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自古以来,波斯珠宝闻名世界。从古代连接东、西方丝绸之路桥梁的伊朗语粟特人,到今天的波斯人仍然继承波斯珠宝行业。
在中国许多古籍都有记载波斯珠宝历史。“回回石头”便是波斯珠宝在中国的称呼。“回回石头”最早出现于元末人陶宗仪撰写的《南村辍耕录》,指古代波斯穆斯林人于各地经销的,产于波斯、等地区的各种、各色、各样的宝石。回回石头(波斯珠宝)用途有两方面:观赏性和药用性质。药用价值的波斯珠宝在《本草纲目》和《回回药方》等著作中都有记载。
红宝石、红玛瑙、红石榴石等红色的珠宝来自巴达赫尚省,绿松石、祖母绿(波斯语音译)来自尼沙布尔等地区。绿松石又称回回甸子。
大多数波斯珠宝(回回石头)在中国都是以波斯语音译来称呼,附波斯语原文:红宝石称呼“剌子”(لعل ),红玛瑙(عقیق),绿松石,助把璧(زمرد 祖母绿),玉(یشب )、阿吉吉(عقیق 回回玛瑙)、金精石(لاجورد青金石),鸦鹘/亚姑(یاقوت )،红石榴石(بجادی ),红尖晶石(بلخش )،新立石(سیلی )،班夫什石(بنفش )،玛兹奈比石(ماذنبی ),绿豆蝇(ذباب )،金刚石(ماس جید )等。在《回回馆译语》珍宝门都有记录这些波斯珠宝的波斯语名称及汉译名。
下面照片是来自今天伊朗的宝石工厂加工珠宝的过程,今天的伊朗波斯珠宝仍然领先于世界的佼佼者。
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