这段时间老李的新公司要更换网络层，知道现在主流网络层的模式是RxJava+Retrofit+OKHttp,所以老李开始研究这三个项目的源代码，在更换网络层后，开始分享这个三个项目源码的分析。*
本篇文章 主要讲解OKHttp源码解析(3.7.0)
OKHttp官网
github地址
本文大体上分为11个部分
- 1.OkHttp源码解析(一):OKHttp初阶
- 2 OkHttp源码解析(二):OkHttp连接的"前戏"——HTTP的那些事
- 3 OkHttp源码解析(三):OKHttp中阶之线程池和消息队列
- 4 OkHttp源码解析(四):OKHttp中阶之拦截器及调用链
- 5 OkHttp源码解析(五):OKHttp中阶之OKio简介
- 6 OkHttp源码解析(六):OKHttp中阶之缓存基础
- 7 OkHttp源码解析(七):OKHttp中阶之缓存机制
- 8 OkHttp源码解析(八):OKHttp中阶之连接与请求值前奏
- 9 OkHttp源码解析(九):OKHTTP连接中三个"核心"RealConnection、ConnectionPool、StreamAllocation
- 10 OkHttp源码解析(十) OKHTTP中连接与请求
- 11 OkHttp的感谢
本篇文章的主要内容如下：
- OkHttp介绍
- OkHttp使用
- OkHttp流程源码跟踪
一、OKHTTP简介
- 1.支持HTTP2/SPDY
- 2.socket自动选择最好路线，并支持自动重连
- 3.拥有自动维护的socket连接池，减少握手次数
- 4.拥有队列线程池，轻松写并发
- 5.拥有Interceptors轻松处理请求与响应（比如透明GZIP压缩）基于Headers的缓存策略
二、OKHTTP使用：
1、GET请求
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
return response.body().string();
}
2、POST请求
public static final MediaType JSON
= MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(JSON, json);
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(body)
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
return response.body().string();
}
三、OKHTTP源码流程分析
(一)、OKHTTP 同步请求debug代码跟踪：
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
从上面代码所示，先是new了一个OKHttpClient对象。
1、OKHttpClient类详解
OKHttpClient类就比较简单了：
- 1、里面包含了很多对象，其实OKhttp的很多功能模块都包装进这个类，让这个类单独提供对外的API，这种外观模式的设计十分的优雅。外观模式。
- 2、而内部模块比较多，就使用了Builder模式(建造器模式)。Builder模式(建造器模式)
- 3、它的方法只有一个：newCall.返回一个Call对象(一个准备好了的可以执行和取消的请求)。
而大家仔细读源码又会发现构造了OKHttpClient后又new了一个Rquest对象。那么咱们就来看下Request，说道Request又不得不提Response。所以咱们一起讲了
2、Request、Response类详解
- 1、Request、Response分别抽象成请求和相应
- 2、其中Request包括Headers和RequestBody，而RequestBody是abstract的，他的子类是有FormBody (表单提交的)和 MultipartBody(文件上传)，分别对应了两种不同的MIME类型
FormBody ："application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
MultipartBody："multipart/"+xxx.- 3、其中Response包括Headers和RequestBody，而ResponseBody是abstract的，所以他的子类也是有两个:RealResponseBody和CacheResponseBody,分别代表真实响应和缓存响应。
- 4、由于RFC协议规定，所以所有的头部信息不是随便写的，request的header与response的header的标准都不同。具体的见 List of HTTP header fields。OKHttp的封装类Request和Response为了应用程序编程方便，会把一些常用的Header信息专门提取出来，作为局部变量。比如contentType，contentLength，code,message,cacheControl,tag...它们其实都是以name-value对的形势，存储在网络请求的头部信息中。
根据从上面的GET请求，显示用builder构建了Request对象，然后执行了OKHttpClient.java的newCall方法，那么咱们就看看这个newCall里面都做什么操作？
/**
* Prepares the {@code request} to be executed at some point in the future.
*/
@Override public Call newCall(Request request) {
return new RealCall(this, request, false /* for web socket */);
}
Call是个什么东西，那咱们看下Call这个类
3、Call类详解
Call: HTTP请求任务封装
可以说我们能用到的操纵基本上都定义在这个接口里面了，所以也可以说这个类是OKHttp类的核心类了。我们可以通过Call对象来操作请求了。而Call接口内部提供了Factory工厂方法模式(将对象的创建延迟到工厂类的子类去进行，从而实现动态配置)
Call接口提供了内部接口Factory(用于将对象的创建延迟到该工厂类的子类中进行，从而实现动态的配置).
/**
* A call is a request that has been prepared for execution. A call can be canceled. As this object
* represents a single request/response pair (stream), it cannot be executed twice.
*/
public interface Call extends Cloneable {
/** Returns the original request that initiated this call. */
Request request();
/**
* Invokes the request immediately, and blocks until the response can be processed or is in
* error.
*
* <p>To avoid leaking resources callers should close the {@link Response} which in turn will
* close the underlying {@link ResponseBody}.
*
* <pre>@{code
*
* // ensure the response (and underlying response body) is closed
* try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
* ...
* }
*
* }</pre>
*
* <p>The caller may read the response body with the response's {@link Response#body} method. To
* avoid leaking resources callers must {@linkplain ResponseBody close the response body} or the
* Response.
*
* <p>Note that transport-layer success (receiving a HTTP response code, headers and body) does
* not necessarily indicate application-layer success: {@code response} may still indicate an
* unhappy HTTP response code like 404 or 500.
*
* @throws IOException if the request could not be executed due to cancellation, a connectivity
* problem or timeout. Because networks can fail during an exchange, it is possible that the
* remote server accepted the request before the failure.
* @throws IllegalStateException when the call has already been executed.
*/
Response execute() throws IOException;
/**
* Schedules the request to be executed at some point in the future.
*
* <p>The {@link OkHttpClient#dispatcher dispatcher} defines when the request will run: usually
* immediately unless there are several other requests currently being executed.
*
* <p>This client will later call back {@code responseCallback} with either an HTTP response or a
* failure exception.
*
* @throws IllegalStateException when the call has already been executed.
*/
void enqueue(Callback responseCallback);
/** Cancels the request, if possible. Requests that are already complete cannot be canceled. */
void cancel();
/**
* Returns true if this call has been either {@linkplain #execute() executed} or {@linkplain
* #enqueue(Callback) enqueued}. It is an error to execute a call more than once.
*/
boolean isExecuted();
boolean isCanceled();
/**
* Create a new, identical call to this one which can be enqueued or executed even if this call
* has already been.
*/
Call clone();
interface Factory {
Call newCall(Request request);
}
}
在源码中，OKHttpClient实现了Call.Factory接口，返回了一个RealCall对象。那我们就来看下RealCall这个类
4、RealCall类详解
- 1、OkHttpClient的newCall方法里面new了RealCall的对象，但是RealCall的构造函数需要传入一个OKHttpClient对象和Request对象(PS：第三个参数false表示不是webSokcet).因此RealCall包装了Request对象。所以RealCall可以很方便地使用这两个对象。
- 2、RealCall里面的两个关键方法是：execute 和 enqueue。分别用于同步和异步得执行网络请求。
- 3、RealCall还有一个重要方法是:getResponseWithInterceptorChain，添加拦截器，通过拦截器可以将一个流式工作分解为可配置的分段流程，既增加了灵活性也实现了解耦，关键还可以自有配置，非常完美。
所以client.newCall(request).execute();实际上执行的是RealCall的execute方法，现在咱们再回来看下RealCall的execute的具体实现
@Override
public Response execute() throws IOException {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();
try {
client.dispatcher().executed(this);
Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
return result;
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
首先是
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
判断call是否执行过，可以看出每个Call对象只能使用一次原则。然后调用了captureCallStackTrace()方法。
RealCall.java
private void captureCallStackTrace() {
Object callStackTrace = Platform.get().getStackTraceForCloseable("response.body().close()");
retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.setCallStackTrace(callStackTrace);
}
RealCall的captureCallStackTrace() 又调用了Platform.get().getStackTraceForCloseable()
public class Platform {
public static Platform get() {
return PLATFORM;
}
/**
* Returns an object that holds a stack trace created at the moment this method is executed. This
* should be used specifically for {@link java.io.Closeable} objects and in conjunction with
* {@link #logCloseableLeak(String, Object)}.
*/
public Object getStackTraceForCloseable(String closer) {
if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
return new Throwable(closer); // These are expensive to allocate.
}
return null;
}
}
其实是调用AndroidPlatform. getStackTraceForCloseable(String closer)方法。这里就不详细说了，后面详细说。
然后retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.setCallStackTrace(),在这个方法里面什么都没做就是set一个object进去
public final class RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor implements Interceptor {
public void setCallStackTrace(Object callStackTrace) {
this.callStackTrace = callStackTrace;
}
}
综上所示captureCallStackTrace()这个方法其实是捕获了这个请求的StackTrace。
然后进入了第一个核心类---Dispatcher的的execute方法了，由于下面是进入了关键部分，所以重点讲解下，代码如何：
try {
client.dispatcher().executed(this);
Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
return result;
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
看下OKHttpClient的dispatcher()方法的具体内容如下图
//OKHttpClient.java
public Dispatcher dispatcher() {
return dispatcher;
}
大家发现client.dispatcher()返回的是Dispatcher对象，那么这个Dispatcher对象是何时创建的那？在OkHttpClient.java里面Build类里面的构造函数里面，如下图
//OkHttpClient.java
public static final class Builder {
//其它代码先忽略掉
public Builder() {
dispatcher = new Dispatcher();
//其它代码先忽略掉
}
}
所以默认执行Builder()放到时候就创建了一个Dispatcher。那么咱们看下dispatcher里面的execute()是如何处理的
/** Used by {@code Call#execute} to signal it is in-flight. */
synchronized void executed(RealCall call) {
runningSyncCalls.add(call);
}
里面发现是runningSyncCalls执行了add方法莫非runningSyncCalls是个list，咱们查看dispatcher里面怎么定义runningSyncCalls的。
/** Ready async calls in the order they'll be run. */
private final Deque<AsyncCall> readyAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
/** Running asynchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
private final Deque<AsyncCall> runningAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
/** Running synchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
private final Deque<RealCall> runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
原来runningSyncCalls是双向队列啊，突然发现Dispatcher里面定义了三个双向队列，看下注释，我们大概能明白readyAsyncCalls 是一个存放了等待执行任务Call的双向队列，runningAsyncCalls是一个存放异步请求任务Call的双向任务队列，runningSyncCalls是一个存放同步请求的双向队列。关于队列咱们在下篇文章里面详细介绍。
执行完client.dispatcher().executed(this);要走到getResponseWithInterceptorChain();方法了里面了，看下这个方法是具体做什么的？
Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
// Build a full stack of interceptors.
List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
//添加开发者应用层自定义的Interceptor
interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
//这个Interceptor是处理请求失败的重试，重定向
interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);
//这个Interceptor工作是添加一些请求的头部或其他信息
//并对返回的Response做一些友好的处理（有一些信息你可能并不需要）
interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
//这个Interceptor的职责是判断缓存是否存在，读取缓存，更新缓存等等
interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
//这个Interceptor的职责是建立客户端和服务器的连接
interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
if (!forWebSocket) {
//添加开发者自定义的网络层拦截器
interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
}
interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));
//一个包裹这request的chain
Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(
interceptors, null, null, null, 0, originalRequest);
//把chain传递到第一个Interceptor手中
return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
}
发现 new了一个ArrayList，然后就是不断的add，后面 new了 RealInterceptorChain对象，最后调用了chain.proceed()方法。先看下RealInterceptorChain的构造函数。
public RealInterceptorChain(List<Interceptor> interceptors, StreamAllocation streamAllocation,
HttpCodec httpCodec, RealConnection connection, int index, Request request) {
this.interceptors = interceptors;
this.connection = connection;
this.streamAllocation = streamAllocation;
this.httpCodec = httpCodec;
this.index = index;
this.request = request;
}
发现什么都没做就是做了赋值操作，后面跟踪下chain.proceed()方法
由于Interceptor是个接口，所以应该是具体实现类RealInterceptorChain的proceed实现
public interface Interceptor {
Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException;
interface Chain {
Request request();
Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException;
Connection connection();
}
}
public final class RealInterceptorChain implements Interceptor.Chain{
Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException;
@Override
public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
return proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);
}
public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec,
RealConnection connection) throws IOException {
if (index >= interceptors.size()) throw new AssertionError();
calls++;
// If we already have a stream, confirm that the incoming request will use it.
if (this.httpCodec != null && !this.connection.supportsUrl(request.url())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
+ " must retain the same host and port");
}
// If we already have a stream, confirm that this is the only call to chain.proceed().
if (this.httpCodec != null && calls > 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
+ " must call proceed() exactly once");
}
// Call the next interceptor in the chain.
RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(
interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection, index + 1, request);
Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);
Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);
// Confirm that the next interceptor made its required call to chain.proceed().
if (httpCodec != null && index + 1 < interceptors.size() && next.calls != 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptor
+ " must call proceed() exactly once");
}
// Confirm that the intercepted response isn't null.
if (response == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("interceptor " + interceptor + " returned null");
}
return response;
}
}
由于在构造RealInterceptorChain对象时候httpCodec直接赋予了null，所以下面代码直接略过。
// If we already have a stream, confirm that the incoming request will use it.
if (this.httpCodec != null && !this.connection.supportsUrl(request.url())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
+ " must retain the same host and port");
}
// If we already have a stream, confirm that this is the only call to chain.proceed().
if (this.httpCodec != null && calls > 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
+ " must call proceed() exactly once");
}
然后看到在proceed方面里面又new了一个RealInterceptorChain类的next对象，温馨提示下，里面的streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection都是null，所以这个next对象和chain最大的区别就是index属性值不同chain是0.而next是1，然后取interceptors下标为1的对象的interceptor。由从上文可知，如果没有开发者自定义的Interceptor时，首先调用的RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor，如果有开发者自己定义的interceptor则调用开发者interceptor。
这里重点说一下，由于后面的interceptor比较多，且涉及的也是重要的部分，而咱们这里主要是讲流程，所以这里就不详细和大家说了，由后面再详细讲解，后面的流程是在每一个interceptor的intercept方法里面都会调用chain.proceed()从而调用下一个interceptor的intercept(next)方法，这样就可以实现遍历getResponseWithInterceptorChain里面interceptors的item，实现遍历循环，缩减后的代码如下：
//RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor.java
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
//忽略部分代码
response = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null);
//忽略部分代码
}
//BridgeInterceptor.java
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
//忽略部分代码
Response networkResponse = chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build());
//忽略部分代码
}
//CacheInterceptor.java
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
//忽略部分代码
networkResponse = chain.proceed(networkRequest);
//忽略部分代码
}
//ConnectInterceptor.java
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
//忽略部分代码
return realChain.proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);
}
读过源码我们知道getResponseWithInterceptorChain里面interceptors的最后一个item是CallServerInterceptor.java，最后一个Interceptor(即CallServerInterceptor)里面是直接返回了response 而不是进行继续递归，具体里面是通过OKio实现的，具体代码，等后面再详细说明，CallServerInterceptor返回response后返回给上一个interceptor,一般是开发者自己定义的networkInterceptor，然后开发者自己的networkInterceptor把他的response返回给前一个interceptor，依次以此类推返回给第一个interceptor，这时候又回到了realCall里面的execute()里面了，代码如下：
@Override
public Response execute() throws IOException {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();
try {
client.dispatcher().executed(this);
Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
return result;
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
最后把response返回给get请求的返回值。至此整体GET请求的大体流程就已经结束了。(PS:最后别忘记走client.dispatcher().finished(this))
大体流程如下图：
image.png
(二)、OKHTTP 异步请求debug代码跟踪：
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
String run(String url) throws IOException {
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
}
});
前面和同步一样new了一个OKHttp和Request。这块和同步一样就不说了，那么说说和同步不一样的地方，后面异步进入enqueue()方法
//RealCall.java
@Override public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();
client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
}
由于executed默认为false，所以先进行判断是否为true，为true则直接跑异常，没有则设置为true，可以看出executed这个是一个标志，标志这个请求是否已经正在请求中，合同步一样先调用了captureCallStackTrace();然后调用 client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));client.dispatcher()返回的是Dispatcher对象所以实际调用的是Dispatcher的enqueue(),那么咱们进入源码看下
//Dispatcher.java
private int maxRequests = 64;
private int maxRequestsPerHost = 5;
synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
//如果正在执行的请求小于设定值即64，并且请求同一个主机的request小于设定值即5
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
//添加到执行队列，开始执行请求
runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
//获得当前线程池，没有则创建一个
executorService().execute(call);
} else {
//添加到等待队列中
readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
}
}
根据源码和注释大家可以看到如果正在执行的异步请求小于64，并且请求同一个主机小于5的时候就先往正在运行的队列里面添加这个call，然后用线程池去执行这个call,否则就把他放到等待队列里面。执行这个call的时候，自然会去走到这个call的run方法，那么咱们看下AsyncCall.java这个类,而AsyncCall.java又继承自NamedRunnable.java咱们就一起看下他们的源码
public abstract class NamedRunnable implements Runnable {
protected final String name;
public NamedRunnable(String format, Object... args) {
this.name = Util.format(format, args);
}
@Override public final void run() {
String oldName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
Thread.currentThread().setName(name);
try {
execute();
} finally {
Thread.currentThread().setName(oldName);
}
}
protected abstract void execute();
}
final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable {
private final Callback responseCallback;
AsyncCall(Callback responseCallback) {
super("OkHttp %s", redactedUrl());
this.responseCallback = responseCallback;
}
String host() {
return originalRequest.url().host();
}
Request request() {
return originalRequest;
}
RealCall get() {
return RealCall.this;
}
@Override protected void execute() {
boolean signalledCallback = false;
try {
Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
} else {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
if (signalledCallback) {
// Do not signal the callback twice!
Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
} else {
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
}
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
}
上面看到NamedRunnable的构造方法设置了name在的run方法里面设定为当前线程的name,而NamedRunnable的run方法里面调用了它自己的抽象方法execute，由此可见NamedRunnable的作用就是设置了线程的name，然后回调子类的execute方法，那么我们来看下AsyncCall的execute方法。貌似好像又回到了之前同步的getResponseWithInterceptorChain()里面，根据返回的response来这只callback回调。所以我们得到了OKHTTP的大体流程，如下图：
OKHTTP大体流程.png
三、OKHTTP类详解
大体核心类主要下图：
核心类.png
最后给大家看一下整体的流程图
流程.png
网友评论
去初始化第一个RealInterceptorChain时，构造里面index的参数传的就是0
然后在执行RealInterceptorChain的proceed()方法时，Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);这里的index就是0
不知道你说的直接从1开始是怎么发生的