问题描述：Controller方法误写成了private而导致500错误的问题。

找原因，找了大半天, 也翻了Spring MVC的源码。。。终于，灵机一动，看到了 private ：

原因分析

当某个Controller类中含有private方法，并且该类有需要spring注入的对象时，且在该私有方法有中使用spring注入的对象时会报空指针。
那么为什么会报空指针了。咱们看一下动态代理的过程，这里使用的是cglib代理。

Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setCallback(new MyInteceptor());
enhancer.setSuperclass(A1.class);
A1 proxy = (A1)enhancer.create();

上面是一个创建cglib代理的类。在CglibAopProxy中代码就是：

这里有一点要记住，private和final修饰的方法，不会被代理。也就是说private和final的方法不会进入callBack。如果进入不了callBack，那么就进入不了被代理的目标对象。那么只能在proxy对象上执行private或final修饰的方法。而proxy对象是由cglib实例化的，里面没有spring注入的对象。因些报空指针。

接下来分析下不能写private的原因。

实际上SpringMVC本身对这个没有限制，会找到所有用户声明(ReflectionUtils.USER_DECLARED_METHODS)的方法。

    /**
     * Pre-built MethodFilter that matches all non-bridge methods
     * which are not declared on {@code java.lang.Object}.
     * @since 3.0.5
     */
    public static final MethodFilter USER_DECLARED_METHODS = new MethodFilter() {

        @Override
        public boolean matches(Method method) {
            return (!method.isBridge() && method.getDeclaringClass() != Object.class);
        }
    };

但是，如果用到了切面（恰巧，Controller中经常用到切面，我们也用了。。。）：

<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" />

或者

@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true)

这种，那么实际上最后会使用Cglib做代理，而生成的代理类会代理所有能够代理的方法，换句话说，private方法肯定就没有了。

被 private 和 final 修饰的方法不会进入callback，如果进入不了callback，那么就进入不了被代理的目标对象。那么只能在proxy对象上执行private或final修饰的方法。而proxy对象是由cglib实例化的，里面没有spring注入的对象。因此，报错：空指针异常NPE。

这就难怪，同一个Controller里面的两个方法，请求过来，Controller的对象的地址居然是不同的，而且，可以看到，请求 private 方法的那次，Controller 对象是明显经过CGLib增强代理的：

解决方案

tomcat启动后使用 @Autowired注入bean成功，但调用方法的时候使用注入的bean对象都是null，最后发现我把这个方法的修饰符写成了private，所以请求的方法不能用private修饰，得使用public。

另外的解决办法，是通过实现一个ApplicationContext工具类进行手动注入。获取这个ApplicationContext对象，我们就能手动从Spring获取所需要的 bean ：

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
public class ApplicationContextUtils implements ApplicationContextAware {
     
    private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
 
    private ApplicationContextUtils(){}
     
    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) throws BeansException {
        applicationContext = context;
    }
     
    public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> beanClass) {
        return applicationContext.getBean(beanClass);
    }
     
    public static <T> T getBean(String beanName, Class<T> beanClass) {
        return applicationContext.getBean(beanName, beanClass);
    }
 
}

在切面类中使用：

@Aspect
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true)
public class SysOperateLogAspect {
     
    private SysOperateLogService sysOperateLogService;
     
    public SysOperateLogAspect() {
        this.sysOperateLogService = ApplicationContextUtils.getBean(SysOperateLogService.class);
    }
}

相关源码

源码：org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator

protected Object createProxy(Class<?> beanClass, @Nullable String beanName, Object[] specificInterceptors, TargetSource targetSource) {
    // ....
    ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory();
    //复制当前类的一些属性
    proxyFactory.copyFrom(this);
    // 如果在配置文件中配置的aop标签的属性proxy-target-class为false，
    if (!proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) {
        // 是否需要代理当前类而不是代理接口，根据preserveTargetClass属性来判断Boolean.TRUE.equals(bd.getAttribute("preserveTargetClass")
        if (shouldProxyTargetClass(beanClass, beanName)) {
            proxyFactory.setProxyTargetClass(true);
        }
        else {
            // 如果代理的是接口，则添加代理接口
            evaluateProxyInterfaces(beanClass, proxyFactory);
        }
    }
    // 对增强器进行包装，有些增强是通过拦截器等方式来实现的，所以这里统一封装为 Advisor 进行处理
    Advisor[] advisors = buildAdvisors(beanName, specificInterceptors);
    // 加入增强器
    proxyFactory.addAdvisors(advisors);
    // 设置要代理的类
    proxyFactory.setTargetSource(targetSource);
    // 用户自定义代理
    customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory);
    // 该属性用来控制代理工厂被配置以后，是否还允许修改通知，默认为false
    proxyFactory.setFrozen(this.freezeProxy);
    if (advisorsPreFiltered()) {
        proxyFactory.setPreFiltered(true);
    }
    // 创建代理
    return proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader());
}
 
// 添加接口代理
protected void evaluateProxyInterfaces(Class<?> beanClass, ProxyFactory proxyFactory) {
    Class<?>[] targetInterfaces = ClassUtils.getAllInterfacesForClass(beanClass, getProxyClassLoader());
    boolean hasReasonableProxyInterface = false;
    //....
    if (hasReasonableProxyInterface) {
        for (Class<?> ifc : targetInterfaces) {
            proxyFactory.addInterface(ifc);
        }
    }
    else {
        proxyFactory.setProxyTargetClass(true);
    }
}
proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader());

通过这行代码我们可以看到有两个实现类分别是：JdkDynamicAopProxy 和 CglibAopProxy。追溯到CglibAopProxy 源码中：

 
    @Override
    public Object getProxy(ClassLoader classLoader) {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Creating CGLIB proxy: target source is " + this.advised.getTargetSource());
        }
 
        try {
            Class<?> rootClass = this.advised.getTargetClass();
            Assert.state(rootClass != null, "Target class must be available for creating a CGLIB proxy");
 
            Class<?> proxySuperClass = rootClass;
            if (ClassUtils.isCglibProxyClass(rootClass)) {
                proxySuperClass = rootClass.getSuperclass();
                Class<?>[] additionalInterfaces = rootClass.getInterfaces();
                for (Class<?> additionalInterface : additionalInterfaces) {
                    this.advised.addInterface(additionalInterface);
                }
            }
 
            // Validate the class, writing log messages as necessary.
            validateClassIfNecessary(proxySuperClass, classLoader);
 
            // Configure CGLIB Enhancer...
            Enhancer enhancer = createEnhancer();
            if (classLoader != null) {
                enhancer.setClassLoader(classLoader);
                if (classLoader instanceof SmartClassLoader &&
                        ((SmartClassLoader) classLoader).isClassReloadable(proxySuperClass)) {
                    enhancer.setUseCache(false);
                }
            }
                        //设置需要创建子类的类
            enhancer.setSuperclass(proxySuperClass);
            enhancer.setInterfaces(AopProxyUtils.completeProxiedInterfaces(this.advised));
            enhancer.setNamingPolicy(SpringNamingPolicy.INSTANCE);
            enhancer.setStrategy(new UndeclaredThrowableStrategy(UndeclaredThrowableException.class));
 
            Callback[] callbacks = getCallbacks(rootClass);
            Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[callbacks.length];
            for (int x = 0; x < types.length; x++) {
                types[x] = callbacks[x].getClass();
            }
            // fixedInterceptorMap only populated at this point, after getCallbacks call above
            enhancer.setCallbackFilter(new ProxyCallbackFilter(
                    this.advised.getConfigurationOnlyCopy(), this.fixedInterceptorMap, this.fixedInterceptorOffset));
            enhancer.setCallbackTypes(types);
 
            // Generate the proxy class and create a proxy instance.
            return createProxyClassAndInstance(enhancer, callbacks);
        }
        catch (CodeGenerationException ex) {
            throw new AopConfigException("Could not generate CGLIB subclass of class [" +
                    this.advised.getTargetClass() + "]: " +
                    "Common causes of this problem include using a final class or a non-visible class",
                    ex);
        }
        catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            throw new AopConfigException("Could not generate CGLIB subclass of class [" +
                    this.advised.getTargetClass() + "]: " +
                    "Common causes of this problem include using a final class or a non-visible class",
                    ex);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            // TargetSource.getTarget() failed
            throw new AopConfigException("Unexpected AOP exception", ex);
        }
    }
 
    protected Object createProxyClassAndInstance(Enhancer enhancer, Callback[] callbacks) {
        enhancer.setInterceptDuringConstruction(false);
        enhancer.setCallbacks(callbacks);
        return (this.constructorArgs != null ?
                enhancer.create(this.constructorArgTypes, this.constructorArgs) :
                enhancer.create());
    }

我们看到有一行代码 enhancer.setSuperclass(proxySuperClass); 这说明什么 cglib采用继承的方式通过生成子类的方式创建代理类；生成代理类前，设置了CallbackFilter，CallbackFilter允许我们在方法层设置回调（callback），根据我们对方法处理的需求设置不同的回调；callback才是真正执行我们目标对象方法的地方。

org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy.DynamicAdvisedInterceptor#intercept

        @Override
        @Nullable
        public Object intercept(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
            Object oldProxy = null;
            boolean setProxyContext = false;
            Object target = null;
            TargetSource targetSource = this.advised.getTargetSource();
            try {
                if (this.advised.exposeProxy) {
                    // Make invocation available if necessary.
                    oldProxy = AopContext.setCurrentProxy(proxy);
                    setProxyContext = true;
                }
                // Get as late as possible to minimize the time we "own" the target, in case it comes from a pool...
                target = targetSource.getTarget();
                Class<?> targetClass = (target != null ? target.getClass() : null);
                List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass);
                Object retVal;
                // Check whether we only have one InvokerInterceptor: that is,
                // no real advice, but just reflective invocation of the target.
                if (chain.isEmpty() && Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
                    // We can skip creating a MethodInvocation: just invoke the target directly.
                    // Note that the final invoker must be an InvokerInterceptor, so we know
                    // it does nothing but a reflective operation on the target, and no hot
                    // swapping or fancy proxying.
                    Object[] argsToUse = AopProxyUtils.adaptArgumentsIfNecessary(method, args);
                    retVal = methodProxy.invoke(target, argsToUse);
                }
                else {
                    // We need to create a method invocation...
                    retVal = new CglibMethodInvocation(proxy, target, method, args, targetClass, chain, methodProxy).proceed();
                }
                retVal = processReturnType(proxy, target, method, retVal);
                return retVal;
            }
            finally {
                if (target != null && !targetSource.isStatic()) {
                    targetSource.releaseTarget(target);
                }
                if (setProxyContext) {
                    // Restore old proxy.
                    AopContext.setCurrentProxy(oldProxy);
                }
            }
        }

CGLIB动态代理实现原理

一、 CGLIB介绍

CGLIB(Code Generation Library)是一个开源项目！是一个强大的，高性能，高质量的Code生成类库，

它可以在运行期扩展Java类与实现Java接口。Hibernate用它来实现PO(Persistent Object 持久化对象)字节码的动态生成。

CGLIB是一个强大的高性能的代码生成包。它广泛的被许多AOP的框架使用，例如Spring AOP为他们提供

方法的interception（拦截）。CGLIB包的底层是通过使用一个小而快的字节码处理框架ASM，来转换字节码并生成新的类。

除了CGLIB包，脚本语言例如Groovy和BeanShell，也是使用ASM来生成java的字节码。当然不鼓励直接使用ASM，

因为它要求你必须对JVM内部结构包括class文件的格式和指令集都很熟悉。

二、 CGLIB动态代理实例

实现一个业务类，注意，这个业务类并没有实现任何接口：

package com.jpeony.spring.proxy.cglib;
 
public class HelloService {
 
    public HelloService() {
        System.out.println("HelloService构造");
    }
 
    /**
     * 该方法不能被子类覆盖,Cglib是无法代理final修饰的方法的
     */
    final public String sayOthers(String name) {
        System.out.println("HelloService:sayOthers>>"+name);
        return null;
    }
 
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("HelloService:sayHello");
    }
}

自定义MethodInterceptor：

package com.jpeony.spring.proxy.cglib;
 
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;
 
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
/**
 * 自定义MethodInterceptor
 */
public class MyMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor{
 
    /**
     * sub：cglib生成的代理对象
     * method：被代理对象方法
     * objects：方法入参
     * methodProxy: 代理方法
     */
    @Override
    public Object intercept(Object sub, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("======插入前置通知======");
        Object object = methodProxy.invokeSuper(sub, objects);
        System.out.println("======插入后者通知======");
        return object;
    }
}

生成CGLIB代理对象调用目标方法：

package com.jpeony.spring.proxy.cglib;
 
import net.sf.cglib.core.DebuggingClassWriter;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
 
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 代理类class文件存入本地磁盘方便我们反编译查看源码
        System.setProperty(DebuggingClassWriter.DEBUG_LOCATION_PROPERTY, "D:\\code");
        // 通过CGLIB动态代理获取代理对象的过程
        Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
        // 设置enhancer对象的父类
        enhancer.setSuperclass(HelloService.class);
        // 设置enhancer的回调对象
        enhancer.setCallback(new MyMethodInterceptor());
        // 创建代理对象
        HelloService proxy= (HelloService)enhancer.create();
        // 通过代理对象调用目标方法
        proxy.sayHello();
    }
}

运行结果:

三、 CGLIB动态代理源码分析

实现CGLIB动态代理必须实现MethodInterceptor(方法拦截器)接口，源码如下:

/*
 * Copyright 2002,2003 The Apache Software Foundation
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package net.sf.cglib.proxy;
 
/**
 * General-purpose {@link Enhancer} callback which provides for "around advice".
 * @author Juozas Baliuka <a href="mailto:baliuka@mwm.lt">baliuka@mwm.lt</a>
 * @version $Id: MethodInterceptor.java,v 1.8 2004/06/24 21:15:20 herbyderby Exp $
 */
public interface MethodInterceptor
extends Callback
{
    /**
     * All generated proxied methods call this method instead of the original method.
     * The original method may either be invoked by normal reflection using the Method object,
     * or by using the MethodProxy (faster).
     * @param obj "this", the enhanced object
     * @param method intercepted Method
     * @param args argument array; primitive types are wrapped
     * @param proxy used to invoke super (non-intercepted method); may be called
     * as many times as needed
     * @throws Throwable any exception may be thrown; if so, super method will not be invoked
     * @return any value compatible with the signature of the proxied method. Method returning void will ignore this value.
     * @see MethodProxy
     */    
    public Object intercept(Object obj, java.lang.reflect.Method method, Object[] args,
                               MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable;
 
}

这个接口只有一个intercept()方法，这个方法有4个参数：

1）obj表示增强的对象，即实现这个接口类的一个对象；

2）method表示要被拦截的方法；

3）args表示要被拦截方法的参数；

4）proxy表示要触发父类的方法对象；

在上面的Client代码中，通过Enhancer.create()方法创建代理对象，create()方法的源码：

/**
     * Generate a new class if necessary and uses the specified
     * callbacks (if any) to create a new object instance.
     * Uses the no-arg constructor of the superclass.
     * @return a new instance
     */
    public Object create() {
        classOnly = false;
        argumentTypes = null;
        return createHelper();
    }

该方法含义就是如果有必要就创建一个新类，并且用指定的回调对象创建一个新的对象实例，

使用的父类的参数的构造方法来实例化父类的部分。核心内容在createHelper()中，源码如下:

private Object createHelper() {
        preValidate();
        Object key = KEY_FACTORY.newInstance((superclass != null) ? superclass.getName() : null,
                ReflectUtils.getNames(interfaces),
                filter == ALL_ZERO ? null : new WeakCacheKey<CallbackFilter>(filter),
                callbackTypes,
                useFactory,
                interceptDuringConstruction,
                serialVersionUID);
        this.currentKey = key;
        Object result = super.create(key);
        return result;
    }

preValidate()方法校验callbackTypes、filter是否为空，以及为空时的处理。

通过newInstance()方法创建EnhancerKey对象，作为Enhancer父类AbstractClassGenerator.create()方法

创建代理对象的参数。

protected Object create(Object key) {
        try {
            ClassLoader loader = getClassLoader();
            Map<ClassLoader, ClassLoaderData> cache = CACHE;
            ClassLoaderData data = cache.get(loader);
            if (data == null) {
                synchronized (AbstractClassGenerator.class) {
                    cache = CACHE;
                    data = cache.get(loader);
                    if (data == null) {
                        Map<ClassLoader, ClassLoaderData> newCache = new WeakHashMap<ClassLoader, ClassLoaderData>(cache);
                        data = new ClassLoaderData(loader);
                        newCache.put(loader, data);
                        CACHE = newCache;
                    }
                }
            }
            this.key = key;
            Object obj = data.get(this, getUseCache());
            if (obj instanceof Class) {
                return firstInstance((Class) obj);
            }
            return nextInstance(obj);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (Error e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new CodeGenerationException(e);
        }
    }

真正创建代理对象方法在nextInstance()方法中，该方法为抽象类AbstractClassGenerator的一个方法，签名如下：

abstract protected Object nextInstance(Object instance) throws Exception;

在子类Enhancer中实现，实现源码如下：

protected Object nextInstance(Object instance) {
        EnhancerFactoryData data = (EnhancerFactoryData) instance;
 
        if (classOnly) {
            return data.generatedClass;
        }
 
        Class[] argumentTypes = this.argumentTypes;
        Object[] arguments = this.arguments;
        if (argumentTypes == null) {
            argumentTypes = Constants.EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY;
            arguments = null;
        }
        return data.newInstance(argumentTypes, arguments, callbacks);
    }

其中，data.newInstance(argumentTypes, arguments, callbacks)方法，

第一个参数为代理对象的构成器类型，第二个为代理对象构造方法参数，第三个为对应回调对象。

最后根据这些参数，通过反射生成代理对象，源码如下：

/**
         * Creates proxy instance for given argument types, and assigns the callbacks.
         * Ideally, for each proxy class, just one set of argument types should be used,
         * otherwise it would have to spend time on constructor lookup.
         * Technically, it is a re-implementation of {@link Enhancer#createUsingReflection(Class)},
         * with "cache {@link #setThreadCallbacks} and {@link #primaryConstructor}"
         *
         * @see #createUsingReflection(Class)
         * @param argumentTypes constructor argument types
         * @param arguments constructor arguments
         * @param callbacks callbacks to set for the new instance
         * @return newly created proxy
         */
        public Object newInstance(Class[] argumentTypes, Object[] arguments, Callback[] callbacks) {
            setThreadCallbacks(callbacks);
            try {
                // Explicit reference equality is added here just in case Arrays.equals does not have one
                if (primaryConstructorArgTypes == argumentTypes ||
                        Arrays.equals(primaryConstructorArgTypes, argumentTypes)) {
                    // If we have relevant Constructor instance at hand, just call it
                    // This skips "get constructors" machinery
                    return ReflectUtils.newInstance(primaryConstructor, arguments);
                }
                // Take a slow path if observing unexpected argument types
                return ReflectUtils.newInstance(generatedClass, argumentTypes, arguments);
            } finally {
                // clear thread callbacks to allow them to be gc'd
                setThreadCallbacks(null);
            }
 
        }

最后生成代理对象：

将其反编译后代码如下：

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//
 
package com.jpeony.spring.proxy.cglib;
 
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils;
import net.sf.cglib.core.Signature;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Callback;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Factory;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;
 
public class HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd extends HelloService implements Factory {
    private boolean CGLIB$BOUND;
    public static Object CGLIB$FACTORY_DATA;
    private static final ThreadLocal CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS;
    private static final Callback[] CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
    private MethodInterceptor CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
    private static Object CGLIB$CALLBACK_FILTER;
    private static final Method CGLIB$sayHello$0$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$sayHello$0$Proxy;
    private static final Object[] CGLIB$emptyArgs;
    private static final Method CGLIB$equals$1$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy;
    private static final Method CGLIB$toString$2$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy;
    private static final Method CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy;
    private static final Method CGLIB$clone$4$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy;
 
    static void CGLIB$STATICHOOK1() {
        CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS = new ThreadLocal();
        CGLIB$emptyArgs = new Object[0];
        Class var0 = Class.forName("com.jpeony.spring.proxy.cglib.HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd");
        Class var1;
        Method[] var10000 = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"equals", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", "hashCode", "()I", "clone", "()Ljava/lang/Object;"}, (var1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object")).getDeclaredMethods());
        CGLIB$equals$1$Method = var10000[0];
        CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "equals", "CGLIB$equals$1");
        CGLIB$toString$2$Method = var10000[1];
        CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/String;", "toString", "CGLIB$toString$2");
        CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method = var10000[2];
        CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()I", "hashCode", "CGLIB$hashCode$3");
        CGLIB$clone$4$Method = var10000[3];
        CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/Object;", "clone", "CGLIB$clone$4");
        CGLIB$sayHello$0$Method = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"sayHello", "()V"}, (var1 = Class.forName("com.jpeony.spring.proxy.cglib.HelloService")).getDeclaredMethods())[0];
        CGLIB$sayHello$0$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()V", "sayHello", "CGLIB$sayHello$0");
    }
 
    final void CGLIB$sayHello$0() {
        super.sayHello();
    }
 
    public final void sayHello() {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }
 
        if (var10000 != null) {
            var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$sayHello$0$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$sayHello$0$Proxy);
        } else {
            super.sayHello();
        }
    }
 
    final boolean CGLIB$equals$1(Object var1) {
        return super.equals(var1);
    }
 
    public final boolean equals(Object var1) {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }
 
        if (var10000 != null) {
            Object var2 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$equals$1$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy);
            return var2 == null ? false : (Boolean)var2;
        } else {
            return super.equals(var1);
        }
    }
 
    final String CGLIB$toString$2() {
        return super.toString();
    }
 
    public final String toString() {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }
 
        return var10000 != null ? (String)var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$toString$2$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy) : super.toString();
    }
 
    final int CGLIB$hashCode$3() {
        return super.hashCode();
    }
 
    public final int hashCode() {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }
 
        if (var10000 != null) {
            Object var1 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy);
            return var1 == null ? 0 : ((Number)var1).intValue();
        } else {
            return super.hashCode();
        }
    }
 
    final Object CGLIB$clone$4() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
 
    protected final Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if (var10000 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }
 
        return var10000 != null ? var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$clone$4$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy) : super.clone();
    }
 
    public static MethodProxy CGLIB$findMethodProxy(Signature var0) {
        String var10000 = var0.toString();
        switch(var10000.hashCode()) {
        case -508378822:
            if (var10000.equals("clone()Ljava/lang/Object;")) {
                return CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy;
            }
            break;
        case 1535311470:
            if (var10000.equals("sayHello()V")) {
                return CGLIB$sayHello$0$Proxy;
            }
            break;
        case 1826985398:
            if (var10000.equals("equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z")) {
                return CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy;
            }
            break;
        case 1913648695:
            if (var10000.equals("toString()Ljava/lang/String;")) {
                return CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy;
            }
            break;
        case 1984935277:
            if (var10000.equals("hashCode()I")) {
                return CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy;
            }
        }
 
        return null;
    }
 
    public HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd() {
        CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
    }
 
    public static void CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
        CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.set(var0);
    }
 
    public static void CGLIB$SET_STATIC_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
        CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS = var0;
    }
 
    private static final void CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(Object var0) {
        HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd var1 = (HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd)var0;
        if (!var1.CGLIB$BOUND) {
            var1.CGLIB$BOUND = true;
            Object var10000 = CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.get();
            if (var10000 == null) {
                var10000 = CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
                if (var10000 == null) {
                    return;
                }
            }
 
            var1.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)((Callback[])var10000)[0];
        }
 
    }
 
    public Object newInstance(Callback[] var1) {
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var1);
        HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd var10000 = new HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd();
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
        return var10000;
    }
 
    public Object newInstance(Callback var1) {
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(new Callback[]{var1});
        HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd var10000 = new HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd();
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
        return var10000;
    }
 
    public Object newInstance(Class[] var1, Object[] var2, Callback[] var3) {
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var3);
        HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd var10000 = new HelloService$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$be45efdd;
        switch(var1.length) {
        case 0:
            var10000.<init>();
            CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
            return var10000;
        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Constructor not found");
        }
    }
 
    public Callback getCallback(int var1) {
        CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
        MethodInterceptor var10000;
        switch(var1) {
        case 0:
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
            break;
        default:
            var10000 = null;
        }
 
        return var10000;
    }
 
    public void setCallback(int var1, Callback var2) {
        switch(var1) {
        case 0:
            this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var2;
        default:
        }
    }
 
    public Callback[] getCallbacks() {
        CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
        return new Callback[]{this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0};
    }
 
    public void setCallbacks(Callback[] var1) {
        this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var1[0];
    }
 
    static {
        CGLIB$STATICHOOK1();
    }
}

重点关注代理对象的sayHello方法：

public final void sayHello() {
    MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
    if (var10000 == null) {
        CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
        var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
    }

    if (var10000 != null) {
        var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$sayHello$0$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$sayHello$0$Proxy);
    } else {
        super.sayHello();
    }
}

从代理对象反编译源码可以知道，代理对象继承于HelloService，拦截器调用intercept()方法，

intercept()方法由自定义MyMethodInterceptor实现，所以，最后调用MyMethodInterceptor中的intercept()方法，从而完成了由代理对象访问到目标对象的动态代理实现。

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/yhl_jxy/article/details/80633194

---

其他的常见的 Spring @Autowired npe example

另外，也有其他的常见的 Spring @Autowired npe example， 特摘录如下：

The Spring framework makes heavy use of Inversion of Control (IoC) to let you inject classes without having to worry about their scope, lifetime or cleanup.

A common error people hit is when they autowire a class and when they try to call a method on it find that it is null and they get a NullPointerException. So why didn’t Spring auto-wire your class for you? Here’s two possible reasons:

YOU INSTANTIATED THE A CLASS MANUALLY
Hi, 2005 called and asked for their code back. Yeah, OK, IoC is like the cool kid on the block and if you are using Spring then you need to be using it all the time. Here’s a code snippet of a Controller, Service and Repository that will result in a NullPointerException.

@Controller
public class Controller {

  @GetMapping("/example")
  public String example() {
    MyService my = new MyService();
    my.doStuff();
  }
}

@Service
public class MyService() {

  @Autowired
  MyRepository repo;

  public void doStuff() {
    repo.findByName( "steve" );
  }
}

 

@Repository
public interface MyRepository extends CrudRepository<My, Long> {

  List<My> findByName( String name );
}

This will throw a NullPointerException in the service class when it tries to access the MyRepository auto-wired Repository, not because there is anything wrong with the wiring of the Repository but because you instantiated MyService() manually with MyService my = new MyService(). To fix this auto-wire the Service as well:

@Controller
public class Controller {

  @Autowired
  MyService service;

  @GetMapping("/example")
  public String example() {
    service.doStuff();
  }
}

@Service
public class MyService() {

  @Autowired
  MyRepository repo;

  public void doStuff() {
    repo.findByName( "steve" );
  }
}

@Repository
public interface MyRepository extends CrudRepository<My, Long> {

  List<My> findByName( String name );
}

YOU FORGOT TO ANNOTATE A CLASS AS A COMPONENT OR ONE OF ITS DESCENDANTS

Spring uses component scanning to find the classes that it needs to auto-wire and insert into classes for IoC. Basically, Spring is going to scan the project’s classpath (or paths you specified), find all of the @Component classes and make them available for auto-wiring. So if you forget to annotate a class it will not be auto-wired and when you try and use it you will get a null and a NullPointerException.

@Service, @Repository and @Controller are all specializations of @Component, so any class you want to auto-wire needs to be annotated with one of them. So auto-wiring this will cause a null:

public class MyService {

  public void doStuff() {
  }
}
but this will work fine

@Service
public class MyService {

  public void doStuff() {
  }
}

参考资料

[1].https://blog.csdn.net/liruichuan/article/details/101367819
[2].https://github.com/chrylis/spring_autowired_npe_example
[3].https://github.com/chrylis/spring_autowired_npe_example/tree/nonworking
[4].https://www.moreofless.co.uk/spring-mvc-java-autowired-component-null-repository-service/
[5].https://blog.csdn.net/yhl_jxy/article/details/80633194

---

Kotlin开发者社区

专注分享 Java、 Kotlin、Spring/Spring Boot、MySQL、redis、neo4j、NoSQL、Android、JavaScript、React、Node、函数式编程、编程思想、"高可用，高性能，高实时"大型分布式系统架构设计主题。

High availability, high performance, high real-time large-scale distributed system architecture design。

分布式框架：Zookeeper、分布式中间件框架等
分布式存储：GridFS、FastDFS、TFS、MemCache、redis等
分布式数据库：Cobar、tddl、Amoeba、Mycat
云计算、大数据、AI算法
虚拟化、云原生技术
分布式计算框架：MapReduce、Hadoop、Storm、Flink等
分布式通信机制：Dubbo、RPC调用、共享远程数据、消息队列等
消息队列MQ：Kafka、MetaQ，RocketMQ
怎样打造高可用系统：基于硬件、软件中间件、系统架构等一些典型方案的实现：HAProxy、基于Corosync+Pacemaker的高可用集群套件中间件系统
Mycat架构分布式演进
大数据Join背后的难题：数据、网络、内存和计算能力的矛盾和调和
Java分布式系统中的高性能难题：AIO，NIO，Netty还是自己开发框架？
高性能事件派发机制：线程池模型、Disruptor模型等等。。。

合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于垒土；千里之行，始于足下。不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江河。

Kotlin 简介

Kotlin是一门非研究性的语言，它是一门非常务实的工业级编程语言，它的使命就是帮助程序员们解决实际工程实践中的问题。使用Kotlin 让 Java程序员们的生活变得更好，Java中的那些空指针错误，浪费时间的冗长的样板代码，啰嗦的语法限制等等，在Kotlin中统统消失。Kotlin 简单务实，语法简洁而强大，安全且表达力强，极富生产力。

Java诞生于1995年，至今已有23年历史。当前最新版本是 Java 9。在 JVM 生态不断发展繁荣的过程中，也诞生了Scala、Groovy、Clojure 等兄弟语言。

Kotlin 也正是 JVM 家族中的优秀一员。Kotlin是一种现代语言（版本1.0于2016年2月发布）。它最初的目的是像Scala那样，优化Java语言的缺陷，提供更加简单实用的编程语言特性，并且解决了性能上的问题，比如编译时间。 JetBrains在这些方面做得非常出色。

Kotlin语言的特性

用 Java 开发多年以后，能够尝试一些新的东西真是太棒了。如果您是 Java 开发人员，使用 Kotlin 将会非常自然流畅。如果你是一个Swift开发者，你将会感到似曾相识，比如可空性（Nullability）。 Kotlin语言的特性有：

1.简洁

大幅减少样板代码量。

2.与Java的100%互操作性

Kotlin可以直接与Java类交互，反之亦然。这个特性使得我们可以直接重用我们的代码库，并将其迁移到 Kotlin中。由于Java的互操作性几乎无处不在。我们可以直接访问平台API以及现有的代码库，同时仍然享受和使用 Kotlin 的所有强大的现代语言功能。

3.扩展函数

Kotlin 类似于 C# 和 Gosu, 它提供了为现有类提供新功能扩展的能力，而不必从该类继承或使用任何类型的设计模式 (如装饰器模式)。

4.函数式编程

Kotlin 语言一等支持函数式编程，就像Scala一样。具备高阶函数、Lambda 表达式等函数式基本特性。

5.默认和命名参数

在Kotlin中，您可以为函数中的参数设置一个默认值，并给每个参数一个名称。这有助于编写易读的代码。

6.强大的开发工具支持

而由于是JetBrains出品，我们拥有很棒的IDE支持。虽然Java到Kotlin的自动转换并不是100% OK 的，但它确实是一个非常好的工具。使用 IDEA 的工具转换Java代码为 Kotlin 代码时，可以轻松地重用60％-70％的结果代码，而且修改成本很小。

Kotlin 除了简洁强大的语法特性外，还有实用性非常强的API以及围绕它构建的生态系统。例如：集合类 API、IO 扩展类、反射API 等。同时 Kotlin 社区也提供了丰富的文档和大量的学习资料，还有在线REPL。

A modern programming language that makes developers happier. Open source forever

图来自《Kotlin从入门到进阶实战》 (陈光剑，清华大学出版社) 图来自《Kotlin从入门到进阶实战》 (陈光剑，清华大学出版社)

https://kotlinlang.org/