2018.6.19英译汉训练：长时间待在教室容易近视

The more years you spend in full-time education, the more short-sighted you are likely to be, according to a large UK study.

英国一项大型研究的结果显示，你接受的全日制教育的时间越长，你的近视程度就可能越高。

The link appears to be that students have too little exposure to bright natural light — and the antidote suggested by the researchers is for children to spend more of the day outdoors.

原因似乎是由于学生们接触到的明亮自然光太少，研究人员建议的解决办法是让孩子们白天在户外多待一段时间。

The study, carried out by Cardiff and Bristol university scientists, analysed information on the genetics, eyesight and educational background of 68,000 participants in the UK Biobank database.

这项由英国卡迪夫大学(Cardiff University)和布里斯托大学(University of Bristol)的科学家们开展的研究对英国生物样本库(UK Biobank)中6.8万名参与者的基因、视力和教育背景信息进行了分析。

The findings, published in the BMJ, imply that a graduate who spent 17 years in education is on average one dioptre more short-sighted that someone who left school at the age of 16 after spending 12 years in education. That deterioration is equivalent to the difference between having perfect vision and needing glasses to drive safely.

发表在《英国医学杂志》(BMJ)上的这篇研究报告显示，平均来说，一名受过17年教育的毕业生比一名受过12年教育、16岁就辍学的学生的近视程度要高100度。这种视力退化相当于拥有完美视力和需要戴眼镜才能安全驾驶之间的区别。

“With the rapid rise in the global prevalence of myopia and its vision-threatening complications, together with the economic burden of visual loss, the findings of this study have important implications for educational practices,” said Jez Guggenheim, of Cardiff University’s School of Optometry and Vision Sciences.

“由于近视及威胁视力的并发症的全球发病率的快速增加，以及视力损失的经济负担，这项研究成果对教育实践有着重要的意义，”卡迪夫大学视光学和视觉科学学院的杰斯•古根海姆(Jez Guggenheim)说。

“Policymakers should be aware that despite its undoubted benefits, education may also have the unintended consequence of causing increasing levels of myopia — and, potentially, visual disability in later life.”

“政策制定者应该意识到，尽管教育会带来毋庸置疑的好处，但也可能会导致近视加重——以及可能在以后的生活中出现视力残疾——这一始料未及的后果。”

Between 30 and 50 per cent of adults in Europe and North America are short-sighted — far more than in previous generations — and in some Asian countries levels of myopia have reached 80 to 90 per cent. People who are short-sighted at an early age are at higher risk of suffering more serious eye disorders later in life.

欧洲和北美成年人中有30%至50%眼睛近视，这一比例远远高于前几代，在一些亚洲国家，成年人近视率高达80%至90%。小时候就出现近视的人日后患更严重眼睛疾病的风险更高。

Previous research has reported an association between education and myopia but a causal link has not been established clearly. The BMJ study used a complex new technique called “bidirectional Mendelian randomisation” to demonstrate causation.

以往的研究已经报告了教育和近视之间的关联性，但还没有明确确立它们之间的因果关系。发表在《英国医学杂志》的这一研究报告使用了一种名为“双向孟德尔随机化”(bidirectional Mendelian randomisation)的复杂新技术来证明它们之间的因果关系。