前言
作为一个iOS开发人员,我们基本每天都要与alloc,init打交道,但是你知道他们的底层到底做了什么吗?今天我们就一起探索一下
资料下载
alloc原理探索
常用的探索手法主要有以下四种
- 断点跟进 control + in 方法
- Symbolic Breakpoint 符号断点:libobjc.A.dylib`+[NSObject alloc] 或者全局搜索alloc {
- 菜单Debug -> Debug Workflow -> Always show Disassembly 查看汇编代码
- 源码跟进
我们直接调试源码,这样可以看的更加直观
objc4-781源码NSObject.mm类中,废话不多说我们直接上代码
alloc源码
+ (id)alloc {
return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}
_objc_rootAlloc
// Base class implementation of +alloc. cls is not nil.
// Calls [cls allocWithZone:nil].
id
_objc_rootAlloc(Class cls)
{
return callAlloc(cls, false/*checkNil*/, true/*allocWithZone*/);
}
callAlloc
// Call [cls alloc] or [cls allocWithZone:nil], with appropriate
// shortcutting optimizations.
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
{
#if __OBJC2__
if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;
if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {
return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(cls, nil);
}
#endif
// No shortcuts available.
if (allocWithZone) {
return ((id(*)(id, SEL, struct _NSZone *))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(allocWithZone:), nil);
}
return ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(alloc));
}
_objc_rootAllocWithZone
NEVER_INLINE
id
_objc_rootAllocWithZone(Class cls, malloc_zone_t *zone __unused)
{
// allocWithZone under __OBJC2__ ignores the zone parameter
return _class_createInstanceFromZone(cls, 0, nil,
OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC);
}
_class_createInstanceFromZone
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
int construct_flags = OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_NONE,
bool cxxConstruct = true,
size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
{
ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
// Read class's info bits all at once for performance
bool hasCxxCtor = cxxConstruct && cls->hasCxxCtor();
bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
size_t size;
// 1:要开辟多少内存
size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;
id obj;
if (zone) {
obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
} else {
// 2;怎么去申请内存
obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
}
if (slowpath(!obj)) {
if (construct_flags & OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC) {
return _objc_callBadAllocHandler(cls);
}
return nil;
}
// 3: ?
if (!zone && fast) {
obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
} else {
// Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
// doing something weird with the zone or RR.
obj->initIsa(cls);
}
if (fastpath(!hasCxxCtor)) {
return obj;
}
construct_flags |= OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_FREE_ONFAILURE;
return object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, cls, construct_flags);
}
以上就是alloc的全部调用实现,有兴趣的可以自己亲自调试一下,还是挺有乐趣的。
小知识: init方法和new方法
// Replaced by CF (throws an NSException)
+ (id)init {
return (id)self;
}
+ (id)new {
return [callAlloc(self, false/*checkNil*/) init];
}
上图可看出new方法是由 (alloc + init)方法构成,不过笔者还是建议使用 (alloc + init),不然如果我们重写了init方法的话,new是不会调用init的,这点也是需要注意的。
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