Lesson 47 The great escape
第47课 大逃亡
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is one of the features of modern camping where nationality is concerned?
Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.
图省钱是露营的一个主要动机，因为除了开始时购置或是租借一套露营装备外，总费用算起来要比住旅馆开支少得多。
But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest.
但是，和一般的看法相反，这决非是仅有的，甚至不是最主要的动机。
The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his 20 pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley.
如果一位游客漫不经心地驾车驶入欧洲无数常年营地之一，花20镑租用一个空位，那么他可能会碰见一辆本特利汽车，
More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.
更可能会望见一辆福特.康索尔或一辆雷诺或一辆梅塞迪斯并排停放着，不过双人自行车则不容易看到。
That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic,
现代露营装备一年比一年讲究，这对那些厌世嫉俗者来说是一件有趣的自相矛盾的事情。
a brighter promise for the hopeful traveller who has sworn to get away from it all.
而对于发誓用露营来摆脱烦恼的人来说，却带来了更光明的前景。
It also provides--and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon--an escape of another kind.
学社会学的大学生来露营是另一种形式的摆脱现实，他们的目的很可能是根据观察到的露营现象去写论文。
The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them.
现代露营旅游的人往往讨厌在“斯普兰迪德”和“贝拉维斯塔”这样的大酒店，这并不是因为他们付不起钱，也不是为了躲避物质享受，而是因为他们害怕酒店。
Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid.
他们可能很富有，但给看门人和房间女服务叫多少小费，心中却根本没有数；
Master in his own house he has little idea of when to say boo to a manager hotel.
他们在家可能是主人，但不知道什么时候才能对酒店的经理表示不满。
From all such fears camping releases him.
露营便人们免除了这些忧虑。
Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists;
诚然，露营地本身也存在以露营装备和方式取人的势利现象，
but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with.
但如果有这种情况，露营者也容易理解，知道如何对付，
There is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
但在露营地里根本不会有管人的“人上人”和酒店里的等级制度来种露营者的假日过得阴郁低沉。
To such motives, yet another must be added.
除上以动机外，还应加上一个。
The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails.
当前崇拜汽车现象可以用与所有权相伴的独立和自由意识来解释。
To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.
因此开车去露营会给这种快乐意识增加一种优雅意境。
From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand.
从自己的家门出发到国内国外的山区或沙滩上露营然后返回，一切都很便利。
Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping,
完全在自己掌握之中的私人汽车不仅是到达假日天堂的工具，
but the means of escape from holiday hell (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement) are there, outside--or, as likely, part of--the tent.
而且也是逃离假日地狱（如海滩太挤，当地天气恶劣）方便工具，因为汽车就停在帐篷外面，或者汽车本身可能就是露营帐篷的一个组成部分。
Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour,
理想主义者像反对旅行社安排一切的一揽子旅游一样反对露营的作法，
that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited.
说这种封闭的作法使到国外旅游者失去了了解所去国家人民的机会。
Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand.
他们争论说，心胸狭窄和自我封闭是并存的。
The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place.
但这种说法在受人欢迎的欧洲露营地是站不住脚的。
Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively.
假日旅馆有只接待来自一个国家的旅游者的倾向，有时会达到排他的程度。
Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan.
而露营驻地则相反，是高度世界性的。
Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites;
在大多数地中海露营地里，德国人占优势似乎是个普遍现象，确实如此，
but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage.
但并没有特别的优待。
Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes,
禁止露天晒衣服、
or the use of water points for car washing,
禁止用水龙头冲洗汽车的布告
or those inviting 'our camping friends' to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch.
和邀请露营朋友参加舞会、乘船观光的招贴不仅印志法语、意大利语、西班牙语，而且也印成英语、德语、荷兰语。
At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic.
用饭的时候，德国泡菜味和大蒜味争相散发，
The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.
法国人的早点咖啡和英国人的咸肉煎蛋竞相比美。
Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say.
有组织的露营活动的明显发展是否意味着较独立的自我封闭式露营的最终消失，还很难说。
Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom.
市政当局当然希望获得露营者的场地费和其他光临的好处，
Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls.
警察则对那些查不出有固定营地或住处的游荡者保持警惕。
But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave;
但最重要的或许是露营者自己，即他们引起了多少场野火，留下了多少垃圾。
in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside.
总之，他们是否弄得土地的主人和乡间的居民同他们反目。
Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.
只有优良的童子军活动才能保持不朽的童子军所衷心热爱的各项自由。
第一：学习要明确目标：把听说读写分开。普通人不要试图学成母语，学莎士比亚。善于使用工具，不要把自己变成机器人。
第二：学习永远以目标为导向，而不是以书为导向，书只是工具。跟着作者思路走最简单，但效果最差。
因为努力的人在学习上容易犯的错误就是目标宏大，但学习碎片化。比如，学习英语特别努力，学新概念英语，每个单词都想背会，每课的语法都想学会，这样做反而会舍本逐末，最终找不到知识的规律。
碎片化的知识是没用的，只有系统化的知识才有用。就像我们都想不起大学学过什么，但是能记得的是体悟到而上升为理论的知识。
第三：目标就是找到英语的规律，学每种外语都一样。
我曾经想过，语言的构成都是句子，句子的构成都是词，那么语言之间的差别就是时态和语态。
时态就是对时间的表现不一样，语态就是句子成分（主谓宾定状补）的位置和变化不同。
英语和中文是很像的了，所以叫做哭着进来，笑着出去。
日语正好相反。
我们开始学规律，掌握英语句子的结构。
我们来做练习。
太阳之为病，脉浮，头项强痛而恶寒。
太阳病，或已发热，或未发热，必恶寒，体痛，呕逆，脉阴阳俱紧者，名曰伤寒。
伤寒一日，太阳受之，脉若静者，为不传；颇欲吐，若躁烦，脉数急者，为传也。
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