在应用中, 为了提高用户体验, 会提供更新版本的功能. 那么如何实现呢? 我写了一个简单的Demo, 说明一下, 需要注意几个细节. 使用了Retrofit和Rx处理网络请求.
本文源码的GitHub下载地址
更新
1. 逻辑
访问服务器, 根据是否包含新版本, 判断是否需要更新.
下载Apk, 下载完成后, 自动安装, 高版本会覆盖低版本.
逻辑:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String APP_NAME = "Ped_android";
private static final String VERSION = "1.0.0";
private static final String INFO_NAME = "计步器";
private static final String STORE_APK = "chunyu_apk";
@Bind(R.id.main_b_install_apk) Button mBInstallApk;
private UpdateAppUtils.UpdateCallback mUpdateCallback; // 更新回调
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
ButterKnife.bind(this);
mUpdateCallback = new UpdateAppUtils.UpdateCallback() {
@Override public void onSuccess(UpdateInfo updateInfo) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "有更新", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
UpdateAppUtils.downloadApk(MainActivity.this, updateInfo, INFO_NAME, STORE_APK);
}
@Override public void onError() {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "无更新", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
mBInstallApk.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override public void onClick(View v) {
UpdateAppUtils.checkUpdate(APP_NAME, VERSION, mUpdateCallback);
}
});
}
}
UpdateAppUtils是核心下载类. 输入App的代号, 版本号, 异步回调, 发送到服务器, 判断是否需要更新. 如果存在新版本, 则下载Apk, 并自动安装更新.
2. 网络请求
更新请求, 参数是App代号和当前版本号.
/**
* 更新服务
* <p>
* Created by wangchenlong on 16/1/4.
*/
public interface UpdateService {
String ENDPOINT = "http://www.chunyuyisheng.com";
// 获取个人信息
@GET("/cmsapi/app/update")
Observable<UpdateInfo> getUpdateInfo(
@Query("appName") String appName,
@Query("version") String version);
}
创建服务的工厂类.
/**
* 创建Retrofit服务
* <p>
* Created by wangchenlong on 16/1/4.
*/
public class ServiceFactory {
public static <T> T createServiceFrom(final Class<T> serviceClass, String endpoint) {
Retrofit adapter = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(endpoint)
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create()) // 添加Rx适配器
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) // 添加Gson转换器
.build();
return adapter.create(serviceClass);
}
}
更新信息的Json类.
/**
* 更新信息(JSON)
* <p>
* Created by wangchenlong on 16/1/4.
*/
public class UpdateInfo {
public Data data; // 信息
public Integer error_code; // 错误代码
public String error_msg; // 错误信息
public static class Data {
public String curVersion; // 当前版本
public String appURL; // 下载地址
public String description; // 描述
public String minVersion; // 最低版本
public String appName; // 应用名称
}
@Override public String toString() {
return "当前版本: " + data.curVersion + ", 下载地址: " + data.appURL + ", 描述信息: " + data.description
+ ", 最低版本: " + data.minVersion + ", 应用代称: " + data.appName
+ ", 错误代码: " + error_code + ", 错误信息: " + error_msg;
}
}
3. 请求和下载
更新库的主类, 包含检查更新(checkUpdate)和下载Apk(downloadApk)两个重要方法.
/**
* 更新管理器
* <p>
* Created by wangchenlong on 16/1/6.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public class UpdateAppUtils {
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private static final String TAG = "DEBUG-WCL: " + UpdateAppUtils.class.getSimpleName();
/**
* 检查更新
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public static void checkUpdate(String appCode, String curVersion, UpdateCallback updateCallback) {
UpdateService updateService =
ServiceFactory.createServiceFrom(UpdateService.class, UpdateService.ENDPOINT);
updateService.getUpdateInfo(appCode, curVersion)
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(updateInfo -> onNext(updateInfo, updateCallback),
throwable -> onError(throwable, updateCallback));
}
// 显示信息
private static void onNext(UpdateInfo updateInfo, UpdateCallback updateCallback) {
Log.e(TAG, "返回数据: " + updateInfo.toString());
if (updateInfo.error_code != 0 || updateInfo.data == null ||
updateInfo.data.appURL == null) {
updateCallback.onError(); // 失败
} else {
updateCallback.onSuccess(updateInfo);
}
}
// 错误信息
private static void onError(Throwable throwable, UpdateCallback updateCallback) {
updateCallback.onError();
}
/**
* 下载Apk, 并设置Apk地址,
* 默认位置: /storage/sdcard0/Download
*
* @param context 上下文
* @param updateInfo 更新信息
* @param infoName 通知名称
* @param storeApk 存储的Apk
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public static void downloadApk(
Context context, UpdateInfo updateInfo,
String infoName, String storeApk
) {
if (!isDownloadManagerAvailable()) {
return;
}
String description = updateInfo.data.description;
String appUrl = updateInfo.data.appURL;
if (appUrl == null || appUrl.isEmpty()) {
Log.e(TAG, "请填写\"App下载地址\"");
return;
}
appUrl = appUrl.trim(); // 去掉首尾空格
if (!appUrl.startsWith("http")) {
appUrl = "http://" + appUrl; // 添加Http信息
}
Log.e(TAG, "appUrl: " + appUrl);
DownloadManager.Request request;
try {
request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(appUrl));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return;
}
request.setTitle(infoName);
request.setDescription(description);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
}
request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, storeApk);
Context appContext = context.getApplicationContext();
DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager)
appContext.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
// 存储下载Key
SharedPreferences sp = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(appContext);
sp.edit().putLong(PrefsConsts.DOWNLOAD_APK_ID_PREFS, manager.enqueue(request)).apply();
}
// 最小版本号大于9
private static boolean isDownloadManagerAvailable() {
return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD;
}
// 错误回调
public interface UpdateCallback {
void onSuccess(UpdateInfo updateInfo);
void onError();
}
}
检查更新: 创建服务, 在新线程中发送请求, 在主线程中接收数据, 判断成功和失败.
/**
* 检查更新
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public static void checkUpdate(String appCode, String curVersion, UpdateCallback updateCallback) {
UpdateService updateService =
ServiceFactory.createServiceFrom(UpdateService.class, UpdateService.ENDPOINT);
updateService.getUpdateInfo(appCode, curVersion)
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(updateInfo -> onNext(updateInfo, updateCallback),
throwable -> onError(throwable, updateCallback));
}
下载Apk: 转换和解析Url, 设置通知信息和存储位置, 存储下载Id, 自动安装更新.
/**
* 下载Apk, 并设置Apk地址,
* 默认位置: /storage/sdcard0/Download
*
* @param context 上下文
* @param updateInfo 更新信息
* @param infoName 通知名称
* @param storeApk 存储的Apk
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public static void downloadApk(
Context context, UpdateInfo updateInfo,
String infoName, String storeApk
) {
if (!isDownloadManagerAvailable()) {
return;
}
String description = updateInfo.data.description;
String appUrl = updateInfo.data.appURL;
if (appUrl == null || appUrl.isEmpty()) {
Log.e(TAG, "请填写\"App下载地址\"");
return;
}
appUrl = appUrl.trim(); // 去掉首尾空格
if (!appUrl.startsWith("http")) {
appUrl = "http://" + appUrl; // 添加Http信息
}
Log.e(TAG, "appUrl: " + appUrl);
DownloadManager.Request request;
try {
request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(appUrl));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return;
}
request.setTitle(infoName);
request.setDescription(description);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
}
request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, storeApk);
Context appContext = context.getApplicationContext();
DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager)
appContext.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
// 存储下载Key
SharedPreferences sp = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(appContext);
sp.edit().putLong(PrefsConsts.DOWNLOAD_APK_ID_PREFS, manager.enqueue(request)).apply();
}
使用
DownloadManager下载文件是Android的推荐方式.
存储下载Id(manager.enqueue(request))是为了在安装应用时, 找到Apk.
默认存储地址/storage/sdcard0/Download.
4.自动安装
注册广播接收器, 接收消息ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE, 下载完成会发送广播. 获取下载文件的Uri, 进行匹配, 发送安装消息, 自动安装.
/**
* 安装下载接收器
* <p>
* Created by wangchenlong on 16/1/5.
*/
public class InstallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
private static final String TAG =
"DEBUG-WCL: " + InstallReceiver.class.getSimpleName();
// 安装下载接收器
@Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE)) {
long downloadApkId = intent.getLongExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
installApk(context, downloadApkId);
}
}
// 安装Apk
private void installApk(Context context, long downloadApkId) {
// 获取存储ID
SharedPreferences sp = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
long id = sp.getLong(PrefsConsts.DOWNLOAD_APK_ID_PREFS, -1L);
if (downloadApkId == id) {
DownloadManager dManager = (DownloadManager) context.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
Intent install = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
Uri downloadFileUri = dManager.getUriForDownloadedFile(downloadApkId);
if (downloadFileUri != null) {
install.setDataAndType(downloadFileUri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
install.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
context.startActivity(install);
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "下载失败");
}
}
}
}
安装本应用下载的Apk, 不安装其他Apk, 存储下载Id, 与广播Id进行匹配.
下载失败, 也会发送下载完成(ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE)广播, Uri可能为空, 需要判断, 否则发生崩溃.
OK, that's all! Enjoy It!
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clone 编译错误.