笃学奖-topic4-A14530-张成-Uband 精读

生词

traumatising-traumatize

to shock domeone so badlythat they are affected by it for a very long time

使精神受伤

Some will have you believe that Islam is at fault since verses of the Qur’an legitimise such violence, while their opponents point out that the ideology fuelling these acts of terror is a twisted perversion of the religion.

1. at fault 有责任;有过错

2.Quran古兰经

3.fuel verb

to make something, especially something bad, increase or become stronger. (感情色彩)

使恶化;使强烈

twisted

1.扭曲的;变形的    2.<兴趣>反常的

perversion

1.性反常

2.the process of change sonething that is good and natural onto something that is unnatural and wrong, or the result of such a change.  [~ of sth]

a twisted perversion of the religion. 对宗教的曲解。

abhor      (not in a progressive)

to hate a kind of behaviour or way of thinking, especially because you it is morality wrong.    憎恨

SYN. hate

havoc

a situation in which there is a lot of damage or a lack of order, especially so that it is difficult for something to continue in the normal way 灾难；混乱

wreck a havoc/mayhem/destruction (on sth)

to cause a lot of damage or problems. 对某事造成浩劫/混乱/破坏

On account of 由于

Psychiatry

the study and treatment of mental illnesses.精神病学

pakistan  n.巴基斯坦

pakistani  adj.巴基斯坦的;巴基斯坦人

acculturation  n.文化适应，文化渗透

racism  种族歧视;种族主义

at odd with  与……有争议，意见不一

akin to sth  与某物类似

alienation

the feeling of not being part of society or a group.  [~ from]梳理感

eg. unemployment may provoke a sense of alienation from society.失业可能引起不溶于社会的感觉。

allegiance

loyalty to a leader, country, belief etc.  [对领袖，国家，信念等]忠诚，效忠

subversive

subversive idea, activities etc are secret and intended to damage or destroy a goverment or an established system.

[观点或活动对现有政府]具有颠覆性.

As well as drawing recruits into the fold, extremist hate-preachers and the slick Isis propaganda machine play a significant role in converting the radicalised into actual terrorists.

slick

1. if something is slick, it is done in a skilful and attractive way and seems expensive, but it often contains no important or interesting ideas 徒有其表的，华而不实的

eg. slick advertisement

2.  if someone is slick, they are good at persuading people, often in a way that does not seem honest 油嘴滑舌的，巧舌如簧的

drawing recruits into the fold 新兵入列

SYN.

exceedingly/extremely 极其;非常

eg. She is exceedingly kind.

Perhaps those most likely to make the transition from radical to terrorist are the exceedingly vulnerable, who are highly susceptible to jihadi rhetoric, and narcissistic psychopaths, who might revel in the notoriety of being a terrorist

susceptible

1. likely to suffer from a particular illness or be affected by a particular problem 易得病;易受影响

SYN.immune     (~ to sth)

eg. Older people are more susceptible to infections.  年老者易受感染。

2.  a susceptible person is easily influenced or attracted by someone or something.人易受影响

SYN. impressionable

She wad very susceptible to flattery.

3.susceptible of sth

if something is susceptible of an action, that action can be done to it 正式  可以做……

Working condition are susceptible of improvement by legislation.工作环境可以通过立法手段进行改善。

rhetoric

1.anguage that is used to persuade or influence people, especially language that sounds impressive but is not actually sincere or useful 辞令；巧辩；〔尤指〕花言巧语，浮夸之词

2.修辞学

narcissistic  自恋的

psychopaths

someone who has a serious and permanent mental illness that makes them behave in a violent or criminal way 〔暴力或犯罪的〕精神病患者；精神变态者

notoriety

the state of being famous or well-known for something that is bad or that people do not approve of 臭名昭著，声名狼藉

thuggery

violent behaviour in which people fight and attack others 暴行

the problem of football thuggery. 足球暴力问题。

theological 神学上

theological ammunition 神学理论武器

gang culture   帮会文化

神句，词组

1.Some will have you believe that Islam is at fault since verses of the Qur’an legitimize such violence, while their opponents point out that the ideology fuelling these acts of terror is a twisted perversion of the religion.

一些人会让你相信，这些暴行的产生是由于伊斯兰教的原因，因为，在古兰经中，这样的暴行是合法的。但反对这一观点的人会告诉你，认为伊斯兰鼓励这种暴行的观点，是对伊斯兰教义的极度曲解。

2.Western policy has often been cited as an important driver, but there are countless law-abiding British citizens of all faiths who disagree with recent foreign policy who do not feel compelled to wreak bloody havoc on account of it.

人们，常将西方的外交政策也当做一个重要因素，但英国中有许多信仰不同的合法公民，他们不赞同当前的外交政策，去没有因此被迫去制造流血事件。

3.For those who find themselves at odds with the culture of their parents, and yet are met with hostility from the culture of the society they live in, exiting the acculturation paradigm to embrace a third culture that provides them with a sense of belonging may be an appealing option. In this case their minds become fertile ground for radicalization.

一些年轻人，他们不认可他们父母的文化，却也被他们所生活国家的主流文化排斥在外。对于他们来说，另一种文化交流模式是十分受欢迎的，那就是接受有别于父母和国家主流文化的第三种文化，在这种文化下，他们会产生一种归属感。

4.Perhaps the low self-esteem brought on by marginalization is the mediator here, traded readily by some disaffected Muslim youths for the perceived sense of purpose and status associated with being a jihadi.

或许，这种边缘化导致的低自尊是一个协调者，一些未受影响的穆斯林青年会利用它们来产生一种使命感和对圣战士地位的追求。

5. Although the factors that lead to radicalization are still poorly understood, and are as complex as the acts of terror are devastating, some common themes are evident, and we should respond accordingly.

尽管激进化的原因仍令人费解，且这些原因和恐怖主义一样复杂且致命，但一些共同的主题是清楚的，并且我们要合理应对。