2018-06-22

作者: 如果我名王玉珏 | 来源:发表于2018-06-22 23:39 被阅读4次

IRRATIONAL APPEAL TO COMMON BELIEF

A rational appeal to common belief says, “Most people believe this,” and goes on to show the reasonableness of the belief. An irrational appeal to common belief says, “Believe this because most people believe it.” Such irrational appeals are often accompanied by statements such as “Everyone knows that,” “No reasonable person would deny that,” or “It’s common sense.” The problem is, many ideas that were at one time accepted as common sense—sacrificing virgins to ensure a good harvest and abandoning babies to die because they were thought to be cursed, for example—are now recognized as uncommon nonsense or worse. The fact that many or most people believe something is not a sufficient reason for us to believe it.

对共同信仰的非理性诉求

一个对共同信仰的理性诉求说,“大部分人相信这个,”并且继续展示这个信仰的无理。一个对共同信仰的非理性诉求说“因为大部分人相信它所以相信它。”这种非理性诉求经常伴随着像这种的声明“大家都知道这个,”“理性的人都不会否认它,”或者“它是常识。”问题是,许多想法一度被认为是常识——献祭处女保证好收成还有遗弃婴儿致死因为他们被认为是被诅咒的,比如——现在被视为不寻常的胡说八道或错误。事实上很多或大部分人相信一些事不是充分的。

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