iOS-浅谈RunLoop

作者: 梦蕊dream | 来源:发表于2018-08-23 17:41 被阅读72次

    前言:本文简述RunLoop相关内容,如有错误请留言指正。

    Q:什么是RunLoop?

    运行循环,在程序运行过程中循环做一些事情

    Q:RunLoop的应用?

    • 定时器(Timer)、PerformSelector
    • GCD Async Main Queue
    • 事件响应、手势识别、界面刷新
    • 网络请求
    • AutoreleasePool

    Q:RunLoop什么作用?

    • 保持程序的持续运行
    • 处理App中的各种事件(比如触摸事件、定时器事件等)
    • 节省CPU资源,提高程序性能:该做事时做事,该休息时休息
    • ......

    Q:RunLoop对象?如何获取?

    iOS中有2套API来访问和使用RunLoop:

    • Foundation:NSRunLoop,是基于CFRunLoopRef的一层OC包装
    • Core Foundation:CFRunLoopRef,是开源的https://opensource.apple.com/tarballs/CF/
    • 二者的内存地址是不同的,可以理解为CFRunLoopRef包含NSRunLoop

    获取RunLoop对象:
    1.Foundation:

    [NSRunLoop currentRunLoop]; // 获得当前线程的RunLoop对象
    [NSRunLoop mainRunLoop]; // 获得主线程的RunLoop对象
    

    2.Core Foundation

    CFRunLoopGetCurrent(); // 获得当前线程的RunLoop对象
    CFRunLoopGetMain(); // 获得主线程的RunLoop对象
    

    Q:RunLoop与线程之间关系?

    • 每条线程都有唯一的一个与之对应的RunLoop对象
    • RunLoop保存在一个全局的Dictionary里,线程作为key,RunLoop作为value
    • 线程刚创建时并没有RunLoop对象,RunLoop会在第一次获取它时创建
    • RunLoop会在线程结束时销毁
    • 主线程的RunLoop已经自动获取(创建),子线程默认没有开启RunLoop

    RunLoop源码解读

    CFRunLoop:
    struct __CFRunLoop {
        CFRuntimeBase _base;
        pthread_mutex_t _lock;          /* locked for accessing mode list */
        __CFPort _wakeUpPort;           // used for CFRunLoopWakeUp 
        Boolean _unused;
        volatile _per_run_data *_perRunData;              // reset for runs of the run loop
        pthread_t _pthread;//线程
        uint32_t _winthread;
        CFMutableSetRef _commonModes;
        CFMutableSetRef _commonModeItems;
        CFRunLoopModeRef _currentMode;
        CFMutableSetRef _modes;
        struct _block_item *_blocks_head;
        struct _block_item *_blocks_tail;
        CFAbsoluteTime _runTime;
        CFAbsoluteTime _sleepTime;
        CFTypeRef _counterpart;
    };
    
    CFRunLoopMode:
    struct __CFRunLoopMode {
        CFRuntimeBase _base;
        pthread_mutex_t _lock;  /* must have the run loop locked before locking this */
        CFStringRef _name;
        Boolean _stopped;
        char _padding[3];
        CFMutableSetRef _sources0;
        CFMutableSetRef _sources1;
        CFMutableArrayRef _observers;
        CFMutableArrayRef _timers;
        CFMutableDictionaryRef _portToV1SourceMap;
        __CFPortSet _portSet;
        CFIndex _observerMask;
    }
    
    总结为:
    struct __CFRunLoop {
        pthread_t _pthread;
        CFMutableSetRef _commonModes;
        CFMutableSetRef _commonModeItems;
        CFRunLoopModeRef _currentMode;
        CFMutableSetRef _modes;
    };
    
    CFRunLoopMode:
    struct __CFRunLoopMode {
        CFStringRef _name;
        CFMutableSetRef _sources0;
        CFMutableSetRef _sources1;
        CFMutableArrayRef _observers;
        CFMutableArrayRef _timers;
    }
    

    CFRunLoopMode

    • CFRunLoopModeRef代表RunLoop的运行模式
    • 一个RunLoop包含若干个Mode,每个Mode又包含若干个Source0/Source1/Timer/Observer
    • RunLoop启动时只能选择其中一个Mode,作为currentMode
    • 如果需要切换Mode,只能退出当前Loop,再重新选择一个Mode进入
    • 不同组的Source0/Source1/Timer/Observer能分隔开来,互不影响
    • 如果Mode里没有任何Source0/Source1/Timer/Observer,RunLoop会立马退出

    常见的2种Mode:

    • kCFRunLoopDefaultMode(NSDefaultRunLoopMode):App的默认Mode,通常主线程是在这个Mode下运行
    • UITrackingRunLoopMode:界面跟踪 Mode,用于 ScrollView 追踪触摸滑动,保证界面滑动时不受其他 Mode 影响

    Q:Source、Timer、Observer简单说明?

    Source0
    触摸事件处理
    performSelector:onThread:

    Source1
    基于Port的线程间通信
    系统事件捕捉
    Source1捕捉,封装给Source0处理

    Timers
    NSTimer
    performSelector:withObject:afterDelay:

    Observers
    用于监听RunLoop的状态
    UI刷新(BeforeWaiting)
    Autorelease pool(BeforeWaiting)

    Q:CFRunLoopObserverRef几种状态

    如下代码:

    /* Run Loop Observer Activities */
    typedef CF_OPTIONS(CFOptionFlags, CFRunLoopActivity) {
        kCFRunLoopEntry = (1UL << 0),//即将进入RunLoop
        kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers = (1UL << 1),//即将处理Timer
        kCFRunLoopBeforeSources = (1UL << 2),//即将处理Source
        kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting = (1UL << 5),//等待休眠
        kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting = (1UL << 6),//休眠中唤醒
        kCFRunLoopExit = (1UL << 7),//退出RunLoop
        kCFRunLoopAllActivities = 0x0FFFFFFFU
    };
    

    Q:如何给RunLoop添加Observer?

    {
     //创建Observer
    CFRunLoopObserverRef observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFRunLoopAllActivities, YES, 0, observeRunLoopActicities, NULL);
    // 添加Observer到RunLoop中
    CFRunLoopAddObserver(CFRunLoopGetMain(), observer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
    // 释放
    CFRelease(observer);
    }
    
    void observeRunLoopActicities(CFRunLoopObserverRef observer, CFRunLoopActivity activity, void *info)
    {
        switch (activity) {
            case kCFRunLoopEntry:
                NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopEntry");
                break;
            case kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers:
                NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers");
                break;
            case kCFRunLoopBeforeSources:
                NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeSources");
                break;
            case kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting:
                NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting");
                break;
            case kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting:
                NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting");
                break;
            case kCFRunLoopExit:
                NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopExit");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    

    快捷方法:

    // 创建Observer
    CFRunLoopObserverRef observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreateWithHandler(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFRunLoopAllActivities, YES, 0, ^(CFRunLoopObserverRef observer, CFRunLoopActivity activity) {
        switch (activity) {
            case kCFRunLoopEntry: {
                //C/C++中带有Create和Copy的方法必须释放
                CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
                NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopEntry - %@", mode);
                CFRelease(mode);
                break;
            }
                
            case kCFRunLoopExit: {
                CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
                NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopExit - %@", mode);
                CFRelease(mode);
                break;
            }
                
            default:
                break;
        }
    });
    // 添加Observer到RunLoop中
    CFRunLoopAddObserver(CFRunLoopGetMain(), observer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
    // 释放
    CFRelease(observer);
    

    Q:RunLoop的运行逻辑?

    01、通知Observers:进入Loop
    02、通知Observers:即将处理Timers
    03、通知Observers:即将处理Sources
    04、处理Blocks
    05、处理Source0(可能会再次处理Blocks)
    06、如果存在Source1,就跳转到第8步
    07、通知Observers:开始休眠(等待消息唤醒)
    08、通知Observers:结束休眠(被某个消息唤醒)
      01> 处理Timer
      02> 处理GCD Async To Main Queue
      03> 处理Source1
    09、处理Blocks
    10、根据前面的执行结果,决定如何操作
      01> 回到第02步
      02> 退出Loop
    11、通知Observers:退出Loop

    RunLoop运行逻辑图

    Q:RunLoop休眠原理?

    等待消息

    • 没有消息就让线程休眠
    • 有消息就唤醒线程
    RunLoop休眠原理图

    RunLoop应用:线程保活

    Q:如何达到线程保活效果?

    @interface ViewController ()
    @property (strong, nonatomic) NSThread *thread;
    @end
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        
        self.thread = [[MJThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
        [self.thread start];
    }
    
    - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
        [self performSelector:@selector(test) onThread:self.thread withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
    }
    
    // 子线程需要执行的任务
    - (void)test{
        NSLog(@"%s %@", __func__, [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    
    // 这个方法的目的:线程保活
    - (void)run {
        NSLog(@"%s %@", __func__, [NSThread currentThread]);
        
        // 往RunLoop里面添加Source\Timer\Observer
        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addPort:[[NSPort alloc] init] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
        NSLog(@"%s ----end----", __func__);
    }
    

    上述代码会引发的问题:因为线程不会销毁导致控制器也不会销毁,initWithTarget方法使线程对控制器强引用了。

    线程保活、控制销毁

    @interface ViewController ()
    @property (strong, nonatomic) MJThread *thread;
    @property (assign, nonatomic, getter=isStoped) BOOL stopped;
    @end
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        
        __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
        
        self.stopped = NO;
        self.thread = [[MJThread alloc] initWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"%@----begin----", [NSThread currentThread]);
            
            // 往RunLoop里面添加Source\Timer\Observer
            [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addPort:[[NSPort alloc] init] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
            while (!weakSelf.isStoped) {
                [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate distantFuture]];
            }
            
            NSLog(@"%@----end----", [NSThread currentThread]);
            
            // NSRunLoop的run方法是无法停止的,它专门用于开启一个永不销毁的线程(NSRunLoop)
            //        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
            /*
             it runs the receiver in the NSDefaultRunLoopMode by repeatedly invoking runMode:beforeDate:.
             In other words, this method effectively begins an infinite loop that processes data from the run loop’s input sources and timers
             */
        }];
        [self.thread start];
    }
    
    - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
        [self performSelector:@selector(test) onThread:self.thread withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
    }
    
    // 子线程需要执行的任务
    - (void)test{
        NSLog(@"%s %@", __func__, [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    
    - (void)stop {
        // 在子线程调用stop
        [self performSelector:@selector(stopThread) onThread:self.thread withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
    }
    
    // 用于停止子线程的RunLoop
    - (void)stopThread{
        // 设置标记为NO
        self.stopped = YES;
        // 停止RunLoop
        CFRunLoopStop(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
        NSLog(@"%s %@", __func__, [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    

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