /since /for /as /due to

convention n.惯例，大会
    conventional adj.常规的
        conventional measures：常规的指标
        conventional war/weapons：常规战争/武器
congress n.国会，议会

In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
换言之，在新闻编辑部有一种常规的生产线，它为原本纷繁复杂的新闻提供了准备好了的一整套叙述结构。

narrate v.叙述
otherwise ad.原本，本来
suggest：显示，表明

few/little 几乎不
produce v.生产，产生
productivity n.生产力
slack n/v/adj.懒散；萧条，不景气
lack n/v/adj.缺乏

America's capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment — the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.

比如，美国前些年的生产力的利用率达到了历史高位，而且失业率（8月为5.6%）低于大多数自然失业率的预测，这种情况在以前通胀率猛增。

capacity n.能力，容量    
    to full capacity 达到能力 or 容量的极限   
capacity 在完形中一见就选   
utilize v.使用 = use     
    utilization n.使用     

estimate n/v.预测，估计  
predict v.预测，估计
forecast n/v.预测，估计

take off 起飞
land v.降落，着陆
    landing 着陆

第五段

Why has inflation proved so mild?

为什么通胀率如此的缓和？

prove v.结果竟然是....（出乎意料）
    = turn out 
 
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.     
遗憾的说，这项工程竟然大多数低水平的发现关于金融错误和拼写、语法错误....


project n.工程，项目
    Project Hope 希望工程
    The three Gorges Project 三峡工程
gorge n.咽喉，峡

error n.错误
correct adj/v.改正

The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective.

不幸的是，最令人振奋的解释也有一些小小的瑕疵。

perfect n.完美
defect  n.缺陷，瑕疵
thrilling adj.令人振奋的

Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

一些经济学家认为：大规模的结构变化已经终结了原有的建立在发展和通货膨胀的经济模式

argue v/n.认为，主张
claim v.认为，主张
hold v.认为，主张
contend v.认为，主张

双音节词：
    只要是动词[k3n'-]，其他['kon-]

感到困惑：
be puzzled /be confused /be perplexed

The economists have been perplexed that ...

be amazed at... 吃惊于（一件事太好了，以至于无法理解）
We are amazed at Liu Qian's performance.

amazing adj.不可思议的，神奇的

※※阅读理解的作者态度题中，下列一定不选：

感到困惑的
    be puzzled 
    be confused 
    be perplexed

冷漠的   
    indifferent
    carefree
    indifference

有偏见的
    biased
    prejudiced
    subjective