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JS实现图片轮播效果

JS实现图片轮播效果

作者: 是阿详 | 来源:发表于2017-08-16 16:54 被阅读951次
    源代码已上传 Github: https://github.com/axiang12/SliderAnimate
    在网页浏览中,可以看到轮播图是无处不在的,这是一个前端攻城狮最基本的技巧。首先看看几个网页的呈现图片轮播的效果。
    QQ音乐:
    qq音乐.png
    网易云音乐:
    网易云音乐.png
    天 猫:
    天猫.png

    接下来将从简到难总结几种JS实现图片轮播的方法。

    1、样式一:鼠标滑入滑出实现图片切换
    当鼠标滑入到小圆点上时,显示当前对应的图片,鼠标移出时回到默认的图片。如果点击了小圆点,显示当前的图片,移出时仍不改变显示。
    
    html+css设置
     1 <!-- 轮播图片 -->
     2 <div class="slider">
     3     <!-- 小圆点 -->
     4     <div class="control">
     5         <!-- 根据图片数量添加小圆点 -->
     6         <ul>
     7             
     8         </ul>
     9     </div>
    10     <!-- 图片显示 -->
    11     <div class="content">
    12         ![](./22.jpg)
    13         ![](./66.jpg)
    14         ![](./33.jpg)
    15         ![](./44.jpg)
    16         ![](./55.jpg)
    17     </div>
    18 </div>
    
    1 /*css样式*/
     2 *{margin: 0;padding: 0;}
     3 
     4 .slider{
     5     margin: 100px auto;
     6     width: 640px;
     7     height: 400px;
     8     position: relative;
     9 }
    10 .slider .control{
    11     position: absolute;
    12     width: 640px;
    13     height: 20px;
    14     left: 0;
    15     bottom: 30px;
    16 }.slider .control ul{
    17     list-style: none;
    18     width: 150px;
    19     margin: 0 auto;
    20 }.slider .control li{
    21     width: 20px;
    22     height: 20px;
    23     margin: 0 5px;
    24     float: left;
    25     border-radius: 50%;
    26     background-color: #fff;
    27     cursor: pointer;
    28 }
    29 .slider .control li.active{
    30     background-color: red;
    31 }/*默认设置不显示其他图片*/
    32 .slider .content img{
    33     width: 640px;
    34     height: 400px;
    35     display: none;
    36 }
    37 /*只显示第一张图片*/
    38 .slider .content img.active{
    39     display: block;
    40 }
    
    样式展示效果:
    1样式.png
    javascript设置
     1 //定义一个改变图片函数
     2 function changImage(i) {
     3     var index = i;
     4     var ul = document.getElementsByTagName("ul")[0];
     5     //获取所有的images
     6     var images = document.getElementsByTagName("img"); //数组
     7     //获取所有的li
     8     var lis = ul.getElementsByTagName("li");
     9     for(var j = 0; j < lis.length; j++){
    10         var li = lis[j];
    11          var img = images[j];
    12          //清除li 和 img 默认的active (img的active表示显示这个图片)
    13          li.className = '';
    14          img.className = '';
    15     }
    16     //设置当前的active属性
    17     
    18     lis[index].className = 'active';
    19     images[index].className = 'active';
    20 }
    21         
    22 window.onload = function () {
    23     //根据图片数改变小圆点数
    24     //1获得图片数
    25     var content = document.getElementsByClassName("content")[0];
    26     var images = content.getElementsByTagName("img"); //数组  所有图片
    27     //图片数
    28     var imageCount = images.length;
    29     //根据图片数创建小圆点数,添加到ul中
    30     //遍历图片数
    31     for(var i = 0; i < imageCount; i++){
    32         //1创建小白点
    33         var li = document.createElement("li")
    34         li.index = i;
    35         //3默认的第一个选中
    36         if (i == 0) {
    37             li.className += 'active';
    38         }
    39         //2添加到ul中
    40         var control = document.getElementsByClassName("control")[0];
    41         var ul = control.getElementsByTagName("ul")[0];
    42         ul.appendChild(li)
    43         var select = 0;
    44         li.onclick = function(){
    45             select = this.index;
    46             changImage(this.index);
    47         
    48         li.onmousemove = function () {
    49             changImage(this.index);
    50         
    51         li.onmouseout =function () {
    52             changImage(select);
    53         
    54     
    55         //4设置ul宽度 保证居中
    56         ul.style.width = (imageCount*30)+ 'px';    
    57     }
    
    2、样式二:实现图片自动切换
    展示时,图片在页面中自动切换。鼠标点击小圆点,直接切换显示当前图片。
    
    html+css设置(基本和上面一样)
     1 <body>
     2 <div class="slider">
     3     <div class="control">
     4         <span class="current">1</span>
     5         <span>2</span>
     6         <span>3</span>
     7         <span>4</span>
     8         <span>5</span>
     9     </div>
    10     <div class="content" id="imag-list">
    11         <ul >
    12             <li>![](images/1.jpg)</li>
    13             <li>![](images/5.jpg)</li>
    14             <li>![](images/4.jpg)</li>
    15             <li>![](images/3.jpg)</li>
    16             <li>![](images/2.jpg)</li>
    17         </ul>
    18     </div>
    19 </div>
    20 </body>
    
    *{padding: 0;margin: 0;}
    .slider{
        width: 800px;
        height: 500px;
        position: relative;
        overflow: hidden;
        margin: 30px auto;
    }
    .slider img{
        width: 800px;
        height: 500px;
    }
    
    .slider .content{
    }
    .slider .content ul{
        width: 10000px;
        list-style: none;
        position: absolute;
        left:0px;
    }
    .slider .content li{
        float: left;
    
    .slider .control{
        position: absolute;
        width: 100%;    
        z-index: 10;
        bottom: 50px;
        left: 0;
        text-align: center;
    }
    .slider .control span{
        display: inline-block;
        width: 20px;
        height: 20px;
        line-height: 20px;
        text-align: center;
        font-size: 14px;
        background-color: #fff;
        border-radius: 50%;
        cursor: pointer;
    }
    .slider .control span.current{
        background-color: red;
    }
    
    JavaScript设置
     1 //封装移动函数
     2     function animate(element,target){
     3         clearInterval(element.animateTimer);
     4         var left = element.offsetLeft;
     5         var step = (target - left) / 10;
     6         element.animateTimer = setInterval(function(){
     7             left += step;
     8             element.style.left = left + 'px';
     9             if(Math.abs(target - left) <= Math.abs(step)){
    10                 clearInterval(element.animateTimer);
    11                 element.style.left = target + 'px';
    12             }
    13         },100);
    14     }
    
    15     window.onload =function(){
    16         var ul = document.getElementsByTagName('ul')[0];
    17         var spanArr = document.getElementsByTagName('span');
    18         //4.最后一张显示后,克隆第一张图片继续显示第一张
    19         ul.appendChild(ul.children[0].cloneNode(true));
    20         var ulLeft = ul.offsetLeft;
    21         console.log(ulLeft);
    22         var ulIndex = 0;  //默认第一张图片下标
    23         // console.log(ulLeft);
    24         //开启
    25         var autoPlayTimer = setInterval(function(){            
    26             //4.2 从最后一张滚回到第一张(ulIndex == 5)之后  需重置回第一张状态
    27             if(ulIndex == 5){
    28                 ulIndex = 0;
    29                 ul.style.left = '0';
    30                 ulLeft = 0;
    31             }
    32             ulLeft -= 800;
    33             // console.log(ulLeft);
    34             animate(ul, ulLeft);
    35             ulIndex++;
    36             for(var i = 0; i< spanArr.length; i++){
    37                 spanArr[i].className = '';
    38             }
    39             //4.3改变页面  第五张图片结束后ulIndex是4 
    40             //第六张图片即第一张图片的ulIndex是5  所以求ulIndex % 5恢复ulIndex为0 
    41             spanArr[ulIndex % 5].className = 'current';
    42         },3000);
    43         //第二大步  给小圆点span添加点击事件
    44         for(var i = 0; i< spanArr.length; i++){
    45             var span = spanArr[i];
    46             span.index = i;
    47             span.onclick = function(){
    48                 //实现点击span后图片移动
    49                 var targetLeft = -800 * this.index; //0 - 4
    50                 //点击后自动滚动到 当前圆点对应的图片的位置  即左移800*下标
    51                 animate(ul, targetLeft);
    52                 //记录此时的ulLeft ulIndex 为了继续从当前点击图片向下一张图片移动
    53                 ulLeft = targetLeft;
    54                 ulIndex = this.index;
    55                 //切换当前span选中样式
    56                 for(var j = 0; j<spanArr.length; j++){
    57                     spanArr[j].className = '';
    58                 }
    59                 this.className = 'current';
    60             }
    61         }
    62     }
    
    3、样式三:实现带有箭头的轮播图
    展示时,图片在页面中自动切换,横条随之选中。点击左箭头,图片向左滑动;点击右箭头,图片向右滑动。 鼠标点击小圆点,直接切换显示当前图片。鼠标放入图片中,停止图片滑动,移开时继续滑动。
    
    html+css设置
    1 <body>
     2     <div class="box">
     3         <div class="content">
     4             <div>![](img/1.jpg)</div>
     5             <div>![](img/2.jpg)</div>
     6             <div>![](img/3.jpg)</div>
     7             <div>![](img/4.jpg)</div>
     8             <div>![](img/5.jpg)</div>
     9             <div>![](img/6.jpg)</div>
    10             <div>![](img/7.jpg)</div>
    11         </div>
    12         <div class="control">
    13             <!-- <span class="control-bar current"></span> -->
    14             <!-- <span class="control-bar"></span>
    15             <span class="control-bar"></span>
    16             <span class="control-bar"></span>
    17             <span class="control-bar"></span>
    18             <span class="control-bar"></span>
    19             <span class="control-bar"></span> -->
    20         </div>
    21 
    22         <span id="pre"></span>
    23         <span id="next"></span>
    24     </div>
    25 </body>
    
    1 *{margin: 0;padding: 0;}
     2 
     3 .box{
     4     width: 310px;
     5     height: 250px;
     6     margin: 100px auto;
     7     overflow: hidden;
     8     position: relative;
     9 }
    10 .content{
    11     width: 310px;
    12     height: 220px;
    13     overflow: hidden;
    14     position: relative;
    15 }
    16 .content div{
    17     position: absolute;
    18     top: 0;
    19     left: 0;
    20 }
    21 .content div img{
    22     width: 310px;
    23     height: 220px;
    24 }
    25 
    26 
    27 .control{
    28     width: 310px;
    29     height: 30px;
    30     background-color: #333;
    31     text-align: center;
    32 }
    33 .control-bar{
    34     display: inline-block;
    35     width: 24px;
    36     height: 5px;
    37     background: url(img/icon.png) no-repeat -24px -790px ;
    38     margin: 12px 2px 0 2px;
    39     cursor: pointer;
    40 }
    41 .control .control-bar:hover{
    42     background: url('img/icon.png') no-repeat -24px -770px;
    43 }
    44 
    45 .control .control-bar.current{
    46     background: url('img/icon.png') no-repeat 0 -770px;
    47 }
    48 #pre, #next{
    49     position: absolute;
    50     top: 50%;
    51     margin-top: -35px;
    52     width: 20px;
    53     height: 34px;
    54     background-color: pink;
    55     cursor: pointer;
    56 }    
    57 #pre{
    58     left: 3px;
    59     background:url(img/icon.png) no-repeat 0 0;
    60 }
    61 #next{
    62     right: 3px;
    63     background:url(img/icon.png) no-repeat -9px -45px;
    64 }
    
    样式效果如图:
    样式3.png
    javascript设置
    思路:box设置overflow:hidden属性,第一张图片显示在box中,其余图片均隐藏放置在第一张图的右边。当开启动画时,第一张图片向左移动隐藏,下一张图片向左移动显示,依次类推,当显示完最后一张时,继续回到显示第一张图片,图片轮播效果就实现了。
    
     1 // 前面内容已讲过
      2 // 封装好的获取属性函数
      3 function getStyle(element, styleName){
      4     if(element.currentStyle){
      5         return element.currentStyle[styleName];
      6     }else{
      7         var computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(element, null);
      8         return computedStyle[styleName];
      9     }
     10 }
     11 //封装好的动画函数
     12 function animate(element,json){
     13     clearInterval(element.timer);
     14     var isStop = false;
     15     element.timer = setInterval(function(){
     16         isStop = true;
     17         for(var key in json){
     18             var current = parseInt(getStyle(element, key));
     19             var target = json[key];
     20             var step = (target - current) / 10;
     21             step = step > 0 ? Math.ceil(step) : Math.floor(step);
     22             current += step;
     23             if(Math.abs(target -current) > Math.abs(step)){
     24                 isStop = false;
     25             }else{ 
     26                 current = target;
     27             }
     28             element.style[key] = current + 'px';    
     29         }
     30         if(isStop){
     31             clearInterval(element.timer);
     32         }
     33     },30);
     34 }
     35 
     36 //实现轮播图
     37 window.onload = function(){
     38     var box = document.getElementsByClassName('box')[0];
     39     var contentBox = document.getElementsByClassName('content')[0];
     40     var controlBox = document.getElementsByClassName('control')[0];
     41     var imageDivArr = contentBox.getElementsByTagName('div');
     42 
     43     var currentIndex = 0;
     44     var boxWidth = box.offsetWidth;
     45     //1.动态创建横条
     46     for(var i= 0; i < imageDivArr.length; i++){
     47         var span = document.createElement('span');
     48         if(i == 0){
     49             span.className = 'control-bar current';
     50         }else{
     51             span.className = 'control-bar'; 
     52         }
     53         span.index = i;
     54         controlBox.appendChild(span);
     55 
     56         //6.设置span点击事件
     57         span.onclick = function(){
     58             //如果当前点击的按钮,就是当前的按钮则不作操作
     59             if(currentIndex != this.index){
     60 
     61                 //点击的图片,在当前图片的右边
     62                 if(this.index > currentIndex){
     63                     //当前的图片向左移  移除当前位置
     64                     animate(imageDivArr[currentIndex],{left:-boxWidth});
     65 
     66                     //此时被点击对应的图片放在显示框右边 再进行向左移
     67                     currentIndex = this.index;
     68                     imageDivArr[currentIndex].style.left = boxWidth;
     69 
     70                 }else{ //点击的图片,在当前图片的右边
     71                     animate(imageDivArr[currentIndex],{left:boxWidth});
     72 
     73                     currentIndex = this.index;
     74                     imageDivArr[currentIndex].style.left = boxWidth;
     75                 }
     76 
     77                 //
     78                 animate(imageDivArr[currentIndex], {left : 0})
     79                 //刷新控制条
     80                 refresh();
     81             }
     82         }
     83     }
     84 
     85     //2.放置图片位置
     86     // var boxWidth = box.offsetWidth;
     87     for(var i= 0; i < imageDivArr.length; i++){
     88         var imgDiv = imageDivArr[i];
     89         imgDiv.style.left = boxWidth + 'px';
     90     }
     91     imageDivArr[0].style.left = '0';
     92 
     93 
     94     //3.从左边划入
     95     // var currentIndex = 0;
     96     function nextImage(){
     97         animate(imageDivArr[currentIndex],{left:-boxWidth});
     98     
     99         currentIndex++;
    100     
    101         if(currentIndex >= imageDivArr.length){
    102             currentIndex = 0;
    103         }
    104         imageDivArr[currentIndex].style.left = boxWidth + 'px';
    105     
    106         animate(imageDivArr[currentIndex],{left:0});
    107         refresh();
    108     }
    109 
    110     //3.1从右边划入
    111     function prevImage(){
    112         animate(imageDivArr[currentIndex],{left:boxWidth}); //最后一张currentIndex = 6
    113     
    114         currentIndex--;
    115     
    116         if(currentIndex < 0){
    117             currentIndex = imageDivArr.length - 1;  //返回到最后一张
    118         }
    119         imageDivArr[currentIndex].style.left = (-boxWidth) + 'px';
    120     
    121         animate(imageDivArr[currentIndex],{left:0});
    122         refresh();
    123     }
    124 
    125     //4.刷新横条显示
    126     function refresh(){
    127         for(var i = 0; i < controlBox.children.length; i++ ){
    128             // console.log(controlBox.children[i]);
    129             var bar = controlBox.children[i];
    130             bar.className = 'control-bar'
    131             // console.log(bar);
    132         }
    133         controlBox.children[currentIndex].className = 'control-bar current';
    134     }
    135 
    136     //点击箭头切换
    137     document.getElementById('next').onclick = nextImage;
    138     document.getElementById('pre').onclick = prevImage;
    139 
    140     //自动播放
    141     var timer = setInterval(nextImage,2000);
    142 
    143     box.onmouseover = function (){
    144         clearInterval(timer);
    145     }
    146     //移出时,重新开始定时器
    147     box.onmouseout = function (){
    148         timer = setInterval(nextImage ,2000);    
    149     }
    150 }
    
    4、“旋转木马”轮播图
    旋转木马样式图.png
    html+css样式设置
    <body>
        <div class="box">
            
            <!-- 图片设置 -->
            <div class="content">
                <ul>
                    <li>![](images/slidepic1.jpg)</li>
                    <li>![](images/slidepic2.jpg)</li>
                    <li>![](images/slidepic3.jpg)</li>
                    <li>![](images/slidepic4.jpg)</li>
                    <li>![](images/slidepic5.jpg)</li>
                </ul>
            </div>
            
            <!-- 左右箭头设置 -->
            <div class="control">
                <a href="javascript:;" id="prev"></a>
                <a href="javascript:;" id="next"></a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
    
    *{margin: 0;padding: 0;}
    ul{list-style: none;}
    /*大盒子*/
    .box{
        width: 1000px;
        margin: 5px auto;
        position: relative;
        background-color: pink;
    }
    
    /*左右箭头*/
    #next, #prev{
        position: absolute;
        width: 76px;
        height: 112px;
        top: 0;
        background: url(../images/next_1.png) no-repeat 0 0;
        z-index: 5;
    }
    #next{
        right: 10px;
    }
    #prev{
        left: 10px;
        background: url(../images/prev_1.png) no-repeat 0 0;
    }
    
    
    .box .content li{
        position: absolute;
    
    }
    .box .content li img{
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    /*可以通过css设置定位
    .box .content li.li1{
        width: 300px;
        opacity: 0.4;
        top: 30px;
        left: 50px;
        z-index: 1;
    }
    .box .content li.li2{
        width: 400px;
        opacity: 0.7;
        top: 100px;
        left: 0;
        z-index: 2;
    }
    .box .content .li3{
        width: 600px;
        opacity: 1;
        top: 200px;
        left: 200px;
        z-index: 3;
    }
    .box .content .li4{
        width: 400px;
        opacity: 0.7;
        right: 0;
        top: 100px;
        z-index: 2;
    }
    .box .content .li5{
        width: 300px;
        opacity: 0.4;
        top: 30px;
        right: 50px;
        z-index: 1;
    }
    */
    
    javascript设置
        window.onload =function () {
            //定位置 五个位置对应五个json对象,放入数组中,可以灵活的获取这些json对象
            var json = [{
                width: 300,
                opacity: 0.4,
                top: 30,
                left: 50,
                zIndex: 1
            },{
                width: 400,
                opacity: 0.7,
                top: 100,
                left: 20,
                zIndex: 2
            },{
                width: 700,
                opacity: 1,
                top: 200,
                left: 150,
                zIndex: 3
            },{
                width: 400,
                opacity: 0.7,
                top: 100,
                left: 580,
                zIndex: 2
            },{
                width: 300,
                opacity: 0.4,
                top: 30,
                left: 650,
                zIndex: 1
            }];
    
            refreshImageLocation(0);
            function refreshImageLocation(index){
                //默认情况下 第i个对应i-index个位置
                var liArr = $('li');
                console.log(liArr);
                for(var i = 0; i < liArr.length; i++){
                    var li = liArr[i];
                    var locationIndex = i - index;
    
                    if(locationIndex < 0){
                        locationIndex += 5;
                    }
    
                    var locationDate = json[locationIndex];
                    console.log(locationDate);
    
                    animate(li, locationDate, null);
                }
            }
    
            var index = 0;
            //设置点击箭头事件
            $('#next').onclick = function(){
                // console.log('#next');
                index++;
                if(index == 5){
                    index = 0;
                }
                refreshImageLocation(index);
            }
    
            $('#prev').onclick = function(){
                index--;
                if(index < 0){
                    index = 4;
                }
                refreshImageLocation(index);
            }
            
        }
    

    以上就是较为常用的 JS实现轮播图片效果的方法,如果有更好的方法可以讨论交流。

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