一个简单的Node.js应用,只需要如下两行代码即可构建。
let fn = (req,res)=>res.end('hellp'); let server = http.createServer(fn).listen(7000)
上面的代码容易让很多Node开发形而上学而忽略它的本质。
实际上由于Node在API设计上大量采用了facade模式,使得不少api的使用实际上只是调用另一个api而已。比如res.end('hello'),等价于res.write('hello')+res.end()。
开头的那段代码,在Node实际,内部上是个在request事件上挂载listener的模型。
let fn = (req,res)=>res.end(); let server = http.createServer() server.on('request',fn)
在我专栏的上篇文章,我分享了如何采用Symbol来实现Promise。在文章写完后,同事们的反馈是太过晦涩、对读者的要求也比较高。所以这篇文章,我改进了分享形式,不采用代码模式而采用图形化数据结构来分享Node知识。
本文的主要知识点在于request和response对象。
我采用tree的结构展示了这两个对象原型链中http_out_going、stream、eventEmitter等的继承关系。
正文为request和response对象的树状数据结构,在这个tree中我只展示了public方法,私有方法并未列出,希望Node开发者在阅读本文时有所甄别。
这篇文章的受众是有Node开发经验的读者。
request对象
request
对象实现了Readable Stream的接口
|- IncomingMessage
|- |- client
|- |- socket (客户端和server的request socket)
|- |- connection
|- |
|- |- headers
|- |- |- accept:'*/*'
|- |- |- host:'localhost:7000'
|- |- |- user-agent:'curl/7.43.0'
|- |
|- |- httpVersion:"1.1"
|- |
|- |- upgrade: false
|- |- url:"/"
|- |
|- |- |- 原型链 Readable
|- |- |-
|- |- |- constructor: Readable(options)
|- |- |- destroy(error)
|- |- |- read(n)
|- |- |- setTimeout(msecs, callback)
|- |- |
|- |- |- |- 原型链 Stream
|- |- |- |- addListener(event,fn)
|- |- |- |- on(event,fn)
|- |- |- |- pipe(dest, pipeOpts)
|- |- |- |- pause()
|- |- |- |- push(chunk, encoding)
|- |- |- |- read(n)
|- |- |- |- resume()
|- |- |- |- setEncoding(enc)
|- |- |- |- unpipe(dest)
|- |- |- |- unshift(chunk)
|- |- |- |- wrap(stream)
|- |- |- |
|- |- |- |- 原型链 EventEmitter
|- |- |- |- |- addListener(event,fn)
|- |- |- |- |- on(type, listener)
|- |- |- |- |- once(type, listener)
|- |- |- |- |- emit(type)
|- |- |- |- |- getMaxListners()
|- |- |- |- |- listenerCount(type)
|- |- |- |- |- listeners(type)
|- |- |- |- |- prependListener(type,listener)
|- |- |- |- |- prependOnceListener(type,listener)
|- |- |- |- |- removeAllListeners(type)
|- |- |- |- |- removeListener(type,listener)
|- |- |- |- |- setMaxListener(n)
response
response对象实现了Writable Stream的接口,但它并未继承Writable Stream
|- ServerResponse
|- |- socket (客户端和server的request socket)
|- |- connection
|- |
|- |- _headers:null
|- |
|- |- chunkEncoding:false
|- |
|- |- upgrading: false
|- |
|- |- useChunkedEncodingByDefault:true
|- |
|- |- writable:true
|- |
|- |- |- 原型链 OutgoingMessage
|- |- |
|- |- |- constructor: OutgoingMessage
|- |- |- writeHead(statusCode,reason,obj)
|- |- |- writeHeader()
|- |- |- writeContinue(cb)
|- |- |- statusCode:200
|- |- |- statusMessage:undefined
|- |- |- writeContinue(cb)
|- |- |
|- |- |- writeAble Stream的接口实现
|- |- |- |- addTrailers(headers)
|- |- |- |- destroy(error)
|- |- |- |- end(data, encoding, callback)
|- |- |- |- write(chunk, encoding, callback)
|- |- |- |- flush()
|- |- |- |- flushHeaders()
|- |- |- |- headerSent
|- |- |- |- removeHeader(name)
|- |- |- |- setHeader(name,value)
|- |- |- |- setTimeout(msecs, callback)
|- |- |- |- pipe(dest,options)
|- |- |- |
|- |- |- |- 原型链 EventEmitter
|- |- |- |- |- addListener(event,fn)
|- |- |- |- |- on(type, listener)
|- |- |- |- |- once(type, listener)
|- |- |- |- |- emit(type)
|- |- |- |- |- getMaxListners()
|- |- |- |- |- listenerCount(type)
|- |- |- |- |- listeners(type)
|- |- |- |- |- prependListener(type,listener)
|- |- |- |- |- prependOnceListener(type,listener)
|- |- |- |- |- removeAllListeners(type)
|- |- |- |- |- removeListener(type,listener)
|- |- |- |- |- setMaxListener(n)
结语
如上列出的数据结构即为request和response的依赖继承关系,开发者可以对照这个数据结构表调用对应的方法构建你的Node.js应用。
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