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2020-07-05闪电的财产缺陷

2020-07-05闪电的财产缺陷

作者: 衡山 | 来源:发表于2020-07-05 20:45 被阅读0次

3月27日 · 6 分钟阅读

据说引入了隔离见证(SegWit)来阻止由延展性引起的所谓错误。事实的真相是,它是作为产生闪电网络(简称闪电)协议并将比特币从基于属性的令牌系统更改为基于帐户的令牌的一种方式引入的。比特币基于个体不可分割的财产令牌,即聪。每个名义硬币有1亿个单独的代币,称为比特币。由于比特币中寄存器的形式,即使比特币是无形的和数字的,也有可能完全拥有公民财产。与以前的任何其他虚拟系统不同,无论是数字现金形式还是纯文件形式,比特币都允许数字文件像是一种肉体一样工作,从而提供了拥有比特币的能力。

比特币中的令牌没有存储在区块链中,而是在此处注册。也就是说,令牌在用户之间交换并最终在区块链上注册,该区块链充当分布式票据交换所和注册表或分类账。尽管可以在写入分类帐之前应用多个更改,但所有更改都会记录在日志中。在个人或团体交换比特币令牌(bitcoin)的情况下,产权也被交换,但是直到在区块链上进行注册之前,一方可能会“双花”并从另一方手中夺走令牌的风险仍然存在。

Tokens in bitcoins are not stored in the blockchain, but are registered here. That is, tokens are exchanged between users and eventually registered on a blockchain that acts as a distributed Clearing House and Registry or ledger. Although multiple changes can be applied before writing to the ledger, all changes are logged. In cases where individuals or groups exchange Bitcoin Tokens, property rights are exchanged as well, but until registration on the blockchain, there is still a risk that one party could "double up" and take the token away from the other.

比特币允许拥有,并作为财产的所有权,因为代币的所有者或所有人可以行使权力排除他人。与其他数字资产不同,比特币可能会受到保释[1]。

BITCOINS are allowed to be owned and held as property because the owner or owner of the token can exercise the right to exclude others. Unlike other digital assets, bitcoin may be bailed out.

可以通过简单地将硬币发送到受托人或通过使用智能合约(例如托管协议的形式)来实现该方案。代币可以根据合同或法令锁定为信托形式,代币可以交付给实益拥有人(委托人[2]),或者如果受托人未能履行职责,则代币可以被代扣。受托人。

This can be achieved by simply sending coins to a trustee or by using smart contracts, such as in the form of a hosting agreement. Tokens may be locked in trust under a contract or statute, may be delivered to the beneficial owner (principal [2]) , or may be withheld if the trustee fails to perform his duties. Trustee.

比特币作为不可分割的财产,对于诸如闪电网络这样的系统来说是一个问题。您会看到,我已经暗示过“隔离见证”的原因是,您必须删除整个闪电交易中不能删除的Lightning交易中使用的基本挂钩值。这也是为什么他们将可延展性确定为比特币内的主要安全漏洞的原因。不是 可延展性只是基于闪电的支付渠道中的安全漏洞,而该支付渠道从来都不是比特币的一部分。您会看到,Lightning旨在创建一个不是建立在单个令牌上而是建立在余额之上的系统,因为在法律上对令牌的区别很大。但是,如果没有比特币令牌作为初始种子库,闪电网络将无法运行。这就是系统的最大缺陷。区块链中无法删除与比特币相关的产权。每个比特币都包含不可分割的令牌,这些令牌又提出了某些法律义务。

Bitcoin as an indivisible property is a problem for systems such as the lightning network. As you'll see, I've already hinted that the reason for the "isolated witness" is that you must remove the basic hook values used in Lightning transactions that can not be removed throughout the Lightning transaction. That's why they identified scalability as a major security vulnerability within bitcoin. Not scalability is just a security flaw in a lightning based payment channel that was never part of bitcoin. As you can see, Lightning aims to create a system that is not built on a single token but on a balance, because the legal differences between tokens are huge. However, without the bitcoin token as the initial seed bank, the lightning network will not work. That's the biggest flaw in the system. Property rights associated with Bitcoin can not be removed from the blockchain. Each bitcoin contains indivisible tokens, which in turn impose certain legal obligations.

Nemo Dat Quod Non Habet

尼莫 · 达 · 库德 · 不哈贝特

Nemo dat quod non habet,或为简化拉丁语短语,nemo dat规则提出了“没有人提供他们所没有的东西”的法律原则。

Nemo Dat quod Non Habet, or, to simplify the Latin phrase, Nemo Dat, proposes the legal principle that "no one offers what they do not have. ".

比特币代币是财产。在您未达到客户尽职调查(CDD)并了解您的客户(KYC)要求并记录了您要向其购买的人的身份的比特币购买之后,您将面临一个称号无法通过的情况。如果将窃取的比特币传递到Lightning频道,则Lightning频道中的购买者将无法获得好所有权。等效地,nemo加上民事诉讼的民事规则,即“一个人不能转让比他拥有的权利更多的权利”,这意味着您是否将比特币发送到Lightning通道并不重要;如果比特币被盗,则无法转让。

Bitcoin Tokens are property. After you have failed to meet customer due diligence (CDD) and have known your customer (KYC) requirements and recorded the identity of the person you are buying from, you will face a situation where the designation will not pass. If stolen bitcoins are passed to the Lightning channel, buyers on the Lightning channel will not get good ownership. Equivalently, Nemo adds the civil rule in the civil suit that "a person can not transfer more rights than he has, " which means it doesn't matter if you send Bitcoin to the Lightning channel; if it's stolen, can Not be transferred.

根据英国1968年的《盗窃法》,“财产”包括金钱和所有其他不动产或个人财产,包括活动中的物品和其他无形财产”。该定义显然包括比特币。

Under Britain's theft act of 1968, "property" includes money and all other real or personal property, including items in activity and other intangible property. This definition clearly includes bitcoin.

结果是,被盗的比特币仍然是财产,并且,例如,如果它们进入闪电通道,则有可能发出冻结令,我们已经在英国和爱尔兰多次见过冻结令,从而阻止了比特币的任何流动。盗窃是一种全球犯罪。很少有国家不认为盗窃是可起诉的重大罪行。当然,每个经营比特币交易所和矿工的国家都将允许针对盗贼和财产追回采取行动。

As a result, stolen bitcoins are still property, and, for example, if they enter the lightning path, there is the possibility of a freeze order, which we have seen many times in the UK and Ireland, preventing any flow of bitcoins. Theft is a global crime. Very few states do not consider theft to be a major indictable offence. Of course, every country that operates bitcoin exchanges and miners will be allowed to take action against thieves and property recovery.

当您考虑到世界各地因处理和拥有赃物而犯罪时,事情变得更加有趣。正如我所说,比特币是一系列代币。矿工用代币支付。为了使闪电网络正常工作,矿工需要验证交易并将其放入区块链中。每当它们不在时,或者在交易“回滚”(例如具有延展性的更改形式)时,闪电网络就会完全失败。

英国的《 1968年盗窃法》(Theft Act 1968)的一个部分提供了与中国,美国和许多其他国家/地区有关盗窃货物的法律类似的法律:

处理赃物。

(1)任何人在不知情的情况下(除非在偷窃过程中)知道或认为自己是被盗的货物,便处理该被盗的货物,或者不诚实地承诺或协助通过或为他们保留,移走,处置或变现货物他人的利益,或者他是否愿意这样做。

(2)犯有处理赃物罪的人一经循公诉程序定罪,可处监禁不超过十四年。[4]

发出冻结令后,商业网络节点有义务不使用冻结的比特币进行交易,就像处理与硬币相关的犯罪令时一样。可以针对许多类型的资产发出全球冻结订单。全球的比特币矿工将被禁止处理冻结的比特币。但是,情况更进一步:如果比特币矿工收到被盗的代币,则它们正在处理被盗的商品。比特币矿工可能获得了1亿美元或更多的投资,可以被扣押。您会看到,犯罪分子成为攻击目标。当警察和其他执法人员发现容易下达命令的大型刑事卡特尔时,他们将封存货物并逮捕所涉人员。这座耗资1亿美元的数据中心也被认为是犯罪收益。

人们在不了解比特币的情况下建立在比特币之上的系统中最大的缺陷在于硬币是财产这一事实。即使重新分配硬币,产权也随之而来。如果您通过1000个地址移动比特币令牌,则原始所有者将保留所有权。当您拥有BTC1.0时,您实际上拥有1亿个单独且不可分割的代币,称为satoshi。如果您使用BTC1.0并将其发送给矿工并以象征性的小额费用1,000,000 satoshi发送到闪电网络,然后转移99,000,000 satoshi或BTC0.99,结果证明存在冻结令,犯罪所得或其他提醒代币被盗的通知,矿工收到BTC0.01费用正在处理被盗的货物。

比特币中的隐私模型。

处理赃物的交易所应承担责任,并且必须赔偿损失。比特币不是一个没有身份的系统。我的白皮书的第10节介绍了身份,这些身份是从公共网络进行防火墙保护的。换句话说,法律要求网络上的个人进行自己的客户尽职调查(CDD)并满足要求。

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