1.场景
web程序中,对用户请求,经常会对请求进行拦截处理,常用的处理方式如下:
- Filter
- Interceptor
- AOP
在此基于SpringBoot的web程序,进行这三种拦截方式的说明。
2.区别
三种拦截方式的区别如下:
依赖 | Servlet容器 | Spring Web | Spring |
---|---|---|---|
基于实现 | 回调机制 | 反射机制(AOP思想) | 动态代理 |
类别 | Filter | Interceptor | AOP |
实现方式 | 实现接口Filter | 实现接口HandlerInterceptor | 注解@Aspect |
作用范围 | 所有URL请求(可过滤) | 所有Controller的action 包括自己定义的和其他组件定义的 | spring的bean(可过滤) |
可操作数据 | 原始Http请求信息: ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response | (1)Http请求信息: HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, (2)springMvc执行的方法信息: HandlerMethod handlerMethod (3)返回结果(执行Action方法后,不报错): ModelAndView modelAndView (4)异常信息(执行Action方法后): Exception ex | 请求参数 返回结果 异常信息 |
不可操作数据 | 执行方法相关信息 | ResponseBody的返回结果 | http请求信息 |
相关方法 | doFilter | preHandle postHandle afterCompletion@ | @Aspect @Pointcut @Before @After @Around |
用途 | 字符编码, 鉴权操作, 防重复提交 记录执行时间, 脱敏信息、 过滤敏感词、 多租户切换 ...... | 字符编码 鉴权操作 防重复提交 异常记录 ...... | 日志记录 异常记录 数据源切换 请求埋点 ...... |
3.请求顺序
基于SpringBoot的web程序,Filter、Interceptor、Aop的请求顺序如下:
Filter -> Interceptor ->AOP -> Controller
image-20210512172914548.png4.版本
4.1 maven依赖
Filter和Interceptor有spring-boot-starter-web依赖即可:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
AOP依赖的aspectJ需要额外的maven依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
<version>2.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
4.2 测试Controller
package com.wangcp.intercept.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 测试类
* @author wangcp
* @date 2021/05/12 15:45
**/
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/my")
public class MyController {
@GetMapping(value = "/test")
public Map<String,Object> test(String userName , String age){
String message = "[Controller Action]:userName=" + userName + ";age=" + age;
System.out.println(message);
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("success",true);
map.put("message",message);
return map;
}
}
5.Filter代码实现
5.1 说明
1.实现接口
实现接口:javax.servlet.Filter
2.核心方法
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {}
5.2 定义
1.定义Filter
package com.wangcp.intercept.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 计算执行时间Filter
* @author wangcp
* @date 2021/05/12 15:50
**/
public class TimerFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
long begin = new Date().getTime();
System.out.println("[Filter-Time]:进入Filter");
// 执行servlet方法(如拦截请求,不执行servlet,可不执行此方法)
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest , servletResponse);
long end = new Date().getTime();
System.out.println("[Filter-Time]:结束Filter,共" + (end - begin) + "毫秒");
}
}
2.配置
package com.wangcp.intercept.filter.config;
import com.wangcp.intercept.filter.TimerFilter;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* filter配置类
* @author wangcp
* @date 2021/05/12 15:54
**/
@Configuration
public class WebFilterConfig {
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean timerFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
// 设置:实现类
registrationBean.setFilter(new TimerFilter());
// 设置:UrlPatterns (要拦截的url)
registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
// 设置:优先级
registrationBean.setOrder(1);
return registrationBean;
}
}
5.3 测试
1.测试请求
http://localhost:8080/my/test?userName=wangcp&age=18
2.输出结果
[Filter-Time]:进入Filter
[Controller Action]:userName=wangcp;age=18
[Filter-Time]:结束Filter,共40毫秒
5.4 配置顺序
// 设置:优先级
registrationBean.setOrder(1);
6.HandlerInterceptor 代码实现
6.1 说明
1.实现接口
实现接口:org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor
2.核心方法
各方法详细介绍可查看: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41767154/article/details/84648873
// 调用Controller方法之前
boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception;
// 在当前这个Interceptor的preHandle方法返回值为true的时候才会执行
void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,@Nullable ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception;
// 也是需要当前对应的Interceptor的preHandle方法的返回值为true时才会执行
void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,@Nullable Exception ex) throws Exception;
6.2 定义
1.定义Interceptor
package com.wangcp.intercept.interceptor;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* 鉴权拦截器
* @author wangcp
* @date 2021/05/12 16:05
* https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41767154/article/details/84648873
**/
@Component
public class AuthInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
/**
* 调用Controller方法之前
* @author wangcp
* @date 2021/05/12 16:06
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @return boolean
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("[Interceptor-auth]:进入preHandle");
if(handler instanceof HandlerMethod){
HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
System.out.println("[Interceptor-auth]:访问信息=" + handlerMethod.getShortLogMessage());
// 获取head鉴权信息
String sign = request.getHeader("sign");
if (!"123456".equals(sign)) {
// 鉴权不通过
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("success", false);
jsonObject.put("message", "鉴权失败");
writer.write(jsonObject.toJSONString());
writer.flush();
writer.close();
System.out.println("[Interceptor-auth]:----------鉴权不通过----------");
System.out.println("[Interceptor-auth]:结束preHandle");
return false;
} else {
// 鉴权通过
System.out.println("[Interceptor-auth]:----------鉴权通过----------");
System.out.println("[Interceptor-auth]:结束preHandle");
return true;
}
}
System.out.println("[Interceptor-auth]:结束preHandle");
// 返回true为通过校验,返回false为不通过校验
return true;
}
/**
* 在当前这个Interceptor的preHandle方法返回值为true的时候才会执行
* 执行时机:在DispatcherServlet进行视图的渲染之前执行,也就是说在这个方法中你可以对ModelAndView进行操作
* @author wangcp
* @date 2021/05/12 16:07
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param modelAndView
* @return void
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("[Interceptor-auth]:postHandle ModelAndView=" + JSONObject.toJSONString(modelAndView));
}
/**
* 也是需要当前对应的Interceptor的preHandle方法的返回值为true时才会执行
* 执行时机:该方法将在整个请求完成之后,也就是DispatcherServlet渲染了视图执行
* (这个方法的主要作用是用于清理资源的)
* @author wangcp
* @date 2021/05/12 16:07
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param ex
* @return void
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("[Interceptor-auth]:afterCompletion Exception=" + JSONObject.toJSONString(ex));
}
}
2.配置
package com.wangcp.intercept.interceptor.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
/**
* WEB统一配置
* @author wangcp
* @date 2021/05/12 16:20
**/
@Component
public class GlobalWebMvcConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Autowired
private HandlerInterceptor authInterceptor;
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(authInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");
// 支持定义多个PathPattern和excludePathPatterns
// registry.addInterceptor(authInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/xxx","/**").excludePathPatterns("/yyy","/zzz");
}
}
6.3 测试
1.正向测试
请求:
http://localhost:8080/my/test?userName=wangcp&age=18
请求head:sign=123456
输出结果:
[Interceptor-auth]:进入preHandle
[Interceptor-auth]:访问信息=com.wangcp.intercept.controller.MyController#test[2 args]
[Interceptor-auth]:----------鉴权通过----------
[Interceptor-auth]:结束preHandle
[Controller Action]:userName=wangcp;age=18
[Interceptor-auth]:postHandle ModelAndView=null
[Interceptor-auth]:afterCompletion Exception=null
请求结果:
{
"success": true,
"message": "[Controller Action]:userName=wangcp;age=18"
}
2.逆向测试
请求:
http://localhost:8080/my/test?userName=wangcp&age=18
请求head:sign=8888
输出结果:
[Interceptor-auth]:进入preHandle
[Interceptor-auth]:访问信息=com.wangcp.intercept.controller.MyController#test[2 args]
[Interceptor-auth]:----------鉴权不通过----------
[Interceptor-auth]:结束preHandle
请求结果:
{
"success": false,
"message": "鉴权失败"
}
7.AOP代码实现
7.1 说明
相关注解
各注解详细介绍可参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45515432/article/details/104187326
org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect
org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut
org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before
org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After
org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around
7.2 定义
package com.wangcp.intercept.aop;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* AOP实现拦截请求
* @author wangcp
* @date 2021/05/12 16:34
* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45515432/article/details/104187326
**/
@Component
@Order(1)
@Aspect
public class LogApp {
@Pointcut("execution(public * com.wangcp..controller..*(..))")
public void log() {
}
@Before("log()")
public void doBefore(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
System.out.println("[AOP-log]:Before");
}
@After("log()")
public void doAfter(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
System.out.println("[AOP-log]:After");
}
@Around("log()")
public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("[AOP-log]:Around-进入");
// 请求参数
System.out.println("[AOP-log]:Around-请求参数="+ JSONObject.toJSONString(joinPoint.getArgs()));
// 执行切面方法
Object object = joinPoint.proceed();
// 执行结果
System.out.println("[AOP-log]:Around-执行结果="+ JSONObject.toJSONString(object));
System.out.println("[AOP-log]:Around-结束");
return object;
}
}
7.3 测试
1.测试请求
http://localhost:8080/my/test?userName=wangcp&age=18
2.输出结果
[AOP-log]:Around-进入
[AOP-log]:Around-请求参数=["wangcp","18"]
[AOP-log]:Before
[Controller Action]:userName=wangcp;age=18
[AOP-log]:After
[AOP-log]:Around-执行结果={"success":true,"message":"[Controller Action]:userName=wangcp;age=18"}
[AOP-log]:Around-结束
3.请求结果
{"success":true,"message":"[Controller Action]:userName=wangcp;age=18"}
8.汇总测试
同时打开上述的Filter,Interceptor,AOP,一起来拦截请求。
1.测试请求
http://localhost:8080/my/test?userName=wangcp&age=18
请求head:sign=123456
2.输出结果
[Filter-Time]:进入Filter
[Interceptor-auth]:进入preHandle
[Interceptor-auth]:访问信息=com.wangcp.intercept.controller.MyController#test[2 args]
[Interceptor-auth]:----------鉴权通过----------
[Interceptor-auth]:结束preHandle
[AOP-log]:Around-进入
[AOP-log]:Around-请求参数=["wangcp","18"]
[AOP-log]:Before
[Controller Action]:userName=wangcp;age=18
[AOP-log]:After
[AOP-log]:Around-执行结果={"success":true,"message":"[Controller Action]:userName=wangcp;age=18"}
[AOP-log]:Around-结束
[Interceptor-auth]:postHandle ModelAndView=null
[Interceptor-auth]:afterCompletion Exception=null
[Filter-Time]:结束Filter,共1毫秒
输出顺序与文章开头请求顺序讲解一致。
3.请求结果
{
"success": true,
"message": "[Controller Action]:userName=wangcp;age=18"
}
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