商务阅读01

（文章来源于网络，侵删，个人翻译水平不好，如有不当之处，欢迎指正）

原文

Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).

比尔盖茨，微软董事长，一个没有获得大学学位的亿万富翁，他的成功使人们对商界最受欢迎的头衔：工商管硕士（MBA）的价值产生了新的疑虑。

The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.

工商管理硕士，20世纪的产物，在哲学和文学等纯学科包围的绿茵林立的校园中始终是低商业（翻译不太准确，欢迎小伙伴指正）和贪婪的代名词。

But even with therecession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony (宣言) to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.

但即使经济衰退明显缩减了对商学院毕业生的招生，而1993年预计将有79,000人获得MBA学位。这几乎是1960年商科毕业人数的16倍，这证明了人们普遍认为MBA对那些希望某一天能够经营公司的年轻男女至关重要。

“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”

“如果你想进入企业界，没有MBA仍是一大软肋”，市场营销与管理科学教授Donald Morrison如是说，“但是在过去的五年左右的时间里，当有人问，‘我是否应该拿一个MBA学位’，答案绝大多数是：是的。”

The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.

比尔盖茨和沃尔玛已故的山姆·沃尔顿等非MBA毕业生的成功，在一定程度上引发了商学院校园里关于商学学位价值以及是否可以教授管理技能的自觉辩论（or 反思）。

The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.

哈佛商业评论印刷了一组生动、虚构的来往信件，戏剧性的吐槽商业学位持有者。

The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”

这篇文章称 MBA的招聘“非常令人失望，并说“MBA们太想快速升职，他们并不了解政治和人，同时他们要到第三年才能成为团队的一员。但是到了那个时候，他们已经出去找别的工作了。””

The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.

大多数参与辩论的人承认，关键问题在于，MBA已经获得了一种未来财富和权力的光环，远远超出了它的实际重要性和实用性。

Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women’s movement.

商学院的招生人数在20世纪70年代和80年代激增，这就产生了一种假设：没有商学学位无法从事商业职位。上世纪60年代的反商业价值观和女性运动的强烈抵制，推动了这种增长。

Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,” said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Per-fin management consulting firm.

雇佣或与工商管理硕士共事的商界人士表示，那些拥有MBA学位的人通常知道如何分析系统，但并不擅长激励他人。“他们在业务人员方面没有太多的基础。”Towers Per-fin管理咨询公司的副总裁兼负责人James Shaffer说。

生词

1. borneadj.（用于复合词）由…携带的，由…运载的 v. 需要( bear的过去分词 );具有;推动;传达

   • All the travelling expenses will be borne by the host country.
     旅费由东道国负担。

2. recession n. 经济衰退，不景气;后退，撤退;凹处;退场

   • The recession caused sales to drop off.
     经济不景气使销量下降。

3. testimony n.（法庭上证人的）证词;证明，证据;表示，表明;声明，宣言

   • Her living room is also her office, filled with desks, books, papers, a testimony to her dedication to her work.
     她的客厅也是她的办公室，里面摆满了书桌、书籍和文件，充分证明了她的敬业精神。

4. vital adj. 至关重要的;维持生命所必需的;生死攸关的;生气勃勃的

   • They are both very vital people and a good match.
     他俩都很有活力，十分般配。

5. conscious adj. 有意识的，神志清醒的;自觉的，有意的;（痛苦，感情，冷气等）感觉得到的;同“self-conscious“

   • I'm very conscious of my weight.
     我很在意自己的体重。

6. aura n. 光环;气氛;气味;[医]（中风等的）预兆

   • She had an aura of authority.
     她给人一种很有权威的感觉。

7. Enrollment n. 注册;登记;入会

   • I have got the enrollment notice from Fudan University.
     我已经拿到复旦大学的录取通知书了。

8. backlash n. 反击;后坐;激烈反应

   • He also warned of a possible anti-Western backlash.
     他还警告有可能会出现对西方的强烈抵制。

9. grounding n. 搁浅;[电]接地，通地;基础训练;底子，底色 v. 搁浅;[电]接地(ground的ing形式)

   • The degree provides a thorough grounding in both mathematics and statistics.
     该学位课程将为数学和统计学打下扎实的基础。