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乳腺炎表现为乳房疼痛、红肿、灼热，有时还伴随乳房感染。
什么是乳腺炎呢？
Mastitis is a painful condition of the breast, which becomes red, hot and sore (inflamed). Sometimes it becomes infected.
What is mastitis?
乳腺炎是一种乳房炎症，通常是哺乳期女性乳房内乳汁积聚造成的。分为一下两种状况：
非传染性乳腺炎：当乳汁堆积时，会刺激乳腺组织，使其变红、变热、肿胀(发炎)。
感染性乳腺炎：皮肤上的细菌会造成感染，当乳汁堆积时，感染就会扩散到乳腺组织。
Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast, usually caused by a build-up of milk within the breast in women who are breastfeeding. It can be either:
Non-infectious - when the build-up of milk irritates the breast tissue, making it become red, hot and swollen (inflamed).
Infectious - when the build-up of milk becomes infected and the infection spreads to the breast tissue. The infection is caused by germs (bacteria) which may have come from the skin.
如果非感染性乳腺炎不及时治疗，就会变成感染性乳腺炎。但我们无法从表象判断病人得了哪种乳腺炎，并且两种乳腺炎的治疗方法是一样的。
哪种人会得乳腺炎呢？
If non-infectious mastitis is not treated, it can become infectious mastitis. You can't tell which type of mastitis it is from looking at it, and the treatment is the same.
Who gets mastitis?
哺乳期的女性最容易得乳腺炎，乳腺炎有时也叫“产后乳腺炎”或“哺乳期乳腺炎”。乳腺炎一般在哺乳期的前几周形成。（阅读哺乳期乳腺炎相关资料）
You are most likely to develop mastitis if you are a woman who is breastfeeding. It is sometimes called 'puerperal mastitis' or 'lactational mastitis'. It typically develops within the first few weeks of breast-feeding. Read about lactational mastitis.
有时，不在哺乳期的女性也会得乳腺炎(非哺乳期性乳腺炎)。细菌可能透过乳头缝隙、乳头疼痛部位或乳头穿孔进入乳导管，从而引起感染。但乳头健康的时候，细菌也可能造成感染。尼古丁会损伤乳导管，所以吸烟是乳腺炎的一大诱因。
Mastitis sometimes occurs in women who are not breastfeeding (non-lactational mastitis). Germs (bacteria) get into the milk ducts of the breast to cause the infection. This may be through a crack or sore in the nipple or from a nipple piercing but it can happen when you don't have any problems with your nipples. Smoking can be a trigger because nicotine damages the ducts in your breasts.
以下我们只讨论非哺乳期乳腺炎。
乳腺炎的症状有哪些？
乳腺炎会导致局部乳房发硬、疼痛、发红和肿胀，让病人感觉不舒服。乳腺炎通常从乳房的一个楔形部位开始，通常只有一个乳房会得乳腺炎。
病人还会像得了流感一样发高烧，还可能出现肌肉疼痛、头痛、感觉疲倦和情绪低落等症状。
The rest of this information just deals with non-lactational mastitis.
What are the symptoms of mastitis?
Mastitis causes an area of hardness, pain, redness and swelling in the breast and makes you feel generally unwell. It often starts in a wedge-shaped section of breast. It usually occurs in one breast only.
You also develop a high temure (fever) and feel like you are coming down with flu. Other symptoms might include muscle pains, headaches and feeling tired and low.
怎样治疗乳腺炎？
如果病人不在哺乳期，可以服用一个疗程的抗生素来治疗。但是病情不严重的话，病人不服药更好。
以下是一些有助于在无需抗生素的情况下，治疗乳腺炎的措施。
不要穿紧身文胸。
尽量健康饮食，多喝水。
How can I treat mastitis?
If you are not breastfeeding, mastitis may need to be treated with a course of an antibiotic. However, a mild case may get better without any medical treatment.
The following measures may help to treat your mastitis without the need for antibiotics:
Avoid tight-fitting bras.
Try to eat well and drink plenty of fluids.
ONE
TWO
但是，如果病情恶化，就应该去看医生。医生在了解病人状况、给病人做完检查之后，可能会开一种抗生素。如果病人刚患乳腺炎或有轻微症状，医生可能会建议24小时之后再服用。通常服用几天抗生素之后，乳腺炎就治好了。
However, if your symptoms become worse you should see a doctor. After talking to you and examining you, they may prescribe an antibiotic. They may suggest that you wait 24 hours before starting the antibiotics, if your symptoms are mild or have only just begun. The mastitis will usually clear within a few days of starting the antibiotic.
人们对节育应用的抵触情绪正在加剧。然而，女性确实需要更容易获得的关于她们自己生育能力的信息，以及她们所使用的避孕药具的副作用。科技之所以具有吸引力，是因为医学界往往忽视女性，忽视了许多女性对荷尔蒙避孕的副作用不抱幻想的担忧。难怪硅谷会介入，似乎提供了一种自然而聪明的解决方案，而且看起来好得令人难以置信。
The backlash against birth control apps is growing. Yet, women do need more readily available information about their own fertility, as well as about the side-effects of the contraceptives they are prescribed. Technology appeals because the medical profession too often dismisses and fails women, and has ignored the concerns of many women disenchanted with the side-effects of hormonal contraception. No wonder Silicon Valley steps in, seemingly offering a natural and smart solution that looks – and is – too good to be true.
会有什么并发症吗？
有时，乳房的感染部分内部会形成脓肿，脓肿里有很多浓汁，然后会形成导一个很难治的红色硬肿块。据估计，3%—7%的乳腺炎患者会出现此并发症。一旦发生，就要去医院治疗。
通过超声波扫描可以看到脓液。如果脓肿上的皮肤没有破损，医生可以用针和注射器将脓液排出体外。如果皮肤破了(或者很薄)，医生可能需要做一个小切口让脓液流出来。
Are there any possible complications?
Occasionally, an abscess may form inside an infected section of breast. An abscess is a collection of pus that causes a firm, red, tender lump. This is thought to happen to between about 3 and 7 women with mastitis, out of every 100. If this happens to you, you will need to go to hospital for treatment.
The pus can be seen with an ultrasound scan. If the skin over the abscess is not broken, the pus can be drained with a needle and syringe by a doctor. If the skin is broken (or very thin) the doctor may need to make a small cut to let the pus drain out.
- THE END -
文：Dr Colin Tidy
译/Moon
原文/https://patient.info/health/breast-problems/mastitis
本文基于创作共同协议（BY-NC），由Moon在译之网发布
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