1. anathema |əˈnæθəmə|
① (N-UNCOUNT) 十分讨厌的人（或事物） If something is anathema to you, you strongly dislike it.
● Violence was anathema to them. 他们对暴力深恶痛绝。
2. incumbent |ɪnˈkʌmbənt|
① (N-COUNT) 现任官员;在职官员 An incumbent is someone who holds an official post at a particular time.
● In general, incumbents have a 94 per cent chance of being reelected.
通常现任官员有 94% 的几率会再次当选。
② (ADJ) 成为责任的;义不容辞的;必须履行的 If it is incumbent upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it.
● It is incumbent upon all of us to make an extra effort. 我们所有人都必须加倍努力。
3. decarbonize
Verb remove carbon from (an engine) 除去碳素; 除炭
4. pricey
① (ADJ-GRADED) 价格高的；昂贵的 If you say that something is pricey, you mean that it is expensive.
● Medical insurance is very pricey. 医疗保险费用昂贵。
5. perennial
① (ADJ-GRADED) （尤指问题或困难）永恒的，持续的，亘古不变的 You use perennial to describe situations or states that keep occurring or which seem to exist all the time; used especially to describe problems or difficulties.
● ...the perennial urban problems of drugs and homelessness...
毒品和无家可归这两个一直困扰城市的问题
● There's a perennial shortage of teachers with science qualifications.
有理科教学资格的老师一直都很短缺。
② (ADJ) （植物）多年生的 A perennial plant lives for several years and has flowers each year.
● ...a perennial herb with greenish-yellow flowers. 开绿黄色花的多年生香草
6. glut
① (N-COUNT) 供过于求；供应过剩 If there is a glut of something, there is so much of it that it cannot all be sold or used.
● There's a glut of agricultural products in Western Europe. 西欧的农产品供过于求。
● ...a world oil glut. 全球石油供应过剩
② (VERB) 充斥；使供应过剩 If a market is glutted with something, there is a glut of that thing.
● The region is glutted with hospitals... 该地区的医院数量已经饱和。
● Soldiers returning from the war had glutted the job market. 从战场返乡的士兵挤爆了劳动力市场。
7. shale
① (N-MASS) 页岩 Shale is smooth soft rock that breaks easily into thin layers.
8. stark
① (ADJ-GRADED) (选择、陈述等)严峻的，令人不快的 Stark choices or statements are harsh and unpleasant.
● UK companies face a stark choice if they want to stay competitive...
英国公司如果想要保持竞争力就不得不面对严峻的选择。
● In his celebration speech, he issued a stark warning to Washington and other Western capitals.
在他的庆祝演说中，他向华盛顿和其他西方国家提出了严正警告。
② (ADJ-GRADED) (对比)鲜明的 If two things are in stark contrast to one another, they are very different from each other in a way that is very obvious.
● ...secret cooperation between London and Washington that was in stark contrast to official policy.
与官方的政策形成鲜明对比的伦敦和华盛顿之间的秘密合作
③ (ADJ-GRADED) 光秃的;简易的;荒凉的 Something that is stark is very plain in appearance.
● ...the stark white, characterless fireplace in the drawing room.
客厅里简易的、毫无特色的白色壁炉
9. write off
① (PHRASAL VERB) (向公司或机构)去函，发信 If you write off to a company or organization, you send them a letter, usually asking for something.
● He wrote off to the New Zealand Government for these pamphlets about life in New Zealand.
他给新西兰政府去函，索取介绍新西兰生活的宣传册。
② (PHRASAL VERB) 勾销，注销(债务或已花费的款项) If someone writes off a debt or an amount of money that has been spent on a project, they accept that they are never going to get the money back.
● The president persuaded the West to write off Polish debts...
总统说通西方免除波兰的债务。
● He had long since written off the money. 他很早就将那笔钱勾销了。
③ (PHRASAL VERB) 认定…不重要(或无用)；忽视 If you write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention.
● He is fed up with people writing him off because of his age...
他很讨厌大家因为他的年纪而小看他。
● His critics write him off as too cautious to succeed...
批评他的人不把他当回事，认为他太过谨慎，不能成事。
④ (PHRASAL VERB) (发生撞车后)将(车辆)报废 If someone writes off a vehicle, they have a crash in it and it is so badly damaged that it is not worth repairing.
● John's written off four cars. Now he sticks to public transport...
约翰已经报废了4辆车，现在他一直坐公交车。
● One of Pete's friends wrote his car off there. 皮特的一个朋友在那儿把他的汽车撞毁了。
⑤ (PHRASAL VERB) 取消(计划或项目) If you write off a plan or project, you accept that it is not going to be successful and do not continue with it.
● We decided to write off the rest of the day and go shopping...
我们决定取消当天其余日程去购物。
● The prices were much higher. So we decided to write that off...
价格高出很多，所以我们决定将它取消。
10. deregulate
① (VERB) 撤销对…的管制规定;解除对…的控制 To deregulate something means to remove controls and regulations from it.
● ...the need to deregulate the US airline industry... 撤销对美国航空业管制的需要
● Once wholesale prices are deregulated, consumer prices will also rise.
一旦批发价格放开，零售价格也会随之上涨。
11. in the doldrums |ˈdɒldrəmz; 美 ˈdoʊl-|
① (PHRASE) 处于低潮;陷于停滞 If an activity or situation is in the doldrums, it is very quiet and nothing new or exciting is happening.
● The economy is in the doldrums. 经济正处于萧条期。
12. incipient |ɪnˈsɪpiənt|
[常用于名词前](formal) just beginning 刚开始的；初始的；早期的
signs of incipient unrest 动乱的初期迹象
13. dromedary
|ˈdrɒmədəri; 美 ˈdrɑ:məderi| (pl. -ies)
an animal of the camel family, with only one hump , that lives in desert countries 单峰驼
14. precipitous |prɪˈsɪpɪtəs| (formal)
very steep, high and often dangerous 陡峭的；险峻的；峭拔的
sheer
precipitous cliffs 险峻的峭壁
a precipitous drop at the side of the road 道路一旁陡降的坡面
sudden and great 突然的；骤然的；急剧的
abrupt
a precipitous decline in exports 出口的急剧下降
done very quickly, without enough thought or care 草率的；仓促的；贸然的
hasty
a precipitous action 贸然行动
[派生词] precipitously adv.
The land dropped precipitously down to the rocky shore.
地面陡降，下方是布满岩石的岸边。
The dollar plunged precipitously. 美元直线下跌。
We don't want to act precipitously. 我们不想仓促行事。
15. bolster |ˈbəʊlstə(r); 美 ˈboʊl-|
[动词 + 名词短语] ~ sth (up) to improve sth or make it stronger 改善；加强
to bolster sb's confidence/courage/morale 增加某人的信心 / 勇气 / 士气
Falling interest rates may help to bolster up the economy.
利率下降可能有助于激活经济。
16. thermostat |ˈθɜ:məstæt; 美 ˈθɜ:rm-|
a device that measures and controls the temperature of a machine or room, by switching the heating or cooling system on and off as necessary 温度自动调节器；恒温器
[派生词] thermostatic |ˌθɜ:məˈstætɪk; 美 ˌθɜ:rm-| adj. [只用于名词前]
thermostatically |-kli| adv.
17. blockchain 英 [blɒkt'ʃeɪn] 美 [blɒkt'ʃeɪn]
车链；块环链;
18. crowdsource
vt. 众包。这一概念是由美国杂志的记者Jeff Howe在2006年6月提出的; 他给出的定义为一个公司或机构把过去由员工执行的工作任务; 以自由自愿的形式外包给非特定的（而且通常是大型的）大众网络的做法。
19. unabated |ˌʌnəˈbeɪtɪd|
[名词前不常用](formal) without becoming any less strong 不减；未变弱
The rain continued unabated . 雨势一直没减弱。
20. slash
① (VERB) 割破;在…上留下深长的切口 If you slash something, you make a long, deep cut in it.
● He came within two minutes of bleeding to death after slashing his wrists.
若再晚两分钟割腕的他就会因失血过多而死。
② (VERB) 挥砍;劈 If you slash at a person or thing, you quickly hit at them with something such as a knife.
● He slashed at her, aiming carefully. 他仔细地瞄准她劈了过去。
③ (VERB) 大量削减 To slash something such as costs or jobs means to reduce them by a large amount.
● Car makers could be forced to slash prices after being accused of overcharging yesterday...
昨天被指控要价太高之后，汽车生产商可能会被迫大幅度降价。
● Everyone agrees that subsidies have to be slashed. 所有人都同意必须大幅度削减补贴。
④ () 斜线号 You say slash to refer to a sloping line that separates letters, words, or numbers. For example, if you are giving the number 340/2/K you say 'Three four zero, slash two, slash K.'
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