柳永与杜牧，一样的风流才子

柳永与杜牧，一样的风流才子、爱逛青楼，却有截然不同的人生境遇

唐诗与宋词是中国文化史上的两座高山，这两座高山，一座大气磅礴，一座钟灵秀婉。诗风词调大有不同，这与他们所处大时代背景密切相关。

唐朝的盛大，成就了诗人的自信与豪气，宋朝经济的繁荣成就了词人曲风的华丽。

唐朝的开放，使诗人的诗，气吞万里如虎；宋朝边境的疲软，使词人的词，尽显哀忧，特别是宋朝末年，江河日下，那时的词更是尽显悲凉。

这种截然不同，让我产生了浓厚的兴趣。当我把目光聚焦到杜牧和柳永这两个人身上时，更是有吃惊的发现。

柳永与杜牧，一样的风流才子，却截然不同的人生境遇。

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杜牧的诗，如铜丸走坂，骏马注坡，圆快奋争。刘熙载曾这样评价：其诗“雄姿英发”，细读杜牧，人如其诗，个性张扬，如鹤舞长空，俊朗飘逸。

柳永是婉约派最具代表的人物之一，其词结构深细缜密，语言圆润清丽，有一种柔婉之美。

这两个身处不同时代，风格迥异的诗人，是什么东西，能让我将他们牵连在一起呢？那大概就是，我发现他们同样都爱逛青楼吧。

这两人痴迷到什么地步呢？杜牧说“十年一觉扬州梦，赢得青楼薄幸名”，柳永也不甘示弱，提笔写道：“且恁偎红倚翠，风流事，平生畅。青春都一饷。忍把浮名，换了浅斟低唱！”

杜牧和柳永不仅喜欢逛，还喜欢给里面的姑娘写诗。

大和九年（公元835年），杜牧调任监察御史，离扬州赴长安与歌女分别时，写下了著名的赠别诗，也是因为这首诗，人们开始称十三四岁女子为豆蔻年华。

赠别

唐 杜牧

娉娉袅袅十三馀，豆蔻梢头二月初。

春风十里扬州路，卷上珠帘总不如。

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柳永就更不用说了，当时江南青楼妓馆都在传唱几句话：“不愿穿绫罗，愿依柳七哥；不愿君王召，愿得柳七叫；不愿千黄金，愿得柳七心；不愿神仙见，愿识柳七面。”

柳永家中排行第七，故称柳七。当时歌姬都希望能够得到柳永的一阙词，柳永也很大方经常挥毫作墨。

蝶恋花 · 伫倚危楼风细细

宋 柳永

伫倚危楼风细细，望极春愁，黯黯生天际。

草色烟光残照里，无言谁会凭阑意。

拟把疏狂图一醉，对酒当歌，强乐还无味。

衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。

这两个江湖载酒的少年郎，如果出生在同一个时代，必定是对知己。

然而曲高和寡，知音难觅。柳永和杜牧之间隔着百年时光，隔着寂静的历史长河。也因为身处朝代的大背景不同，这两个少年郎有着不同的命运归宿。

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杜牧

杜牧的晚年如果用安享、舒适来说的话，柳永的晚年就是落魄、孤独、凄凉。虽然他们都是非常有才华的人，可是他们的家庭背景以及所处时代，决定了他们人生的起起伏伏。杜牧的家境要比柳永的家境好的太多，而杜牧在运气上也比柳永好的多。

杜牧的祖父是三朝宰相，父亲是御用高官，家族势力雄厚，和当朝宰相李德裕是世家好友。杜牧的一生几乎没有坎坷。唯一的一次贬谪，也是因为他看不惯朝廷党争，主动上奏皇帝，要求外放的。

还有就是这逛青楼吧，当时杜牧在淮南节度使牛僧孺手下做掌书记，相当于秘书。他每次去妓院，牛僧孺都派保镖悄悄保护，传说动用了三十个便衣，轮流看护。

在仕途上，杜牧同样也是幸运的。他遇上了唐德宗李适，德宗在位期间，坚持信用文武百官，严禁宦官干政，朝廷呈现一片中兴气象，杜牧的很多政见也都被德宗采纳。

柳永就远远没有这么幸运了，他的祖父和父亲都是个小县令，自己更是四次进考，四次落榜。还因为写的“忍把浮名，换了浅斟低唱！”让皇帝宋仁宗记恨上了。

公元1021年，40多岁的柳永好不容易通过了科举考试，但等录取的名单放到皇上面前时，宋仁宗看见柳永的名字，不以为然地说：“他不是说且去浅斟低唱，何要浮名吗?那就让他去喝他的酒、填他的词吧!还要功名干什么?”说着，就把柳永的名字一笔勾掉了。就这样，柳永再也无缘仕途了。

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奉旨填词的柳永，后半生都在烟花陌巷度过。身无分文，一贫如洗，也无亲人。柳永最后死在名妓赵香香家， 家里穷的连安葬费都没有。名妓陈师师、谢玉英等人筹了一笔钱为柳永安葬，入殡之时，东京满城妓女都来了，皆戴重孝，半城缟素，一片哀声。

以后每年的清明节，全国各地的妓女相约赴其坟地祭扫，并相沿成立，称之“吊柳会”。这种风俗一直持续到北宋灭亡。

都说史家不幸诗家幸，但当我们把目光从宏伟的历史中聚焦到单个人身上时，我想我们能深切地感受到他们的无可奈何，所以看待历史人物必须抱有同情心。

就像《红楼梦》作者说的：“满纸荒唐言，一把辛酸泪！都云作者痴，谁解其中味？”全书写的是看似荒唐的故事，却浸透着曹雪芹辛酸的眼泪！

世上从未有真正的感同身受，我们外人看柳永，看的是词，鉴的是曲，但只有柳永自己能明白，求仕无路的无奈，身处国家末世的悲哀。

柳永与杜牧，一样的风流才子，截然不同的人生境遇。可叹！可叹！

正在使用发音

Liu Yong and Du Mu are the same romantic talents and love visiting brothels, but they have different life circumstances

Tang poetry and Song Ci are two high mountains in the history of Chinese culture. One is magnificent and the other is graceful. The poetic style and tone are very different, which is closely related to their background of the times.

The grandeur of the Tang Dynasty made the poet confident and heroic, and the economic prosperity of the Song Dynasty made the poet gorgeous.

The opening of the Tang Dynasty made the poet's poems swallow thousands of miles like a tiger; The weakness of the border of the Song Dynasty makes the CI people's Ci all sad. Especially in the late Song Dynasty, when the river is declining, the CI at that time is all sad.

This kind of interest is very different, which makes me have a strong interest. When I focused on Du Mu and Liu Yong, I was even more surprised.

Liu Yong and Du Mu are the same romantic talents, but they have different life circumstances.

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Du Mu's poems are like copper pills walking on the bank, horses on the slope, round and fast struggle. Liu Xizai once commented that his poetry is "heroic and beautiful". After reading Du Mu carefully, people are like poetry, with publicized personality, such as crane dancing in the sky, handsome and elegant.

Liu Yong is one of the most representative figures of the graceful school. His word structure is deep and meticulous, his language is mellow and beautiful, and there is a kind of soft beauty.

These two poets, who live in different times and have different styles, what can make me connect them together? That's probably, I found that they also love to visit brothels.

How obsessed are the two? Du Mu said that "once in ten years, I have a dream of Yangzhou and won the poor reputation of brothels". Liu Yong was also unwilling to show weakness. He wrote: "I am so close to the red and green, romantic and smooth all my life. My youth is paid. I can't bear to change my floating name into a shallow and low singing!"

Du Mu and Liu Yong not only like to stroll, but also like to write poems for the girls inside.

In the ninth year of Dahe (AD 835), Du Mu was transferred to the post of censor. When he left Yangzhou for Chang'an to separate from the singer, he wrote a famous farewell poem. It is also because of this poem that people began to call the 13-year-old woman cardamom.

Farewell

Tang Dumu

Ping Ping curls for more than 13 years, and cardamom shoots in early February.

Spring breeze ten miles Yangzhou Road, roll bead curtain is not as good as.

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Not to mention Liu Yong, at that time, brothels in Jiangnan brothels were singing a few words: "if you don't want to wear silk, you are willing to follow Liu Qige; if you don't want to be called by the king, you are willing to get Liu Qijiao; if you don't want thousands of gold, you are willing to get Liu Qixin; if you don't want to see the gods, you are willing to know Liu Qimian."

Liu Yong's family ranks seventh, so it is called Liu Qi. At that time, the singers all hoped to get Liu Yong's one que CI. Liu Yong was also very generous and often waved ink.

Butterflies in love with flowers - standing on a dangerous building, the wind is thin

Song Liuyong

Standing on the dangerous building, the wind is thin, looking at the extreme spring sorrow, and the sky is dark.

Grass color, smoke and light, speechless, who will stop meaning.

It is planned to get drunk and sing when drinking. Strong music is tasteless.

my clothes grow daily more loose, yet care I not. For you am I thus wasting away in sorrow and pain.

If these two young men carrying wine in the Jianghu were born in the same era, they must be confidants.

However, it is difficult to find a bosom friend. Liu Yong and Du Mu are separated by a hundred years and a silent long river of history. Also because of the different backgrounds of the dynasties, the two young men have different destinies.

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Du Mu

If Du Mu's old age is comfortable and comfortable, Liu Yong's old age is desolate, lonely and desolate. Although they are very talented people, their family background and times determine the ups and downs of their lives. Du Mu's family is much better than Liu Yong's, and Du Mu's luck is much better than Liu Yong's.

Du Mu's grandfather was the Prime Minister of the three dynasties. His father was a high-ranking official of the imperial court. His family had strong power. He was a family friend with Li Deyu, the Prime Minister of the current Dynasty. Du Mu had almost no ups and downs in his life. The only relegation was also because he couldn't bear to see the court party struggle and took the initiative to play the emperor and asked to be released.

There is also the brothel. At that time, Du Mu was the head Secretary under Niu Seng Ru, the festival envoy of Huainan, which was equivalent to a secretary. Every time he went to the brothel, Niu Seng Ru sent bodyguards to protect him quietly. It is said that he used 30 plain clothes to take turns.

Du Mu was also lucky in his official career. He met Li Shi, Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty. During his reign, Emperor Dezong insisted on trusting all officials in civil and military affairs and strictly prohibited eunuchs from interfering in politics. The imperial court showed a resurgent atmosphere, and many of Du Mu's political views were also adopted by Emperor Dezong.

Liu Yong is far from so lucky. His grandfather and father are both small county magistrate. He entered the examination four times and failed four times. Also because of the writing "endure the floating name, change the shallow and low singing!" Let the emperor song Renzong bear a grudge.

In 1021, Liu Yong, who was in his 40s, finally passed the imperial examination, but when the admission list was put in front of the emperor, song Renzong saw Liu Yong's name and said disapprovingly, "he didn't say and sing quietly. Why do you want to make a name? Let him drink his wine and fill in his words! What else do you want to do with fame?" Then he crossed out Liu Yong's name. In this way, Liu Yong is no longer destined for an official career.

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Liu Yong, who was instructed to fill in the lyrics, spent the rest of his life in fireworks street. Penniless, destitute and bereaved. Liu Yong finally died at the famous prostitute Zhao Xiangxiang's house. The family was poor and didn't even have burial expenses. Famous prostitutes such as Chen Shishi and Xie Yuying raised a sum of money to bury Liu Yongan. When they went to the funeral, all prostitutes in Tokyo came, all wearing heavy filial piety and half city chimera, with a sound of sadness.

After the annual Qingming Festival, prostitutes from all over the country meet to visit their graves and set up a "hanging willow party". This custom lasted until the death of the Northern Song Dynasty.

It is said that historians are unfortunate and poets are lucky, but when we focus on individual people from the magnificent history, I think we can deeply feel their helplessness, so we must have compassion for historical figures.

As the author of a dream of Red Mansions said: "full of absurd words, a handful of bitter tears! It is said that the author is crazy. Who can understand the taste?" The whole book is a seemingly absurd story, but it is soaked with Cao Xueqin's bitter tears!

There has never been a real empathy in the world. We outsiders look at Liu Yong, look at words and learn music, but only Liu Yong himself can understand the helplessness of seeking an official and the sadness of being in the end of the country.

Liu Yong and Du Mu are the same romantic talents and different life circumstances. deplorable! deplorable!

重点词汇释义

杜牧Du Mu

风流才子gallant young scholar

中国文化Chinese Culture; Culture China; China culture

大气磅礴powerful; of great momentum; grand and magnificent

词调tonal patterns and rhyme schemes of ci poetry

密切相关be closely related; go hand in hand

特别是particular; special

江河日下the decline; degenerate day by day; decline steadily; go from bad to worse。

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