英语语法 名词性从句的使用 续2

大家先看看Jason老师之前的文章《英语语法 名词性从句的使用》《英语语法 名词性从句的使用 续1》

今天Jason老师继续给大家一些名词性从句的范例，然后分析下结构。

看句子

I heard that you’re settled down,

I heard that you found a girlandyou’re married now.

I heard that your dreams came true.

I had hoped you’d see my face and that you’d be reminded

大家记不记得名词是某物或某人的称呼？名词从句是很长的由很多词组成的名词。当然有限定动词的存在，要不然就只算是名词短语了。

与名词一样，名词从句可以用代词替代。代词不仅限于 I, you, me, it, they 等。我们可以说

this song ⇒ this,

these songs ⇒ these,

that song ⇒ that.但是that这个词要特别注意。通常我们分析句子结构时，关注的是单词是如何使用的。下面的例句中，that是名词性从句的引导词，或者是Jason老师所写句子中的代词。

1. I heard that you’re settled down,

= I heard this. OR it. OR that.

2. I heard that you found a girland (that) you’re married now.

= I heard this / it / that and this / it / that.

3. I heard that your dreams came true.

= I heard this / it / that.

4. I had hoped (that)you’d see my faceand that you’d be reminded

= I had hoped this / it / that and this / it / that.

注没注意到名词从句引导词that后面连接着一个句子（从句）。That省略不省略后面都有一个句子。

这些例句都是间接引语，你发现了吗？

记住

名词从句是从属分句

名词从句的引导词是从属连词

名词从句的引导词that也是关系从句的引导词。在关系从句中，that是代词，可以用which和who代替。这也是判断名词性从句和关系从句的方法。

I guess she gave you things (that) I didn’t give to you. 关系从句

=I guess she gave you things (which) I didn’t give to you. 关系从句

The singer that wrote those songs is from England. 关系从句

= The singer who wrote those songs is from England. 关系从句

在名词从句中that不是代词，不能用which或者who代替。

The rumour that Aliceis going to retire is not true.

不可以变成：The rumour which Alice is going to retire is not true.

I heard that your dreams came true.

不可以变成：I heard which your dreams came true.

判断是否为关系从句还是名词从句还有一个简单的方法，名词性从句引导词that后面接的是一个句子。

I heard that you found a girl

是that 加上句子:You found a girl.名词从句

I heard that your dreams came true

是 tha加上句子:Your dreams came true.名词从句

关系从句中that后面接的不是句子。

I guess she gave you things (that) I didn’t give to you. that后面是一个不完整的句子

The singer who wrote those songsis from England. who后面也不是一个完整的句子

关系从句引导词that, who, which, whom, whose后面接的都不是句子。

名词性从句引导词that不能接在介词后面

The audience were delighted by that she sang.是不对的

但是可以是：

> The audience were delighted by what she sang.

> The audience were delighted by how she sang.

They listened attentively to that she said. 是错的

但是这样可以：

> They listened attentively to what she said.

wh开头的引导词不能接在形容词后面

The audience were delighted what she sang. 这样是不可以的

应该是： The audience were delighted by what she sang.

She was sorry why she had to cancel a concert.

应该是：She was sorry that she had to cancel a concert.

只有少数形容词，比如sure和certain后面可以接引导词what,whether

I’m not sure what she sang first.

I’m not certain whether Alice sang “Hello” at her last concert.

这些是我们在学习名词从句时需要注意的内容。记住英语语法规则的最好方法就是大量阅读和倾听，而不是死记硬背一大堆规则。读的越多，听的越多，使用的就越自然。

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