HashMap的实现用的是数组+链表+红黑树的结构,也叫哈希桶,在jdk 1.8之前都是数组+链表的结构,因为在链表的查询操作都是O(N)的时间复杂度,如果当节点数量多,转换为红黑树结构,那么将会提高很大的效率,因为红黑树结构中,增删改查都是O(log n)。
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HashMap属性代码:
public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {
//序列号,序列化的时候使用
private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;
//默认容量,为2的4次方,即为16
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
//最大容量,为2的30次方。
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
//加载因子,用于扩容使用。
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
//链表转成红黑树的阈值。即在哈希表扩容时,当链表的长度(桶中元素个数)超过这个值的时候,进行链表到红黑树的转变
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
//红黑树转为链表的阈值。即在哈希表扩容时,如果发现链表长度(桶中元素个数)小于 6,则会由红黑树重新退化为链表
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
//当整个hashMap中元素数量大于64时,也会进行转为红黑树结构。
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
//哈希桶数组,分配的时候,table的长度总是2的幂,transient关键字表示该属性不能被序列化
transient Node<K,V>[] table;
//将数据转换成set的另一种存储形式,这个变量主要用于迭代功能。
transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
//元素数量
transient int size;
//统计该map修改的次数
transient int modCount;
//临界值,也就是元素数量达到临界值时,会进行扩容。
int threshold;
//加载因子
final float loadFactor;
}
HashMap提供3个构造方法:
public HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
}
public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}
第一个初始化默认加载因子,第二个设置初始容量,初始化默认加载因子,第三个设置初始容量和默认加载因子。
HashMap内部类TreeNode,该类是一个红黑树结构。
static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> {
TreeNode<K,V> parent; // red-black tree links
TreeNode<K,V> left;
TreeNode<K,V> right;
TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion
boolean red;
TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
super(hash, key, val, next);
}
}
HashMap内部类Node, 结构为单向链表:
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
V value;
Node<K,V> next;
Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return value; }
public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
public final int hashCode() {
return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}
public final V setValue(V newValue) {
V oldValue = value;
value = newValue;
return oldValue;
}
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this)
return true;
if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
HashMap添加元素:
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
boolean evict) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
//如果计算出的该哈希桶的位置没有值,则把新插入的key-value放到此处
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
else {
Node<K,V> e; K k;
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
else {
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
if ((e = p.next) == null) {
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
//判断是否要转换为红黑树结构
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}
}
//已存在该key,则用待插入值进行覆盖,返回旧值
if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
V oldValue = e.value;
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
}
//添加元素修改次数也会+1
++modCount;
//实际长度+1,判断是否大于临界值,大于则扩容
if (++size > threshold)
resize();
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
上面用到方法hash,用于计算对象hash值
static final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}
先获取到key的hashCode,然后进行移位再进行异或运算,复杂的计算目的是为了尽可能减少hash冲突。
HashMap获取元素:
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}
/**
* Implements Map.get and related methods
*
* @param hash hash for key
* @param key the key
* @return the node, or null if none
*/
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
//如果是头结点,则直接返回头结点
if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return first;
if ((e = first.next) != null) {
//判断是否是红黑树结构
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
//如果是红黑树,那就去红黑树中找,然后返回
return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
do {
//否则就是链表节点,遍历链表,找到该节点并返回
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
return null;
}
参考文章:
HashMap源码解析JDK1.8
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