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01 NIO 文件编程

01 NIO 文件编程

作者: 攻城老狮 | 来源:发表于2021-09-29 08:45 被阅读0次

    一 ByteBuffer

    1 API使用案例

    1.1 使用方式

    • 向 buffer 写入数据,例如调用 channel.read(buffer)
    • 调用 flip() 切换至模式
      • flip会使得buffer中的limit变为position,position变为0
    • 从 buffer 读取数据,例如调用 buffer.get()
    • 调用 clear() 或者compact()切换至模式
      • 调用clear()方法时position=0,limit变为capacity
      • 调用compact()方法时,会将缓冲区中的未读数据压缩到缓冲区前面
    • 重复以上步骤

    1.2 使用ByteBuffer读取文件中的内容

    public class ByteBufferTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            // 获得FileChannel
            try (FileChannel channel = new FileInputStream("data.txt").getChannel()) {
                // 获得缓冲区
                ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
                int hasNext = 0;
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                while ((hasNext = channel.read(buffer))>0){
                    // 切换读模式
                    buffer.flip();
                    // 当buffer中还有数据时,获取其中的数据
                    while (buffer.hasRemaining()){
                        sb.append((char)buffer.get());
                    }
                    // 切换写模式
                    buffer.clear();
                }
                System.out.println(sb.toString());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    • result
    0123456789abcdef
    

    2 内部结构

    2.1 核心属性解读

    字节缓冲区的父类Buffer中有几个核心属性

    • capacity:缓冲区的容量。通过构造函数赋予,一旦设置,无法更改
    • limit:缓冲区的界限。位于limit 后的数据不可读写。缓冲区的限制不能为负,并且不能大于其容量
    • position下一个读写位置的索引。缓冲区的位置不能为负,并且不能大于limit
    • mark:记录当前position的值。position被改变后,可以通过调用reset() 方法恢复到mark的位置。
    // Invariants: mark <= position <= limit <= capacity
    private int mark = -1;
    private int position = 0;
    private int limit;
    private int capacity;
    

    2.2 API调用对核心属性的修改

    1. put()方法
    • put()方法可以将一个数据放入到缓冲区中。
    • 进行该操作后,postition的值会+1,指向下一个可以放入的位置。capacity = limit ,为缓冲区容量的值。
    20201109145709.png
    1. flip()方法
    • flip()方法会切换对缓冲区的操作模式,由写->读
    • 进行该操作后 position = 0 , limit 指向最后一个元素的下一个位置,capacity不变
    20201109145753.png
    1. get()方法
    • get()方法会读取缓冲区中的一个值
    • 进行该操作后,position会+1,如果超过了limit则会抛出异常
    • 注意:get(i)方法不会改变position的值
    20201109145822.png
    1. rewind()方法
    • 该方法只能在读模式下使用
    • rewind()方法后,会恢复position、limit和capacity的值,变为进行get()前的值
    20201109145852.png
    1. clean()方法
    • clean()方法会将缓冲区中的各个属性恢复为最初的状态,position = 0, capacity = limit
    • 此时缓冲区的数据依然存在,处于“被遗忘”状态,下次进行写操作时会覆盖这些数据
    20201109145905.png
    1. mark() reset()方法
    • mark()方法会将postion的值保存到mark属性中
    • reset()方法会将position的值改为mark中保存的值
    1. compact()方法
    • compact会把未读完的数据向前压缩,然后切换到写模式
    • 数据前移后,原位置的值并未清零,写时会覆盖之前的值
    • 此方法是ByteBuffer的方法,不是Buffer的方法
    20210412155726.png

    注意:clear只是对position、limit、mark进行重置,而compact在对position进行设置,以及limit、mark进行重置的同时,还涉及到数据在内存中拷贝(会调用arraycopy)。所以compact比clear更耗性能。但compact能保存你未读取的数据,将新数据追加到为读取的数据之后;而clear则不行,若你调用了clear,则未读取的数据就无法再读取到了

    2.3 相关方法调用

    2.3.1 ByteBuffer调试工具类
    1. 导入netty依赖
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
      <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.51.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    
    1. 工具类
    import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
    
    import io.netty.util.internal.MathUtil;
    import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;
    import io.netty.util.internal.MathUtil.*;
    
    
    /**
     * @author Panwen Chen
     * @date 2021/4/12 15:59
     */
    public class ByteBufferUtil {
        private static final char[] BYTE2CHAR = new char[256];
        private static final char[] HEXDUMP_TABLE = new char[256 * 4];
        private static final String[] HEXPADDING = new String[16];
        private static final String[] HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES = new String[65536 >>> 4];
        private static final String[] BYTE2HEX = new String[256];
        private static final String[] BYTEPADDING = new String[16];
    
        static {
            final char[] DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
            for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
                HEXDUMP_TABLE[i << 1] = DIGITS[i >>> 4 & 0x0F];
                HEXDUMP_TABLE[(i << 1) + 1] = DIGITS[i & 0x0F];
            }
    
            int i;
    
            // Generate the lookup table for hex dump paddings
            for (i = 0; i < HEXPADDING.length; i++) {
                int padding = HEXPADDING.length - i;
                StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding * 3);
                for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) {
                    buf.append("   ");
                }
                HEXPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
            }
    
            // Generate the lookup table for the start-offset header in each row (up to 64KiB).
            for (i = 0; i < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length; i++) {
                StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(12);
                buf.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE);
                buf.append(Long.toHexString(i << 4 & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
                buf.setCharAt(buf.length() - 9, '|');
                buf.append('|');
                HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[i] = buf.toString();
            }
    
            // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-hex-dump conversion
            for (i = 0; i < BYTE2HEX.length; i++) {
                BYTE2HEX[i] = ' ' + StringUtil.byteToHexStringPadded(i);
            }
    
            // Generate the lookup table for byte dump paddings
            for (i = 0; i < BYTEPADDING.length; i++) {
                int padding = BYTEPADDING.length - i;
                StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding);
                for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) {
                    buf.append(' ');
                }
                BYTEPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
            }
    
            // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-char conversion
            for (i = 0; i < BYTE2CHAR.length; i++) {
                if (i <= 0x1f || i >= 0x7f) {
                    BYTE2CHAR[i] = '.';
                } else {
                    BYTE2CHAR[i] = (char) i;
                }
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 打印所有内容
         * @param buffer
         */
        public static void debugAll(ByteBuffer buffer) {
            int oldlimit = buffer.limit();
            buffer.limit(buffer.capacity());
            StringBuilder origin = new StringBuilder(256);
            appendPrettyHexDump(origin, buffer, 0, buffer.capacity());
            System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+");
            System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\n", buffer.position(), oldlimit);
            System.out.println(origin);
            buffer.limit(oldlimit);
        }
    
        /**
         * 打印可读取内容
         * @param buffer
         */
        public static void debugRead(ByteBuffer buffer) {
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(256);
            appendPrettyHexDump(builder, buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.limit() - buffer.position());
            System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- read -----------------------+----------------+");
            System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\n", buffer.position(), buffer.limit());
            System.out.println(builder);
        }
    
        private static void appendPrettyHexDump(StringBuilder dump, ByteBuffer buf, int offset, int length) {
            if (MathUtil.isOutOfBounds(offset, length, buf.capacity())) {
                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
                        "expected: " + "0 <= offset(" + offset + ") <= offset + length(" + length
                                + ") <= " + "buf.capacity(" + buf.capacity() + ')');
            }
            if (length == 0) {
                return;
            }
            dump.append(
                    "         +-------------------------------------------------+" +
                            StringUtil.NEWLINE + "         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |" +
                            StringUtil.NEWLINE + "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
    
            final int startIndex = offset;
            final int fullRows = length >>> 4;
            final int remainder = length & 0xF;
    
            // Dump the rows which have 16 bytes.
            for (int row = 0; row < fullRows; row++) {
                int rowStartIndex = (row << 4) + startIndex;
    
                // Per-row prefix.
                appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, row, rowStartIndex);
    
                // Hex dump
                int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + 16;
                for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                    dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                }
                dump.append(" |");
    
                // ASCII dump
                for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                    dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                }
                dump.append('|');
            }
    
            // Dump the last row which has less than 16 bytes.
            if (remainder != 0) {
                int rowStartIndex = (fullRows << 4) + startIndex;
                appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, fullRows, rowStartIndex);
    
                // Hex dump
                int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + remainder;
                for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                    dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                }
                dump.append(HEXPADDING[remainder]);
                dump.append(" |");
    
                // Ascii dump
                for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                    dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                }
                dump.append(BYTEPADDING[remainder]);
                dump.append('|');
            }
    
            dump.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE +
                    "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
        }
    
        private static void appendHexDumpRowPrefix(StringBuilder dump, int row, int rowStartIndex) {
            if (row < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length) {
                dump.append(HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[row]);
            } else {
                dump.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE);
                dump.append(Long.toHexString(rowStartIndex & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
                dump.setCharAt(dump.length() - 9, '|');
                dump.append('|');
            }
        }
    
        public static short getUnsignedByte(ByteBuffer buffer, int index) {
            return (short) (buffer.get(index) & 0xFF);
        }
    }
    
    2.3.2 调用ByteBuffer方法查看内部结构
    public class ByteBufferCoreTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
            // 向buffer中写入1个字节的数据
            buffer.put((byte)97);
            ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer);
            // 向buffer中写入4个字节的数据
            buffer.put(new byte[]{98,99,100,101});
            ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer);
            // 切换读模式,获取数据
            buffer.flip();
            ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer);
            System.out.println(buffer.get());
            System.out.println(buffer.get());
            ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer);
                    // 使用compact切换写模式
            buffer.compact();
            ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer);
            // 再次写入
            buffer.put((byte)102);
            buffer.put((byte)103);
            ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer);
        }
    }
    
    • result
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [1], limit: [10]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 61 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00                   |a.........      |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [5], limit: [10]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 61 62 63 64 65 00 00 00 00 00                   |abcde.....      |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [0], limit: [5]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 61 62 63 64 65 00 00 00 00 00                   |abcde.....      |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    97
    98
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [2], limit: [5]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 61 62 63 64 65 00 00 00 00 00                   |abcde.....      |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [3], limit: [10]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 63 64 65 64 65 00 00 00 00 00                   |cdede.....      |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [5], limit: [10]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 63 64 65 66 67 00 00 00 00 00                   |cdefg.....      |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    
    

    2.4 字符串和ByteBuffer转换

    1. 方法一,通过StandardCharsets的encode和decode方法
    public class Translate {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            String str1 = "Hello World";
            String str2 = "";
    
            // 通过StandardCharsets的encode方法获得ByteBuffer
            // 此时获得的ByteBuffer为读模式,无需通过flip切换模式
            ByteBuffer buffer = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.encode(str1);
            ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer);
    
            //如果差人一次get()则最后打印的字符串变为 ello World,原因是position目前的位置变为1,导致读取时忽略了position=0位置的数据
            //System.out.println(buffer.get()); 
          
            // 将缓冲区中的数据转化为字符串
            // 通过StandardCharsets解码,获得CharBuffer,再通过toString获得字符串
            str2 = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.decode(buffer).toString();
            System.out.println(str2);
            ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer);
        }
    }
    
    • result
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [0], limit: [11]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 00             |Hello World.    |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    Hello World
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [11], limit: [11]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 00             |Hello World.    |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    
    1. 方法二,将字节数组传给ByteBuffer的wrap()方法,通过该方法获得ByteBuffer。同样无需调用flip方法切换为读模式
    public class Translate {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            String str1 = "Hello World";
            String str2 = "";
    
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(str1.getBytes());
            ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer);
    
            str2 = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.decode(buffer).toString();
            System.out.println(str2);
            ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer);
        }
    }
    
    • result
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [0], limit: [11]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 6f 72 6c 64                |Hello World     |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    Hello World
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [11], limit: [11]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 6f 72 6c 64                |Hello World     |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    

    2.5 粘包与半包

    2.5.1 现象

    网络上有多条数据发送给服务端,数据之间使用 \n 进行分隔
    但由于某种原因这些数据在接收时,被进行了重新组合,例如原始数据有3条为

    • Hello,world\n
    • I’m Nyima\n
    • How are you?\n

    变成了下面的两个 byteBuffer (粘包,半包)

    • Hello,world\nI’m Nyima\nHo
    • w are you?\n
    2.5.2 解决办法
    public class ByteBufferPackageTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(32);
            // 模拟粘包+半包
            buffer.put("Hello,world\nI'm Nyima\nHo".getBytes());
            // 调用split函数处理
            split(buffer);
            buffer.put("w are you?\n".getBytes());
            split(buffer);
        }
    
        public static void split(ByteBuffer buffer){
            // 切换为读模式
            buffer.flip();
            for (int i = 0; i < buffer.limit(); i++) {
                // 遍历寻找分隔符
                // get(i)不会移动position
                if (buffer.get(i) == '\n'){
                    // 缓冲区长度
                    int length = i + 1 - buffer.position();
                    ByteBuffer target = ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
                    // 将前面的内容写入target缓冲区
                    for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
                        // 将buffer中的数据写入target中
                        target.put(buffer.get());
                    }
                    ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(target);
                }
            }
            // 切换为写模式,但是缓冲区可能未读完,这里需要使用compact
            buffer.compact();
        }
    }
    
    • result
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [12], limit: [12]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 2c 77 6f 72 6c 64 0a             |Hello,world.    |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [10], limit: [10]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 49 27 6d 20 4e 79 69 6d 61 0a                   |I'm Nyima.      |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+
    position: [13], limit: [13]
             +-------------------------------------------------+
             |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    |00000000| 48 6f 77 20 61 72 65 20 79 6f 75 3f 0a          |How are you?.   |
    +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
    

    二 文件编程

    1 FileChannel

    FileChannel只能在阻塞模式下工作,所以无法搭配Selector

    1.1 获取channel

    不能直接打开 FileChannel,必须通过 FileInputStream、FileOutputStream 或者 RandomAccessFile 来获取 FileChannel,它们都有 getChannel 方法

    • 通过 FileInputStream 获取的 channel 只能读
    • 通过 FileOutputStream 获取的 channel 只能写
    • 通过 RandomAccessFile 是否能读写根据构造 RandomAccessFile 时的读写模式决定

    1.2 读取channel

    通过 FileInputStream 获取channel,通过read方法将数据写入到ByteBuffer中,read方法的返回值表示读到了多少字节,若读到了文件末尾则返回-1

    int readBytes = channel.read(buffer);
    

    根据返回值判断是否读取完毕

    while(channel.read(buffer) > 0) {
        // 进行对应操作
        ...
    }
    

    1.3 写入channel

    因为channel也是有大小的,所以 write 方法并不能保证一次将 buffer 中的内容全部写入 channel。需要按照以下规则进行写入

    // 通过hasRemaining()方法查看缓冲区中是否还有数据未写入到通道中
    while(buffer.hasRemaining()) {
        channel.write(buffer);
    }
    

    1.4 关闭channel

    通道需要close,一般情况通过try-with-resource进行关闭,最好使用以下方法获取stream以及channel,避免某些原因使得资源未被关闭

    public class TestChannel {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("stu.txt");
                 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("student.txt");
                 FileChannel inputChannel = fis.getChannel();
                 FileChannel outputChannel = fos.getChannel()) {
                
                // 执行对应操作
                ...
                    
            }
        }
    }
    

    2 两个channel传输数据

    使用transferTo方法可以快速、高效地将一个channel中的数据传输到另一个channel中,但一次只能传输2G的内容,transferTo底层使用了零拷贝技术

    public class TransferToTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try (FileChannel inputChannel = new FileInputStream("data.txt").getChannel();
                 FileChannel outputChannel = new FileOutputStream("data2.txt").getChannel()) {
                // 参数:inputChannel的起始位置,传输数据的大小,目的channel
                // 返回值为传输的数据的字节数
                // transferTo一次只能传输2G的数据
                inputChannel.transferTo(0,inputChannel.size(),outputChannel);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    

    当传输的文件大于2G时,需要使用以下方法进行多次传输

    public class TransferToTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try (FileChannel inputChannel = new FileInputStream("data.txt").getChannel();
                 FileChannel outputChannel = new FileOutputStream("data2.txt").getChannel()) {
                long size = inputChannel.size();
                long capacity = inputChannel.size();
                // 分多次传输
                while (capacity > 0){
                    // transferTo返回值为传输了的字节数
                    capacity -= inputChannel.transferTo(size-capacity,capacity,outputChannel);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    

    3 Path和Paths

    • Path 用来表示文件路径
    • Paths 是工具类,用来获取 Path 实例
    Path source = Paths.get("1.txt"); // 相对路径 不带盘符 使用 user.dir 环境变量来定位 1.txt
    Path source = Paths.get("d:\\1.txt"); // 绝对路径代表了  d:\1.txt 反斜杠需要转义
    Path source = Paths.get("d:/1.txt"); // 绝对路径同样代表了  d:\1.txt
    Path projects = Paths.get("d:\\data", "projects"); // 代表了  d:\data\projects
    
    • . 代表了当前路径
    • .. 代表了上一级路径

    4 Files

    4.1 查找

    Path path = Paths.get("helloword/data.txt");
    System.out.println(Files.exists(path)); //检查文件是否存在
    

    4.2 创建

    • 创建一级目录
      • 如果目录已存在,会抛异常 FileAlreadyExistsException
      • 不能一次创建多级目录,否则会抛异常 NoSuchFileException
    Path path = Paths.get("helloword/d1");
    Files.createDirectory(path);
    
    • 创建多级目录
    Path path = Paths.get("helloword/d1/d2");
    Files.createDirectories(path);
    

    4.3 拷贝和移动

    • 拷贝文件
      • 如果文件已存在,会抛异常 FileAlreadyExistsException
    Path source = Paths.get("helloword/data.txt");
    Path target = Paths.get("helloword/target.txt");
    Files.copy(source, target);
    //如果希望用 source 覆盖掉 target,需要用 StandardCopyOption 来控制
    //Files.copy(source, target, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
    
    • 移动文件
    Path source = Paths.get("helloword/data.txt");
    Path target = Paths.get("helloword/data.txt");
    //StandardCopyOption.ATOMIC_MOVE 保证文件移动的原子性
    Files.move(source, target, StandardCopyOption.ATOMIC_MOVE);
    

    4.4 删除

    • 删除文件
      • 如果文件不存在,会抛异常 NoSuchFileException
    Path target = Paths.get("helloword/target.txt");
    Files.delete(target);
    
    • 删除目录
      • 如果目录还有内容,会抛异常 DirectoryNotEmptyException
    Path target = Paths.get("helloword/d1");
    Files.delete(target);
    

    4.5 遍历文件

    可以使用Files工具类中的walkFileTree(Path, FileVisitor)方法,其中需要传入两个参数

    • Path:文件起始路径

    • FileVisitor:文件访问器,

      使用访问者模式

      • 接口的实现类

        SimpleFileVisitor

        有四个方法

        • preVisitDirectory:访问目录前的操作
        • visitFile:访问文件的操作
        • visitFileFailed:访问文件失败时的操作
        • postVisitDirectory:访问目录后的操作
    public class WalkFileTreeTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            Path path = Paths.get("/Users/yorick/Documents/leisure");
            // 文件目录数目
            AtomicInteger dirCount = new AtomicInteger();
            // 文件数目
            AtomicInteger fileCount = new AtomicInteger();
    
            Files.walkFileTree(path,new SimpleFileVisitor<Path>(){
                @Override
                public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
                    System.out.println("===>"+dir);
                    // 增加文件目录数
                    dirCount.incrementAndGet();
                    return super.preVisitDirectory(dir, attrs);
                }
    
                @Override
                public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
                    System.out.println(file);
                    // 增加文件数
                    fileCount.incrementAndGet();
                    return super.visitFile(file, attrs);
                }
            });
            // 打印数目
            System.out.println(dirCount);
            System.out.println(fileCount);
        }
    }
    

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