1.MVC简介
MVC是Model-View-Controller的简称,即模型-视图-控制器。MVC是一种设计模式,它把应用程序分成三个核心模块:模型,视图,控制器,它们各自处理自己的任务。
模型(体现在下图中的POJO和数据库)是应用程序的主体部分,表示业务数据和业务逻辑。一个模型能为多个视图提供数据。由于应用于模型的代码只需要写一次就可以被多个视图重用,所以提高了代码的可重用性。
视图是用户看到并与之交互的界面,可以向用户显示相关的数据,也可以接收用户的输入,但是不进行任何实际的业务处理。
控制器接收请求,获取请求参数,调用DAO方法,决定用哪个模型组件去处理请求,然后决定调用哪个视图来显示模型处理返回的数据。
MVC模式处理过程逻辑放在servlet中,显示交给jsp。客户端发请求到服务器,服务器调用servlet,servlet作为一个控制器,接收请求,根据请求的相关逻辑情况去调用java类的方法,由java类完成业务逻辑跟访问数据库的操作,然后servlet根据pojo的返回结果,转向不同的jsp页面,
jsp完成显示的功能。
2.MVC案例之查询
MySql数据库中的数据内容为:
例如,现有需求需要实现在网页点击超链接,可以在页面显示参加考试的学生的所有信息(学生的考试信息存储在数据库中)。设计思路如下图所示,首先点击网页的超链接listAllExamStudent,发送get请求到servlet,由服务器调用servlet的doGet方法,在doGet()方法中需要做到:①.调用ExamStudentDao的getAll()方法返回学生的List对象;②.把1得到的List放入request中;③.请求的转发到student.jsp;
实现代码:
点击网页的超链接listAllExamStudent,发送get请求到servlet。searchTest.jsp
<body>
<a href="listAllStudent">listAllStudents</a>
</body>
listAllStudentServlet.java
package com.javaWebMVCTest;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.List;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;public class listAllStudentServlet extends HttpServlet {public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { studentDao studentdao=new studentDao();
//调用ExamStudentDao的getAll()方法返回学生的List对象; List students=studentdao.getAll();
//把1得到的List放入request中 request.setAttribute("students", students);
//请求的转发到student.jsp request.getRequestDispatcher("/jspTest/students.jsp").forward(request,response);}}
在web.xml中进行配置:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>listAllStudentServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.javaWebMVCTest.listAllStudentServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>listAllStudentServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/listAllStudent</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
/listAllStudent映射的地址为searchTest.jsp中超链接的链接地址。
student.java
package com.javaWebMVCTest;
public class student {
private Integer flow_id;
private int Type;
private String id_card;
private String exam_card;
private String student_name;
private String Location;
private int Grade;
public Integer getFlow_id() {
return flow_id;
}
public void setFlow_id(Integer flow_id) {
this.flow_id = flow_id;
}
public int getType() {
return Type;
}
public void setType(int type) {
Type = type;
}
public String getId_card() {
return id_card;
}
public void setId_card(String id_card) {
this.id_card = id_card;
}
public String getExam_card() {
return exam_card;
}
public void setExam_card(String exam_card) {
this.exam_card = exam_card;
}
public String getStudent_name() {
return student_name;
}
public void setStudent_name(String student_name) {
this.student_name = student_name;
}
public String getLocation() {
return Location;
}
public void setLocation(String location) {
Location = location;
}
public int getGrade() {
return Grade;
}
public void setGrade(int grade) {
Grade = grade;
}
public student(Integer flow_id, int type, String id_card, String exam_card, String student_name, String location,
int grade) {
super();
this.flow_id = flow_id;
Type = type;
this.id_card = id_card;
this.exam_card = exam_card;
this.student_name = student_name;
Location = location;
Grade = grade;
}
public student(){}
}
连接数据库及查询的操作:studentDao.java
package com.javaWebMVCTest;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.javaWebMVCTest.student;
public class studentDao {
public List<student> getAll(){
List<student> stus=new ArrayList<>();
Connection connection=null;
PreparedStatement preparedstament=null;
ResultSet resultset=null;
try{
String driverClass="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
Class.forName(driverClass);
System.out.println("数据库驱动加载成功!");
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:"+"//localhost:3303/students?autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false","root","0404");
System.out.println("数据库连接成功!");
String sql="SELECT flow_id,Type,id_card,exam_card,student_name,Location,Grade FROM students";
preparedstament=connection.prepareStatement(sql);
resultset=preparedstament.executeQuery();
while (resultset.next()){
int flow_id=resultset.getInt(1);
int Type=resultset.getInt(2);
String id_card=resultset.getString(3);
String exam_card=resultset.getString(4);
String student_name=resultset.getString(5);
String Location=resultset.getString(6);
int Grade=resultset.getInt(7);
student students=new student(flow_id,Type,id_card,exam_card,student_name,Location,Grade);
stus.add(students);
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
try{
if (connection!=null){
connection.close();
}
}catch(SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
try{
if (preparedstament!=null){
preparedstament.close();
}
}catch(SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
try{
if (resultset!=null){
resultset.close();
}
}catch(SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return stus;
}
}
显示信息的跳转页面:students.jsp
<body>
<%
List<student> stus=(List<student>)request.getAttribute("students");
%>
<table>
<tr>
<th>flow_id</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>id_card</th>
<th>exam_card</th>
<th>student_name</th>
<th>Location</th>
<th>Grade</th>
</tr>
<%
for(student stu:stus){
%>
<tr>
<td><%=stu.getFlow_id() %></td>
<td><%=stu.getType() %></td>
<td><%=stu.getId_card() %></td>
<td><%=stu.getExam_card() %></td>
<td><%=stu.getStudent_name() %></td>
<td><%=stu.getLocation() %></td>
<td><%=stu.getGrade() %></td>
</tr>
<%
}
%>
</table>
</body>
运行后显示:
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