附:有些内容来源于网络。期待大家踊跃评论,比如:如何在ubuntu中实现windows/other Linux的功能等
基本配置
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停止、禁用network-manager
先停止:sudo stop network-manager 禁止开机启动: echo "manual" | sudo tee /etc/init/network-manager.override 或 注释/etc/init/network-manager.conf的start on行 或 sudo initctl stop network-manager 禁用后只能通过networking来管理接口,查看networking服务状态: initctl status networking 并通过编辑文件/etc/network/interfaces来配置网口(方法如下) sudo restart networking
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IP设置(以eth0为例)
cat >>/etc/network/interfaces <<EOF auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.10.10.xxx netmask 255.255.254.0 gateway 10.10.10.254 EOF
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dns设置
方法1: sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 方法2:(这个文件默认是空的) sudo vim /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base nameserver 8.8.4.4 nameserver 8.8.8.8 resolvconf -u 验证下:dig cnet.com 注意:不建议直接修改/etc/resolv.conf,重启后此设置将无效!
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添加用户并强制用户首次登陆修改密码
先添加用户,命令如下: sudo adduser --home /home/testing --quiet --uid 1001 testing 设置密码过期,则用户首次登陆必须修改密码 sudo chage -d 0 testing 由于以上方式创建的用户home目录对于其他用户也是可读的(不安全) drwxr-xr-x 2 testing testing 4096 5?10 13:48 testing/ 建议修改权限(禁止同组和其他用户读写): chmod 700 ~testing/ 不建议用useradd来添加用户,无法自动创建home目录和拷贝相关/etc/skel下的文件
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vi临时提权保存修改的文件
:w !sudo tee %
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修改/etc/sudoers来给用户授权
# User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL # Members of the admin group may gain root privileges %admin ALL=(ALL) ALL # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command %sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL # Allow members of group OSP_Group to execute apt-get command %OSP_Group ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/apt-get #将需要授权的用户加入到组OSP_Group
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配置apt-get等其他程序使用代理联网(非root用户,还须更改下面sudo的配置)
vi ~/.bashrc 加入行: export http_proxy=http://www.ProxyServer.com:3128 export ftp_proxy=http://www.ProxyServer.com:3128 export https_proxy=http://www.ProxyServer.com:3128
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使sudo调用当前用户的环境变量(默认会重置环境变量并只使用自身配置文件中的变量)
sudo vi /etc/sudoers #Defaults env_reset Defaults !env_reset
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配置docker使用代理联网
sudo vi /etc/default/docker # If you need Docker to use an HTTP proxy, it can also be specified here. #export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:3128/" export http_proxy="http://www.ProxyServer.com:3128" export ftp_proxy="http://www.ProxyServer.com:3128" export https_proxy="http://www.ProxyServer.com:3128"
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禁用所有接口dhcp
sudo apt-get remove isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common
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无线网卡驱动安装(以ThinkPad X240的网卡RTL8192EE为例)
lshw -c network #查看现有网络设备状态,也可用lspci git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new cd rtlwifi_new sudo make sudo make install sudo reboot
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mirrors站点配置
vi /etc/hosts添加如下内容: 91.189.91.24 security.ubuntu.com 112.124.140.210 cn.archive.ubuntu.com
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安装包(以安装java7为例)
如果不知道包的具体名字,可以先从库里模糊查找来获取包名: sudo apt-cache search jdk 然后,安装相关包: sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk openjdk-7-jre openjdk-7-jre-headless 根据文件名来查看所属包: root@cnet:~# dpkg -S /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java openjdk-7-jre-headless:amd64: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java 根据包来查看其所有的文件: root@cnet:~# dpkg -L openjdk-7-jre-headless /. /usr /usr/lib /usr/lib/jvm /usr/lib/jvm/.java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64.jinfo /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man 。。。。。。 查看是否已安装jdk相关包: root@cnet:~# dpkg -l |grep jdk|less ii openjdk-7-dbg:amd64 7u79-2.5.6-0ubuntu1.14.04.1 amd64 Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols) ii openjdk-7-demo 7u79-2.5.6-0ubuntu1.14.04.1 amd64 Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples) ii openjdk-7-doc 7u79-2.5.6-0ubuntu1.14.04.1 all OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation ii openjdk-7-jdk:amd64 7u79-2.5.6-0ubuntu1.14.04.1 amd64 OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) ii openjdk-7-jre:amd64 7u79-2.5.6-0ubuntu1.14.04.1 amd64 OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
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安装ssh/vncserver/xfce4
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get remove openssh-client gnome-terminal (现有gnome-terminal,openssh-client有bug) sudo apt-get -y install openssh-client openssh-server vnc4server xfce4-terminal xfce4
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安装配置KVM和Openvswitch
sudo grep -E 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo #确保主机已开启cpu虚拟化支持 sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm qemu-system libvirt-bin virt-manager bridge-utils sudo lsmod |grep kvm #确保kvm、kvm_intel模块已载入 sudo apt-get install openvswitch-controller openvsiwtch-switch openvswitch-datapath-source
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解决Terminal中无法用Tab自动补全命令
sudo vi /etc/bash.bashrc 找到文件中的下列代码: #if ! shopt -oq posix; then # if [-f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then # . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion # elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion]; then # . /etc/bash_completion # fi #fi 将注释符号#去掉 source /etc/bash.bashrc
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配置桌面为xfce4的vnc
vncserver :1 vncserver -kill :1 配置~/.vnc/xstartup内容如下: unset SESSION_MANAGER unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS [ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup [ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources xsetroot -solid grey vncconfig -iconic & xfce4-session &
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ubuntu的tftp服务器配置
apt-get install tftp-hpa tftpd-hpa mkdir /tftpboot sudo chmod 0777 /tftpboot sudo touch test.txt sudo vi /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/tftpboot" # 这里是你的tftpd-hpa的服务目录,这个想建立在哪里都行 TFTP_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="-l -c -s" # 这里是选项,-c是可以上传文件的参数,-s是指定tftpd-hpa服务目录,上面已经指定 sudo service tftpd-hpa restart tftp 127.0.0.1 tftp>get test.txt tftp>put test1.txt tftp>q
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配置安装telnetd服务
sudo apt-get install xinetd telnetd 编辑文件/etc/xinetd.conf,并改后文件如下: # Simple configuration file for xinetd # # Some defaults, and include /etc/xinetd.d/ defaults { # Please note that you need a log_type line to be able to use log_on_success # and log_on_failure. The default is the following : # log_type = SYSLOG daemon info instances = 60 log_type = SYSLOG authpriv log_on_success = HOST PID log_on_failure = HOST cps = 25 30 } 另外可以修改telnet的监听端口,编辑文件/etc/services的如下行: telnet 23/tcp 创建或编辑文件/etc/xinetd.d/telnet,使其内容如下: # default: on # description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses # unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication. service telnet { disable = no flags = REUSE socket_type = stream wait = no user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd log_on_failure += USERID only_from = 192.168.25.0/24 #Only users in 192.168.25.0 can access to } 启动telnet服务: sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd restart 注意:相关telnet日志将写入/var/log/auth.log (方便排障)
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配置nis client(需在console/图形界面里操作)
sudo apt-get install nis 按提示输入nisdomain 在/etc/yp.conf中添加nis服务器映射条目 domain nis.yourdomain server 10.X.X.X 修改/etc/nsswitch.conf项目如下 passwd: compat nis group: compat nis shadow: compat nis hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns nis sudo service ypbind restart ypcat passwd (查看用户数据)
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配置nfs client
sudo apt-get install nfs-common 修改/etc/idmapd.conf项目如下 Domain = yourdomain.com initctl restart idmapd mount -t nfs nfs.yourdomain.com:/home /home 修改/etc/fstab添加开机挂载nfs条目 nfs.yourdomain.com:/home /home nfs defaults 0 0
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配置vsftpd(PAM认证)
sudo apt-get install vsftpd mkdir /home/OSP_DATA #创建ftp的根目录 修改配置 /etc/vsftpd.conf,内容如下 listen=YES anonymous_enable=NO local_enable=YES dirmessage_enable=YES use_localtime=YES xferlog_enable=YES connect_from_port_20=YES xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log ftpd_banner=Welcome to OSP_Group FTP service. chroot_local_user=YES secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty pam_service_name=vsftpd rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key local_root=/home/OSP_DATA #将目录/home/OSP_DATA设置为ftp的根,否则会开放整个系统根/(非常不安全) 重启服务: sudo service vsftpd restart
其他
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64bit系统编译安装32bit的Openssl
setarch i486 ./config \ --prefix=/opt/openssl-1.0.2c-test \ no-zlib no-shared no-dso -m32 386 Use the 80386 instruction set only (the default x86 code is more efficient, but requires at least a 486). Note: Use compiler flags for any other CPU specific configuration, e.g. "-m32" to build x86 code on an x64 system.
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ubuntu禁用usb-storage
echo "blacklist usb-storage" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf sudo update-initramfs -u
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kvm中ubuntu运行异常的解决方法
问题描述
1. 登录后无法显示桌面标题栏和菜单
2. cpu使用率100%
解决方法
sudo apt-get remove xserver-xorg-video-qxl
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