想改掉旧的行为模式？希望名人的成功策略可以应用在自己身上？ 了解“习惯”是第一步
1 什么是习惯？
习惯是经常重复的行为动作，容易在潜意识中发生。
1903年,《美国心理学杂志》给出了定义,“从心理学的角度来看，一种或多或少固定的思维方式，意愿或通过先前重复的心理经历而获得的感觉的习惯”。表现出行为的人通常不会注意到其行为，因为在执行日常任务时，人们不需要进行自我分析。
而习惯有时是强制性的。通过养成习惯的过程，新的行为会变得自动化。旧的习惯很难打破，新的习惯很难形成，因为人类重复的行为模式已在神经通路中留下印记，但是也有可能通过重复形成新的习惯。
习惯形成是一种行为，通过定期重复，该行为变为自动或习惯性行为。这被建模为自动化的提高，其中重复次数达到渐近线。习惯养成的过程可能很慢。Lally等研究者在2010年发现参与者达到自动渐近线的平均时间为66天，范围为18-254天。
很多影视人物或者现在很多的名人传记里提到他们一路是怎样逆袭走向成功，很大的原因就是他们在人生中的某个重要阶段，下定了决心，开始养成某种习惯，这个习惯可能是每天早起，每天阅读3小时，每天运动2小时等。这些改变在起初，需要极大的毅力才能咬牙坚持住，直到成为一种习惯，正在这些习惯，让他们变得更加优秀，从平凡中脱颖而出。
2 形成习惯的3要素
随着习惯的形成，可以将其分为三个部分：提示，行为和奖励。
提示是引起习惯产生的事物，是习惯行为的触发。这可能是一个人的头脑与该习惯相关联的任何事物，并且一个人会自动让一种习惯浮出水面。行为是一个人表现出的实际习惯，奖赏是一种积极的感觉，因此延续了“习惯循环”。习惯最初可能是由目标触发的，但随着时间的流逝，该目标变得不再必要，并且习惯变得更加自动化。
购物习惯特别容易在“重要时刻”发生变化，例如毕业，结婚，生第一个孩子，搬到新家和离婚。一些商店使用购买数据来尝试检测这些事件并利用营销机会。
例如当用户开始购买奶粉和纸尿裤时，系统收集数据分析出该用户的的新生儿性别、个数、年龄，并开始推送相应的产品。由此可见，“习惯”也可以被数字化。
有些习惯被称为“基石习惯”，而这些习惯会影响其他习惯的形成。例如，识别为照顾自己的身体并有规律锻炼的习惯的人的类型，也可能会影响饮食质量，减少使用信用卡。在业务中，安全可能是影响其他习惯的主要习惯，从而提高了生产率。
3 习惯是潜意识里的人物自我设定
目标界面或交互作用受到习惯的记忆和在记忆中的特定表达方式的约束。具体地说，联想学习的基本习惯的特征是随着时间的推移，过程记忆中信息的缓慢增量累积。习惯可以使一个人为自己设定的目标受益或损害。
目标通过提供针对结果重复的初始结果导向动机来引导习惯。从这个意义上讲，习惯通常是过去追求目标的痕迹。虽然，当一种习惯迫使一种行为发生，但是有意识的目标促使另一种行为发生时，就会产生一种对立的语境。当习惯胜过有意识的目标时，就会发生信息捕获错误。行为预测也来自目标。行为预测是为了承认习惯形成的可能性，但是为了形成习惯，必须首先提出目标。目标对习惯的影响使习惯与头脑中的其他自动过程有所不同。
简单来说，当一个人认为成为一名成功的企业家需要随时收集身边的数据，当他开始在生活中养成收集数据的习惯，却忽略了要去归纳总结数据的能力，这样只会让他重复做无用功却依旧没有丝毫成长。因此，当有一个有了目标导向并去设立习惯时，应做好全方位的分析，再去坚持。
以下是英文版本的总结：
1.A habit is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur subconsciously.
2.The American Journal of Psychology (1903) defines a "habit, from the standpoint of psychology, a more or less fixed way of thinking, willing, or feeling acquired through previous repetition of a mental experience." Habitual behavior often goes unnoticed in persons exhibiting it, because a person does not need to engage in self-analysis when undertaking routine tasks. Habits are sometimes compulsory. New behaviors can become automatic through the process of habit formation. Old habits are hard to break and new habits are hard to form because the behavioral patterns which humans repeat become imprinted in neural pathways, but it is possible to form new habits through repetition.
3.Habit formation is the process by which a behavior, through regular repetition, becomes automatic or habitual. This is modelled as an increase in automaticity with number of repetitions up to an asymptote. This process of habit formation can be slow. Lally et al. (2010) found the average time for participants to reach the asymptote of automaticity was 66 days with a range of 18–254 days.
4.As the habit is forming, it can be analysed in three parts: the cue, the behavior, and the reward. The cue is the thing that causes the habit to come about, the trigger of the habitual behavior. This could be anything that one's mind associates with that habit and one will automatically let a habit come to the surface. The behavior is the actual habit that one exhibits, and the reward, a positive feeling, therefore continues the "habit loop". A habit may initially be triggered by a goal, but over time that goal becomes less necessary and the habit becomes more automatic.
5.Shopping habits are particularly vulnerable to change at "major life moments" like graduation, marriage, birth of first child, moving to a new home, and divorce. Some stores use purchase data to try to detect these events and take advantage of the marketing opportunity.
6.Some habits are known as "keystone habits", and these influence the formation of other habits. For example, identifying as the type of person who takes care of their body and is in the habit of exercising regularly, can also influence eating better and using credit cards less. In business, safety can be a keystone habit that influences other habits that result in greater productivity.
7.The habit–goal interface or interaction is constrained by the particular manner in which habits are learned and represented in memory. Specifically, the associative learning underlying habits is characterized by the slow, incremental accrual of information over time in procedural memory. Habits can either benefit or hurt the goals a person sets for themselves.
8.Goals guide habits by providing the initial outcome-oriented motivation for response repetition. In this sense, habits are often a trace of past goal pursuit. Although, when a habit forces one action, but a conscious goal pushes for another action, an oppositional context occurs. When the habit prevails over the conscious goal, a capture error has taken place.
9.Behavior prediction is also derived from goals. Behavior prediction is to acknowledge the likelihood that a habit will form, but in order to form that habit, a goal must have been initially present. The influence of goals on habits is what makes a habit different from other automatic processes in the mind。
10. To put it simply, when a person thinks that becoming a successful entrepreneur needs to collect data around him at any time, when he begins to develop the habit of collecting data in his life, he ignores the ability to summarize and summarize the data, which only makes He repeatedly did useless work but still did not grow at all. Therefore, when one has a goal orientation and establishes habits, he should do a full range of analysis and then persist.
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