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Django LightBlog 博客

Django LightBlog 博客

作者: light_fish | 来源:发表于2019-05-27 19:28 被阅读0次

    LightBlog 博客

    LightBlog博客系统是我用了近四两个月写的一个基于Django的博客系统(这也是很感谢简书的一位dalao,很多启发都是他的博客那的。可以去看看https://www.jianshu.com/p/ce4384ea5e06)。回归正题,本博客基本的功能也是正常博客所拥有的,如用户方面有登录注册,修改密码,个人的首页,个人信息修改,头像剪切上传,个人博客页面,个人博客的编写(基于markdown)。博客方面:用于可以为自己写的博客加栏目分类,博客上传后也是展示在首页,博客也是可以在线修改,有博客点赞功能和简单评论功能等等。前端页面是用一个很小的前端框架搭建——layui。由于该博客有好的方面也有带改进的方面,所以这里就不多一一阐述,该这篇博客也是会一直置顶,更改。欢迎来踩踩(别踩坏了)——LightBlog博客

    个人写博客一般都是hexo先写的,不怎么喜欢简书写,这次写也是纪念一下,很多的功能部分看着篇博客一般是解决不了的,可以看我的自己的博客——LightBlog,或者放在gitee上的 https://lightfisher.gitee.io/blog .这个项目也是放在在我的github上: https://github.com/QGtiger/LightBlog

    1.评论动态添加和删除

    在评论的时候我原本是发出评论就前端界面刷新已完成加载,这次也是无聊进行了优化,用ajax动态加载

    1.首页是后端代码的实现,至于路由的 选择这里就不加阐述了,Just show code

    from django.shortcuts import render,get_object_or_404,HttpResponse
    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
    from django.views.decorators.http import require_POST
    from .models import ArticlePost,Comment
    from django.conf import settings
    import json
    
    
    @csrf_exempt
    def article_content(request, article_id):
        article = get_object_or_404(ArticlePost, id=article_id)
        if request.method == 'POST':
            comment = request.POST.get('comment','')
            user = request.user
            try:
                C = Comment(article=article,commentator=user,body=comment)
                C.save()
                comment_info = {'commentator':user.username,'id': C.id, 'body': C.body, 'created': C.created.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}
                return HttpResponse(json.dumps({"static":200,"tips":"感谢您的评论", 'comment_info':comment_info}))
            except:
                return HttpResponse(json.dumps({"static":500,"tips":"评论系统出现错误"}))
        else:
            total_views = r.incr("article:{}:views".format(article_id))
            r.zincrby('article_ranking', 1, article_id)
            comments = Comment.objects.filter(article=article)
            return render(request, "article/article_content.html", locals())
    

    上述的视图函数也是接收数据后创建数据库对象,然后后端处理数据向前端传送数据已构造前端界面。前端接收数据和发送数据的函数如下

    $('.comment-btn').on('click',function(){
        if($('.username').val()==''){
            layer.msg('请先登录')
        }else{
            var comment = $('.comment_text').val();
            $.ajax({
                url: '{% url "article:article_content" article.id %}',
                type: "POST",
                data: {'comment':comment },
                success: function(e){
                    $('.comment_text').val('');
                    res = JSON.parse(e);
                    if(res.static='200'){
                        console.log(res);
                        commentator = res.comment_info;
                        prepend_li='<li onmouseenter="EnterFunction(this)" onmouseleave="LeaveFunction(this)">'+
                    '<div class="commentator">'+
                        '<div class="commentator-img">'+
                            '<a href="/account/author/'+commentator.commentator+'">'+
                                '<img src="/media/avator/'+commentator.commentator+'.jpg" class="layui-nav-img" alt="">'+
                            '</a>'+
                        '</div>'+
                        '<div class="commentator-info">'+
                            '<a href="/account/author/'+commentator.commentator+'">'+commentator.commentator+'</a>'+
                            '<span style="margin-left:20px">'+commentator.created+'</span>'+
                            '<span style="margin-left:20px"> 人气值: <span class="support-comment">0</span></span>'+
                        '</div>'+
                        '<div class="comment-wrap">'+
                            '<p>'+commentator.body+'</p>'+
                        '</div>'+
                        '<div class="meta">'+
                            '<span onclick="comment_like('+commentator.id+',\'like\',this)"><span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-praise"></i> <span class="comment-like">赞</span></span></span>'+
                            '<span onclick="comment_like('+commentator.id+',\'unlike\',this)"><span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-tread"></i> <span class="comment-unlike">踩</span></span></span>'+
                            '<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="comment_delete('+ commentator.id +', this)" class="comment-tool comment-delete">删 除</a>'+
                        '</div>'+
                    '</div>'+
                '</li>'
    
                        $('.history-comment ul').prepend(prepend_li);
                    }else{
                        layer.msg(res.tips);
                    }
                }
            })
        }
    })
    

    其实这件那一大串js代码只是构造评论标签,好动态加载上去,中间几个函数你可以不用管,你主要的是知道这前后端结合的工作流程~~~(别问,问我也没法告诉你,我不会告诉你aboutme 有点联系方式)

    流程也是蛮简单的,签单单击发送,触发js函数,向后端发送请求和数据,后端接收,然后进行验证和数据库的操作,然后向前端发送response,前端接收和进行响应。是不是很简单呀~~

    评论删除

    眼尖的应该就出来了,评论删除的功能也是类似,这里也是对用户交互之间做了优化,如,鼠标移动到之间的评论是删除,也别人的评论是举报。实现前端代码如下:

    function EnterFunction(e){
        $(e).find('.comment-tool').css('display','block');
    } //移动到评论内就显示
    
    function LeaveFunction(e){
        $(e).find('.comment-tool').css('display','none');
    } //移动出就隐藏
    
    //点击事件
    function comment_delete(id, e){
        if($('.username').val()==''){
            layer.msg('请先登录')
        }else{
            layer.confirm('确定要删除该评论?',{
                btn: ['确定', '取消']
            },function(){
                $.ajax({
                    url: "{% url 'article:comment_delete' %}",
                    method: "POST",
                    data: {'id':id},
                    dataType: 'json',
                    success: function(res){
                        if(res.static=='201'){
                            dom = $(e).parent().parent().parent();
                            dom.remove();
                            layer.msg(res.tips,{icon:1})
                        }else if(res.static=='502'){
                            layer.msg(res.tips,{icon:2})
                        }else{
                            layer.msg(res.tips)
                        }
                    }
                })
            })
        }
    }
    

    后端代码

    @csrf_exempt
    @require_POST
    def comment_delete(request):
        comment_id = request.POST['id']
        comment = Comment.objects.get(id=comment_id)
        try:
            if(request.user == comment.commentator):
                comment.delete()
                return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'static':201, 'tips':'评论已删除'}))
            else:
                return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'static':502, 'tips':"You don't have permission.."}))
        except:
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'static':500, 'tips':'Something Error...'}))
    

    当当,这就是这是实现的代码系不系很简单,主要是思路,嘻嘻,下面是实现的效果

    img

    Redis 简单实现文章浏览次数

    关于redis的基本语法,我上几篇也是简单介绍过了。这次也算是一次简单的运用

    1.首先在settings.py文件中做好数据库的配置

    #redis配置
    REDIS_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
    REDIS_PORT = '6379'
    REDIS_DB = 0
    

    2.在视图函数中和redis建立连接

    import redis
    
    r = redis.Redis(host=settings.REDIS_HOST, port=settings.REDIS_PORT)
    

    3.修改文章页面的视图函数,只需要看GET请求,POST请求是评论

    @csrf_exempt
    def article_content(request, article_id):
        article = get_object_or_404(ArticlePost, id=article_id)
        if request.method == 'POST':
            comment = request.POST.get('comment','')
            user = request.user
            try:
                C = Comment(article=article,commentator=user,body=comment)
                C.save()
                return HttpResponse(json.dumps({"static":200,"tips":"感谢您的评论"}))
            except:
                return HttpResponse(json.dumps({"static":500,"tips":"评论系统出现错误"}))
        else:
            total_views = r.incr("article:{}:views".format(article_id))
            r.zincrby('article_ranking', 1, article_id)
            comments = Comment.objects.filter(article=article)
            return render(request, "article/article_content.html", locals())
    

    4.然后在相应的模板文件内添加

    <span style="margin-left:20px">{{ total_views }} view{{ total_views|pluralize }}</span>
    

    5.效果如下:

    img

    redis 简单实现博客的最受欢迎文章

    修改博客首页的视图函数

    def article_titles(request):
        length = r.zcard('article_ranking')
        article_ranking = r.zrange("article_ranking", 0, length, desc=True)[:5]
        article_ranking_ids = [int(id) for id in article_ranking]
        most_viewed = list(ArticlePost.objects.filter(id__in=article_ranking_ids))
        most_viewed.sort(key=lambda x: article_ranking_ids.index(x.id))
        return render(request,'article/article_titles.html',locals())
    

    然后在模板内增加相应的展示代码

    <div class="article_ranking" style="margin:20px 40px">
            <h3>最受欢迎文章</h3>
            <ol>
                {% for article in most_viewed %}
                <li><a href="{% url 'article:article_content' article.id %}">{{ forloop.counter }}. {{ article.title }}</a></li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ol>
        </div>
    

    实现效果

    img

    对博客评论的评论

    1.首先是在models.py里编写数据库代码,结构如下

    from django.db import models
    from django.utils import timezone
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
    # 在article app下的models里引用相对应的model
    from article.models import Comment, ArticlePost
    
    
    class Comment_reply(models.Model):
        comment_reply = models.ForeignKey(Comment, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="comment_reply") # 回复的主评论
        reply_type = models.IntegerField(default=0) # 回复的类型,0为主评论,1为评论下的评论
        comment_user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="commentator_reply") # 回复人
        commented_user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="commented_user", blank=True, null=True)# 被回复的人
        created = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
        body = models.TextField()
        reply_comment = models.IntegerField(default=0) # 回复那条评论,id
        is_read = models.IntegerField(default=0) # 是否查看,为了应对后面的消息系统
    
        class Meta:
            ordering = ('-created',)
    
        def __str__(self):
            return "Comment by {} on {}".format(self.comment_user, self.created)
    

    2.记得编写完了后生成数据库表,python manage.py makemigrations , python manage.py migrate

    3.然后编写前端代码,向后端动态发送数据

    $('body').on('click', '.comment-reply-btn', function(e){
            if($('.username').val()==''){
                layer.msg('请先登录')
            }else{
                var dom = $(this).parent().parent().parent();
                if(dom.parent().hasClass('commentator-root')){
                    data = {'reply_type': 0,'id': dom.attr('comment_id'), 'body': dom.children("#textarea").val()}
                }else if(dom.parent().hasClass('commentator-child')){
                    data = {'reply_type': 1, 'comment_id': dom.parent().parent().attr('comment_id'), 'id':dom.attr('comment_id'), 'body': dom.children("#textarea").val()}
                }else{
                    layer.msg('别搞我呀..');
                    return;
                }
                console.log(data)
                $.ajax({
                    url: "{% url 'comment:comment_reply' %}",
                    method: "POST",
                    dataType: "json",
                    data: data,
                    success: function(res){
                        if(res.code=='203'){
                            console.log(res.res)
                            layer.msg(res.tips);
                            dom.html('')
                            //console.log(dom)
                            dom.prev().find(".tool-reply").text('回 复')
                            data = res.res
                            item = '<div class="commentator commentator-child" id="comment-child-'+data.id+'" onmouseenter="EnterFunction(this)" onmouseleave="LeaveFunction(this)">'+
                            '<div class="commentator-img">'+
                                '<a href="/account/author/'+data.from+'">'+
                                    '<img src="/media/avator/'+data.from+'.jpg" class="layui-nav-img" alt="">'+
                                '</a>'+
                            '</div>'+
                            '<div class="commentator-info">'+
                                '<a href="/account/author/'+data.from+'" class="commentator-name">'+data.from+'</a>'+
                                '<span style="margin:0 10px">回复</span>'+
                                '<a href="/account/author/'+data.to+'">'+data.to+'</a>'+
                                '<span style="margin-left:20px">'+ data.created+'</span>'+
                            '</div>'+
                            '<div class="comment-wrap">'+
                                '<pre>'+data.body+'</pre>'+
                            '</div>'+
                            '<div class="meta">'+
                                '<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="comment_reply_delete('+data.id+', this)" class="comment-tool comment-delete"><span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-delete"></i> <span>删 除</span></span></a>'+
                            '</div>'+
                            '<div class="reply_input" comment_id="'+data.id+'"></div>'+
                        '</div>'
                            dom.parent().parent().find('.commentator-root').after($(item))
                            is_reply = 0;
                        }else{
                            layer.msg(res.tips);
                        }
                    }
                })
            }
    
        })
    

    4.以上代码就是判断是否是主评论,来改变向后端传输的数据。后端编写路由和视图函数,视图函数如下,路由就不展示了

    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
    from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
    from django.views.decorators.http import require_POST
    from article.models import Comment
    from .models import Comment_reply
    import json
    
    @csrf_exempt
    @require_POST
    def comment_reply(request):
        reply_type = request.POST.get('reply_type','')
        if reply_type == '0':
            id = request.POST.get('id','')
            body = request.POST.get('body','')
            if body.strip() == '':
                return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'code':201,'tips':'内容不能为空'}))
            else:
                try:
                    comment = Comment.objects.get(id=id)
                    user = request.user
                    if user == comment.commentator:
                        return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'code':202,'tips':'别搞我'}))
                    Com = Comment_reply(comment_reply=comment, comment_user=user, commented_user=comment.commentator, body=body)
                    Com.save()
                    comment_info = {'from': user.username,'to':comment.commentator.username , 'id': Com.id, 'body': Com.body,
                                    'created': Com.created.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}
                    return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'code':203, 'tips':'评论成功', 'res':comment_info}))
                except:
                    return HttpResponse(json.dumps({"code": 501, "tips": "评论系统出现错误"}))
        else:
            comment_id = request.POST.get('comment_id','')
            id = request.POST.get('id', '')
            body = request.POST.get('body', '')
            if body.strip() == '':
                return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'code':201,'tips':'内容不能为空'}))
            else:
                try:
                    comment = Comment.objects.get(id=comment_id)
                    comment_reply = Comment_reply.objects.get(id=id)
                    user = request.user
                    if user == comment_reply.comment_user:
                        return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'code':202,'tips':'别搞我'}))
                    Com = Comment_reply(comment_reply=comment, reply_type=1, comment_user=user, reply_comment=id, commented_user=comment_reply.comment_user, body=body)
                    Com.save()
                    comment_info = {'from': user.username, 'to': comment_reply.comment_user.username, 'id': Com.id, 'body': Com.body,
                                    'created': Com.created.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}
                    return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'code': 203, 'tips': '评论成功', 'res': comment_info}))
                except:
                    return HttpResponse(json.dumps({"code": 501, "tips": "评论系统出现错误"}))
    
    

    以上就是Django后端的处理函数,可能有些地方并不是很好,后期再改进。后端处理完数据并数据库保存好后,返回数据,前端接收到后,也是ajax动态加载上去。

    这里主要也是简单的前后端结合实现动态加载,难的是后端的数据库逻辑,So,show you the pic。

    img

    个人界面的优化

    这次也是对个人界面的简单优化,如可以看自己发布的文章,也可以看作者点赞的文章,后面有空也是可以添加用户动态,如,评论或者留言板

    首先这里使用的是layui框架的选项卡组件,在相关的html模板文件添加

    <div class="layui-tab layui-tab-brief" lay-filter="docDemoTabBrief" style="margin: 0 5%">
        <ul class="layui-tab-title">
            <li class="layui-this">个人文章</li>
            <li>点赞文章</li>
        </ul>
        <div class="layui-tab-content" style="height: 100px;">
            <ul class="layui-tab-item layui-show" id="flow_myself"></ul>
            <ul class="layui-tab-item" id="flow_article"></ul>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    

    然后下面就是运用layui框架的流加载

    <script type="text/javascript">
        layui.use(['layer','flow','element'],function(){
            var layer = layui.layer;
            var flow = layui.flow;
            var element = layui.element;
    
            flow.load({
                elem: "#flow_myself",
                is_Auto:true,
                end: "emm,nothing next",
                is_Lazyimg: true,
                done: function(page,next){
                    var lis = '';
                    $.get('/account/article_page/{{user.username}}?page='+page, function(e){
                        parse_res = JSON.parse(e)
                        res = parse_res.data
                        page_num = parse_res.page_num
                        console.log(res)
                        for(var i = 0; i < res.length; i++){
    
                            var item = '<!-- 此处省略动态加载html代码 -->'
    
                            lis+=item;
    
                        }
                        next(lis,page<page_num)
                    })
    
    
                }
            })
    
            flow.load({
                elem: "#flow_article",
                is_Auto:true,
                end: "emm,nothing next",
                is_Lazyimg: true,
                done: function(page,next){
                    var lis = '';
                    $.get('/account/article_like/{{ user.username }}?page='+page, function(e){
                        parse_res = JSON.parse(e)
                        res = parse_res.data
                        page_num = parse_res.page_num
                        console.log(res)
                        for(var i = 0; i < res.length; i++){
    
                            var item = '<!-- 此处省略动态加载html代码 -->'
    
                            lis+=item;
    
                        }
                        next(lis,page<page_num)
                    })
    
    
                }
            })
        })
    </script>
    

    关于流加载layui框架也是有详细介绍,我之前的文章也是有过简单介绍。然后就是django的后端处理返回数据,前端接收动态加载html页面了,这里的话,我就只介绍用户点赞文章的后台返回数据的视图函数

    from django.core.paginator import PageNotAnInteger,Paginator,EmptyPage
    import json
    
    def article_like(request, username):
        user = User.objects.get(username=username)
        articles = user.users_like.all() #反向查询点赞文章
        paginator = Paginator(articles, 6) # 分页
        page = request.GET.get('page')
        try:
            current_page = paginator.page(page)
            article_list = current_page.object_list
        except PageNotAnInteger:
            current_page = paginator.page(1)
            article_list = current_page.object_list
        except EmptyPage:
            current_page = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
            article_list = current_page.object_list
        articles_json = []
        for i in range(len(article_list)):
            articles_json.append({'id': article_list[i].id, 'title': article_list[i].title,
                                  'updated': article_list[i].updated.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
                                  'author': article_list[i].author.username,
                                  'body': article_list[i].body[:70], 'users_like': article_list[i].users_like.count()})
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'code':201, 'data':articles_json, 'page_num':paginator.num_pages}))
    
    

    这里就是简单的处理数据并返回数据构成前端页面,这里的话,可能关系到models文件的数据库对象,这里也是不展示了,你可以去我的githup上git clone下来看看。地址

    下面就是简单的实现图

    img

    发布时间的优化

    效果图如下

    img

    实现就很简单了,js代码如下,后端返回数据时间戳,前端接收时间戳并进行转化,这里也是我后端转化为时间戳遇到的问题,数据库里是datetime类型,你就需要使用time.mktime(datetime.timetuple()),这里的datetime就是要转换时间类型

    var Time = {
        // 获取当前时间戳
        getUnix: function(){
            var date = new Date();
            return date.getTime();
        },
        // 获取今天0:0的时间戳
        getTodayUnix: function(){
            var date = new Date();
            date.setHours(0);
            date.setMilliseconds(0);
            date.setMinutes(0);
            date.setSeconds(0);
            return date.getTime();
        },
        // 获取今年的1月1号0时0分的时间戳
        getYearUnix: function(){
            var date = new Date();
            date.setHours(0);
            date.setMilliseconds(0);
            date.setMinutes(0);
            date.setSeconds(0);
            date.setMonth(0);
            date.setDate(1);
            return date.getTime();
        },
        //获取标准年月日
        getLastDate: function(timestamp){
            var date = new Date(timestamp);
            var month = date.getMonth() + 1<10?'0'+(date.getMonth() + 1):date.getMonth() + 1;
            var day = date.getDate() <10?'0'+date.getDate():date.getDate();
            return date.getFullYear() + "-"+month+"-"+day;
        },
        //转换时间
        getFormatTime: function(time){
            var timestamp = time * 1000;
            var now = this.getUnix();
            var today = this.getTodayUnix();
            var year = this.getYearUnix();
            var timer = (now-timestamp)/1000;
            var tips = '';
            if(Math.floor(timer)<60){
                tips = '刚刚';
            }else if(timer<3600){
                tips = Math.floor(timer/60)+'分钟前';
            }else if(timer>=3600 && (timestamp-today>=0)){
                tips = Math.floor(timer/3600)+'小时前';
            }else if(timer/86400<=31){
                tips = Math.ceil(timer/86400)+'天前';
            }else{
                tips = this.getLastDate(timestamp);
            }
            return tips;
        }
    }
    




    其实主要还是redis相应的函数需要理解,So

    Just have fun..

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