UIBezierPath基础篇

作者: 伍骁辛 | 来源:发表于2016-10-26 11:46 被阅读707次

    由于项目中要加入一个类似于购物车的抛物线动画的需求,开始研究了下贝塞尔曲线的相关内容,首先了解下UIBezierPath基础。

    UIBezierPath基础
    使用UIBezierPath类可以创建基于矢量的路径,这个类在UIKit中。此类是Core Graphics框架关于path的一个封装。使用此类可以定义简单的形状,如椭圆或者矩形,或者有多个直线和曲线段组成的形状。

    使用
    UIBezierPath的使用
    1.创建UIBezierPath对象;
    2.调用moveToPoint设置初始路径的地点;
    3.添加line(线)或者curve(曲线)去定义一个或者多个subpaths(子路径);
    4.设置UIBezierPath对象绘制的相关属性,例如填充颜色、填充样式、画笔属性等。

    创建UIBezierPath方法

    +(instancetype)bezierPath;
    +(instancetype)bezierPathWithRect:(CGRect)rect;
    +(instancetype)bezierPathWithOvalInRect:(CGRect)rect;
    +(instancetype)bezierPathWithRoundedRect:(CGRect)rect
                            cornerRadius:(CGFloat)cornerRadius;
    +(instancetype)bezierPathWithRoundedRect:(CGRect)rect
                        byRoundingCorners:(UIRectCorner)corners 
                              cornerRadii:(CGSize)cornerRadii;
    +(instancetype)bezierPathWithArcCenter:(CGPoint)center 
                                 radius:(CGFloat)radius 
                             startAngle:(CGFloat)startAngle 
                               endAngle:(CGFloat)endAngle 
                              clockwise:(BOOL)clockwise;
    +(instancetype)bezierPathWithCGPath:(CGPathRef)CGPath;
    

    通过上面这些工厂方法可以创建任意类型的的图形,下面具体介绍下它们的用途

    1.+(instancetype)bezierPath 创建UIBezierPath对象,根据我们的需求画任意样式的图形;
    2.+(instancetype)bezierPathWithRect:(CGRect)rect 根据一个矩形画贝塞尔曲线;
    3.+(instancetype)bezierPathWithOvalInRect:(CGRect)rect 根据矩形画内切曲线,例如圆或者椭圆;
    4.+(instancetype)bezierPathWithRoundedRect:(CGRect)rect
                            cornerRadius:(CGFloat)cornerRadius 根据矩形画带圆角的矩形;
    5.+(instancetype)bezierPathWithRoundedRect:(CGRect)rect
                        byRoundingCorners:(UIRectCorner)corners 
                              cornerRadii:(CGSize)cornerRadii 根据矩形制定一个角为圆角;
    6.+(instancetype)bezierPathWithArcCenter:(CGPoint)center 
                                 radius:(CGFloat)radius 
                             startAngle:(CGFloat)startAngle 
                               endAngle:(CGFloat)endAngle 
                              clockwise:(BOOL)clockwise这个方法用来画弧,五个参数分别代表弧线中心点的坐标、弧线所在圆的半径、弧线开始的角度、弧线结束的角度、是否顺时针画弧线条。
    

    Ps:我们需要在- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect中创建UIBezierPath对象并且调用以上工厂方法,因为在drawRect方法中我们才可以获取到上下文。

    画直线

    // 创建path
    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPath];
    //添加路径(起点(100,100)到终点(200,100)的线段)到path
    [path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(100 , 100)];
    [path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(200, 100)];
    //将path绘制出来
    [path stroke];
    

    效果图:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午4.16.43.png

    画三角形

    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPath];
    [path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(20, 20)];
    [path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width - 45, 20)];
    [path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width - 45, self.frame.size.height - 20)];
    [path closePath];
    //设置描边宽度
    path.lineWidth = 2;
    //设置填充颜色
    UIColor *fillColor = [UIColor cyanColor];
    [fillColor set];
    //填充
    [path fill];
    //设置画笔颜色
    UIColor *strokeColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
    [strokeColor set];
    //描边
    [path stroke];
    

    Ps:注意填充颜色、画笔颜色的顺序,先设置填充颜色再设置画笔颜色。

    效果图如下:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午4.29.27.png

    画矩形

    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:CGRectMake(20, 20, self.frame.size.width - 40, self.frame.size.height - 40)];
    path.lineCapStyle = kCGLineCapRound;   //线条拐角
    path.lineJoinStyle = kCGLineJoinBevel; //终点处理
    path.lineWidth = 2;
    //设置填充颜色
    UIColor *fillColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    [fillColor set];
    //填充
    [path fill];
    //设置画笔颜色
    UIColor *strokeColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
    [strokeColor set];
    //描边
    [path stroke];
    

    代码解释:

    1.lineCapStyle属性是设置线条拐角帽的样式
     kCGLineCapButt   默认的
     kCGLineCapRound  轻微圆角
     kCGLineCapSquare 正方形
    
    2.lineJoinStyle属性是设置两条线连接点的样式
    kCGLineJoinMiter 默认的表示斜接
    kCGLineJoinRound 圆滑衔接
    kCGLineJoinBevel 斜角连接 
    

    效果图:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午4.46.13.png

    画圆

    //注意需要传入正方形
    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:CGRectMake(60, 60, 150, 150)];
    path.lineWidth = 2;
    //设置填充颜色
    UIColor *fillColor = [UIColor greenColor];
    [fillColor set];
    //填充
    [path fill];
    //设置画笔颜色
    UIColor *strokeColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
    [strokeColor set];
    //描边
    [path stroke];
    

    Ps:使用+ bezierPathWithOvalInRect创建UIBezierPath对象,当rect参数传入正方形的时候,画出来的是圆形,若rect参数不是正方,画出来是椭圆。
    效果图:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午4.54.33.png

    画椭圆

    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:CGRectMake(20,  20,  40,  60)];
    path.lineWidth = 2;
    //设置填充颜色
    UIColor *fillColor = [UIColor magentaColor];
    [fillColor set];
    //填充
    [path fill];
    //设置画笔颜色
    UIColor *strokeColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
    [strokeColor set];
    //描边
    [path stroke];
    

    使用bezierPathWithOvalInRect画椭圆,rect参数不传正方形,画出来的就是椭圆。

    效果图如下:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午4.58.16.png

    画带圆角的矩形

    +(instancetype)bezierPathWithRoundedRect:(CGRect)rect
                            cornerRadius:(CGFloat)cornerRadius;
    +(instancetype)bezierPathWithRoundedRect:(CGRect)rect
                        byRoundingCorners:(UIRectCorner)corners 
                              cornerRadii:(CGSize)cornerRadii;
    

    第一个方法可以画带圆角的矩形,rect参数是矩形,cornerRadius参数是圆角的大小;第二个方法可以制定某一个角画成圆角。

    首先来画四个角都是圆角的

    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:CGRectMake(20, 20, 40, 40) cornerRadius:20];
    //设置填充颜色
    UIColor *fillColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
    [fillColor set];
    //填充
    [path fill];
    //设置画笔颜色
    UIColor *strokeColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    [strokeColor set];
    //描边
    [path stroke];
    

    效果图如下:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午5.06.23.png

    接下来画右上角是圆角的

    //制定右上角为圆角
    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:CGRectMake(20, 20, self.frame.size.width - 40, self.frame.size.height - 40) byRoundingCorners:UIRectCornerTopRight cornerRadii:CGSizeMake(20, 20)];
    //设置填充颜色
    UIColor *fillColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
    [fillColor set];
    //填充
    [path fill];
    //设置画笔颜色
    UIColor *strokeColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    [strokeColor set];
    //描边
    [path stroke];
    

    代码解释:第一个参数传矩形,第二个参数制定哪个角为圆角,第三个参数指定水平和垂直方向半径的大小。
    效果图如下:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午5.13.55.png

    画弧
    下图为弧线的参考系

    20130904200813921.jpg
    #define kDegreesToRadians(degrees)  ((M_PI * degrees)/ 180)
    
    CGPoint centerPoint = CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width / 2, self.frame.size.height / 2);
    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithArcCenter:centerPoint radius:100 startAngle:0 endAngle:kDegreesToRadians(135) clockwise:YES];
    path.lineCapStyle = kCGLineCapRound;  //线条拐角
    path.lineJoinStyle = kCGLineJoinRound;//终点处理
    path.lineWidth = 5.0;
    UIColor *strokeColor = [UIColor redColor];
    [strokeColor set];
    [path stroke];
    

    代码解释:startAngle、endAngle代表开始和结束的弧度,不是我们日常的角度,使用时候需要转换成弧度。

    效果图如下:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午5.40.00.png

    画二次贝塞尔曲线

    20130904201943296.jpg

    controlPoint为控制点

    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPath];
    //设置一个起始点
    [path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(20, self.frame.size.height - 100)];
    //添加二次曲线 controlPoint控制点
    [path addQuadCurveToPoint:CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width - 20, self.frame.size.height - 100) controlPoint:CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width / 2, 0)];
    path.lineCapStyle = kCGLineCapRound;   //线条拐角
    path.lineJoinStyle = kCGLineJoinRound; //终点处理
    path.lineWidth = 5.0;
    UIColor *strokeColor = [UIColor purpleColor];
    [strokeColor set];
    [path stroke];
    

    效果图如下:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午5.50.07.png

    画三次贝塞曲线

    20130904201939421.jpg

    三次贝塞尔曲线有两个控制点

    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPath];
    //设置起始点
    [path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(20, 150)];
    //添加三次曲线 controlPoint1控制点1 controlPoint2控制点2
    [path addCurveToPoint:CGPointMake(300, 150) controlPoint1:CGPointMake(160, 0) controlPoint2:CGPointMake(160, 250)];
    path.lineCapStyle = kCGLineCapRound;   //线条拐角
    path.lineJoinStyle = kCGLineJoinRound; //终点处理
    path.lineWidth = 5.0;
    UIColor *strokeColor = [UIColor redColor];
    [strokeColor set];
    [path stroke];
    

    效果图如下:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午6.03.06.png

    CAShapeLayer结合UIBezierPath画图

    CAShapeLayer *circleShapeLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
    //设置frame
    circleShapeLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 200);
    circleShapeLayer.position = self.view.center;
    //设置填充颜色
    circleShapeLayer.fillColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;
    //设置线宽
    circleShapeLayer.lineWidth = 2.0;
    //设置线的颜色
    circleShapeLayer.strokeColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
    CGRect frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 200);
    //使用UIBezierPath创建路径
    UIBezierPath *circlePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:frame];
    //关联CAShapeLayer与UIBezierPath
    circleShapeLayer.path = circlePath.CGPath;
    //将CAShaperLayer添加到某个层上显示
    [self.view.layer addSublayer:circleShapeLayer];
    

    效果图如下:

    屏幕快照 2016-10-25 下午6.11.08.png

    UIBezierPath动画

    -(void)startAnimation
    {
    AppDelegate *appDelegate = APP_DELEGATE;
    if (!windowLayer) {
        windowLayer = [CALayer layer];
        windowLayer.bounds = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds;
        [appDelegate.window.layer addSublayer:windowLayer];
    }
    if (!layer)
    {
        layer = [CALayer layer];
        layer.contents = (__bridge id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_redDot.png"].CGImage;
        layer.contentsGravity = kCAGravityResizeAspectFill;
        layer.bounds = CGRectMake(100, 100, 20, 20);
        [layer setCornerRadius:CGRectGetHeight([layer bounds]) / 2];
        layer.masksToBounds = YES;
        layer.position =CGPointMake(50, 150);
        [appDelegate.window.layer addSublayer:layer];
    }
    layer.hidden = NO;
    [self groupAnimation];
    }
    
    -(void)groupAnimation
    {
    CAKeyframeAnimation *animation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
    animation.path = _path.CGPath;
    animation.rotationMode = kCAAnimationRotateAuto;
    
    //缩小
    CABasicAnimation *narrowAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale"];
    narrowAnimation.beginTime = 0.5;
    narrowAnimation.duration = 0.25f;
    narrowAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:2.0f];
    narrowAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.5f];
    narrowAnimation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseOut];
    
    CAAnimationGroup *groups = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
    groups.animations = @[animation,narrowAnimation];
    groups.duration = 0.5f;
    groups.removedOnCompletion=NO;
    groups.fillMode=kCAFillModeForwards;
    groups.delegate = self;
    [layer addAnimation:groups forKey:@"group"];
    }
    

    效果图如下:


    BDA9B7C7F7EF2A142239ACBE13EC1E33.png

    本文demo
    https://github.com/maying1992/UIBezierPathCAShapeLayerDemo.git
    仅供交流学习,喜欢的随手给个星星。
    Have fun!

    参考文献
    http://blog.csdn.net/crayondeng/article/details/11093689
    http://blog.csdn.net/yongyinmg/article/details/38844879

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