前言:本文简述RunLoop相关内容,如有错误请留言指正。
Q:什么是RunLoop?
运行循环,在程序运行过程中循环做一些事情
Q:RunLoop的应用?
- 定时器(Timer)、PerformSelector
- GCD Async Main Queue
- 事件响应、手势识别、界面刷新
- 网络请求
- AutoreleasePool
Q:RunLoop什么作用?
- 保持程序的持续运行
- 处理App中的各种事件(比如触摸事件、定时器事件等)
- 节省CPU资源,提高程序性能:该做事时做事,该休息时休息
- ......
Q:RunLoop对象?如何获取?
iOS中有2套API来访问和使用RunLoop:
- Foundation:NSRunLoop,是基于CFRunLoopRef的一层OC包装
- Core Foundation:CFRunLoopRef,是开源的https://opensource.apple.com/tarballs/CF/
- 二者的内存地址是不同的,可以理解为CFRunLoopRef包含NSRunLoop
获取RunLoop对象:
1.Foundation:
[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop]; // 获得当前线程的RunLoop对象
[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop]; // 获得主线程的RunLoop对象
2.Core Foundation
CFRunLoopGetCurrent(); // 获得当前线程的RunLoop对象
CFRunLoopGetMain(); // 获得主线程的RunLoop对象
Q:RunLoop与线程之间关系?
- 每条线程都有唯一的一个与之对应的RunLoop对象
- RunLoop保存在一个全局的Dictionary里,线程作为key,RunLoop作为value
- 线程刚创建时并没有RunLoop对象,RunLoop会在第一次获取它时创建
- RunLoop会在线程结束时销毁
- 主线程的RunLoop已经自动获取(创建),子线程默认没有开启RunLoop
RunLoop源码解读
CFRunLoop:
struct __CFRunLoop {
CFRuntimeBase _base;
pthread_mutex_t _lock; /* locked for accessing mode list */
__CFPort _wakeUpPort; // used for CFRunLoopWakeUp
Boolean _unused;
volatile _per_run_data *_perRunData; // reset for runs of the run loop
pthread_t _pthread;//线程
uint32_t _winthread;
CFMutableSetRef _commonModes;
CFMutableSetRef _commonModeItems;
CFRunLoopModeRef _currentMode;
CFMutableSetRef _modes;
struct _block_item *_blocks_head;
struct _block_item *_blocks_tail;
CFAbsoluteTime _runTime;
CFAbsoluteTime _sleepTime;
CFTypeRef _counterpart;
};
CFRunLoopMode:
struct __CFRunLoopMode {
CFRuntimeBase _base;
pthread_mutex_t _lock; /* must have the run loop locked before locking this */
CFStringRef _name;
Boolean _stopped;
char _padding[3];
CFMutableSetRef _sources0;
CFMutableSetRef _sources1;
CFMutableArrayRef _observers;
CFMutableArrayRef _timers;
CFMutableDictionaryRef _portToV1SourceMap;
__CFPortSet _portSet;
CFIndex _observerMask;
}
总结为:
struct __CFRunLoop {
pthread_t _pthread;
CFMutableSetRef _commonModes;
CFMutableSetRef _commonModeItems;
CFRunLoopModeRef _currentMode;
CFMutableSetRef _modes;
};
CFRunLoopMode:
struct __CFRunLoopMode {
CFStringRef _name;
CFMutableSetRef _sources0;
CFMutableSetRef _sources1;
CFMutableArrayRef _observers;
CFMutableArrayRef _timers;
}
CFRunLoopMode
- CFRunLoopModeRef代表RunLoop的运行模式
- 一个RunLoop包含若干个Mode,每个Mode又包含若干个Source0/Source1/Timer/Observer
- RunLoop启动时只能选择其中一个Mode,作为currentMode
- 如果需要切换Mode,只能退出当前Loop,再重新选择一个Mode进入
- 不同组的Source0/Source1/Timer/Observer能分隔开来,互不影响
- 如果Mode里没有任何Source0/Source1/Timer/Observer,RunLoop会立马退出
常见的2种Mode:
- kCFRunLoopDefaultMode(NSDefaultRunLoopMode):App的默认Mode,通常主线程是在这个Mode下运行
- UITrackingRunLoopMode:界面跟踪 Mode,用于 ScrollView 追踪触摸滑动,保证界面滑动时不受其他 Mode 影响
Q:Source、Timer、Observer简单说明?
Source0
触摸事件处理
performSelector:onThread:
Source1
基于Port的线程间通信
系统事件捕捉
Source1捕捉,封装给Source0处理
Timers
NSTimer
performSelector:withObject:afterDelay:
Observers
用于监听RunLoop的状态
UI刷新(BeforeWaiting)
Autorelease pool(BeforeWaiting)
Q:CFRunLoopObserverRef几种状态
如下代码:
/* Run Loop Observer Activities */
typedef CF_OPTIONS(CFOptionFlags, CFRunLoopActivity) {
kCFRunLoopEntry = (1UL << 0),//即将进入RunLoop
kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers = (1UL << 1),//即将处理Timer
kCFRunLoopBeforeSources = (1UL << 2),//即将处理Source
kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting = (1UL << 5),//等待休眠
kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting = (1UL << 6),//休眠中唤醒
kCFRunLoopExit = (1UL << 7),//退出RunLoop
kCFRunLoopAllActivities = 0x0FFFFFFFU
};
Q:如何给RunLoop添加Observer?
{
//创建Observer
CFRunLoopObserverRef observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFRunLoopAllActivities, YES, 0, observeRunLoopActicities, NULL);
// 添加Observer到RunLoop中
CFRunLoopAddObserver(CFRunLoopGetMain(), observer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
// 释放
CFRelease(observer);
}
void observeRunLoopActicities(CFRunLoopObserverRef observer, CFRunLoopActivity activity, void *info)
{
switch (activity) {
case kCFRunLoopEntry:
NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopEntry");
break;
case kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers:
NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers");
break;
case kCFRunLoopBeforeSources:
NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeSources");
break;
case kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting:
NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting");
break;
case kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting:
NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting");
break;
case kCFRunLoopExit:
NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopExit");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
快捷方法:
// 创建Observer
CFRunLoopObserverRef observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreateWithHandler(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFRunLoopAllActivities, YES, 0, ^(CFRunLoopObserverRef observer, CFRunLoopActivity activity) {
switch (activity) {
case kCFRunLoopEntry: {
//C/C++中带有Create和Copy的方法必须释放
CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopEntry - %@", mode);
CFRelease(mode);
break;
}
case kCFRunLoopExit: {
CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopExit - %@", mode);
CFRelease(mode);
break;
}
default:
break;
}
});
// 添加Observer到RunLoop中
CFRunLoopAddObserver(CFRunLoopGetMain(), observer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
// 释放
CFRelease(observer);
Q:RunLoop的运行逻辑?
01、通知Observers:进入Loop
02、通知Observers:即将处理Timers
03、通知Observers:即将处理Sources
04、处理Blocks
05、处理Source0(可能会再次处理Blocks)
06、如果存在Source1,就跳转到第8步
07、通知Observers:开始休眠(等待消息唤醒)
08、通知Observers:结束休眠(被某个消息唤醒)
01> 处理Timer
02> 处理GCD Async To Main Queue
03> 处理Source1
09、处理Blocks
10、根据前面的执行结果,决定如何操作
01> 回到第02步
02> 退出Loop
11、通知Observers:退出Loop
Q:RunLoop休眠原理?
等待消息
- 没有消息就让线程休眠
- 有消息就唤醒线程
RunLoop应用:线程保活
Q:如何达到线程保活效果?
@interface ViewController ()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSThread *thread;
@end
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.thread = [[MJThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
[self.thread start];
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
[self performSelector:@selector(test) onThread:self.thread withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
}
// 子线程需要执行的任务
- (void)test{
NSLog(@"%s %@", __func__, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
// 这个方法的目的:线程保活
- (void)run {
NSLog(@"%s %@", __func__, [NSThread currentThread]);
// 往RunLoop里面添加Source\Timer\Observer
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addPort:[[NSPort alloc] init] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
NSLog(@"%s ----end----", __func__);
}
上述代码会引发的问题:因为线程不会销毁导致控制器也不会销毁,initWithTarget方法使线程对控制器强引用了。
线程保活、控制销毁
@interface ViewController ()
@property (strong, nonatomic) MJThread *thread;
@property (assign, nonatomic, getter=isStoped) BOOL stopped;
@end
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
self.stopped = NO;
self.thread = [[MJThread alloc] initWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"%@----begin----", [NSThread currentThread]);
// 往RunLoop里面添加Source\Timer\Observer
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addPort:[[NSPort alloc] init] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
while (!weakSelf.isStoped) {
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate distantFuture]];
}
NSLog(@"%@----end----", [NSThread currentThread]);
// NSRunLoop的run方法是无法停止的,它专门用于开启一个永不销毁的线程(NSRunLoop)
// [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
/*
it runs the receiver in the NSDefaultRunLoopMode by repeatedly invoking runMode:beforeDate:.
In other words, this method effectively begins an infinite loop that processes data from the run loop’s input sources and timers
*/
}];
[self.thread start];
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
[self performSelector:@selector(test) onThread:self.thread withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
}
// 子线程需要执行的任务
- (void)test{
NSLog(@"%s %@", __func__, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
- (void)stop {
// 在子线程调用stop
[self performSelector:@selector(stopThread) onThread:self.thread withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
}
// 用于停止子线程的RunLoop
- (void)stopThread{
// 设置标记为NO
self.stopped = YES;
// 停止RunLoop
CFRunLoopStop(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
NSLog(@"%s %@", __func__, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
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