一起翻译一本书，公众号“追随己心”将带领大家一起翻译《Beyond Feelings: A Guide to Critical Thinking》，将学习了多年的英语真正用起来，体会原版书籍和英文的美。
Applications
练习
Note: One of the best ways to develop your thinking (and writing) skills is to record your observations, questions, and ideas in a journal and then, as time permits, to reflect on what you have recorded—considering the meaning and application of the observations, answering the questions,elaborating onthe ideas (and, where appropriate, challenging them), and recording your insights. An inexpensive bound notebook or spiral notebook will serve the purpose. A good approach is t orecord your initial observations, questions, and ideas on the left side of the page, leaving the right side blank for your later analysis and commentary. The value of this reflective process is so great that you should consider keeping such ajournaleven if your instructor does not make it a formal part of the course.
说明：发展你的思维（和写作）技巧最好的方式之一就是在日志上记下你的观察、疑问和想法；如果时间允许，再反思你记录下的东西—考虑所观察到的东西的意义和应用，回答之前的疑问，详细论述之前的记下的想法（并且合适的时候质疑这些想法），记录下自己的洞见。一本便宜的装订好的笔记本或者螺旋式装订活页的笔记本就很管用。一个好办法是把你最初的观察、疑问和想法记录在页面的左侧，留下右面的空白供以后分析和评论用。这种反思过程的价值是如此之大，你应当考虑坚持写这样的日志，即使你的导师没有把它当做课程一个正式的部分。（温故而知新，可以为师矣；但是前提是你得记下自己所闻、所见和所思，才有反思的材料，否则单凭大脑的记忆是不会走的太远的。）
elaborating v.详尽说明( elaborate的现在分词);变得复杂;详细制定;详尽阐述;
journal n.日报，日志，日记;定期刊物，期刊，杂志;[会计]分类账;
1. Do a brief study of attention shifts such as the one described in the chapter.Record a half-hour show. Then play the show back twice, the first time counting the number of shifts within the program, excluding commercials, and the second time counting only those within commercials. Complete the necessaryarithmeticand be prepared to share your results in class.
做一个简单的像本章所描述的注意力转换研究。播放半小时的节目，然后倒带播放两次，第一次数一下节目中商业广告之外的切换次数，第二次数一下商业广告中的切换次数。完成这些必要的计数后，准备在课堂上交流你的研究成果。
Arithmetic n.算术，计算;算法;
2.Reflect onyour findings in application 1. Write several paragraphs discussing the implications of those findings for education,business, and family life.
回顾你在练习1中的发现。写下几段文字来讨论这些发现对教育、工商业和家庭生活的意义。
Reflect on英[riˈflekt ɔn]美[riˈflekt ɔn]仔细想;回忆;反省;
3. Many people cheerfully pay $6 or $7 a gallon for designer drinking water but moan and groan when they have to pay $3 a gallon for gasoline. Does anything you read in this chapter help you understand why this is so?
许多人乐意为特制的饮用水支付每加仑6或7美元，却为支付每加仑3美元的汽油而唉声叹气。你有没有在本章中读到任何内容有助于你了解为什么会如此吗？
4. Imagine how different America might be if Frankl’s emphasis on self-transcendence and personal responsibility, rather than Maslow’s emphasis on self-actualization and popular culture’s emphasis on self-esteem, had been dominant for the past fifty years. List as many ways as you can in which our society might be different today and comment on whether each would be beneficial or harmful. Be prepared to explain your views in class discussion.
想象一下，如果弗兰克所强调的自我超越和个人责任，而不是马斯洛所强调的自我实现和大众文化所强调的自尊，在过去30年里占据了主导地位，那美国将会有何不同。尽可能的列举我们社会今天有可能不一样的许多方面，并且对每一个方面是有益还是有害进行评论。准备好在课堂讨论时解释你的观点。
5. Watch one of the music video channels—MTV, VH1, CMT, BET— for at least an hour. Analyze how men and women are depicted in the videos. Note significant details. For example, observe whether men aredepictedinpower roles more than women and whether women areportrayedas objects of male desire. Decide what attitudes and values are conveyed. (You might want to record as you are watching so that you can review what you have seen, freeze significant frames for closer analysis, and keep your observations for later reference or class viewing and discussion.)
观看一个音乐电视频道—MTV,VH1，CMT,BET—至少一个小时。分析剧中是如何刻画男人和女人的。注意重要的细节。例如，观察是否更多地把男人描述成充当强人的角色，把女人刻画成男人欲望的对象。判断其中传递的态度和价值观是什么。（你也许希望在观看的时候记录，以便你可以回顾已经看过的，定格重要的画面进一步分析，记下你的观察心得，以备以后参考或课堂观看和讨论）
Depicted v.描绘，描画(depict的过去式和过去分词);描述;
Portrayed v.画像(portray的过去式和过去分词);描述;描绘;描画;
6. Suppose you asked a friend, “How did you acquire your particular identity—your sentiments and preferences and attitudes?” Then suppose the friend responded,“I’m an individual. No one else influences me. I do my own thing, and I select the sentiments and preferences and attitudes that suit me.” How would you explain to your friend what you learned in this chapter?
假如你问一个朋友：“你是如何获得你独特的个性—你的情感、偏好和态度的？”然后假设你的朋友回答：“我是一个独立的个人。没有其他人能够影响我。我做自己的事情，选择适合我的情感、偏好和态度。”你会如何向这位朋友解释你在本章中学到的相关东西？
7. Ask yourself the question, Who am I? Write down ten answers to this question,each on a separate slip of paper. Use the first three paragraphs of this chapterto help you frame your answers. Arrange the pieces of paper in order of their importance to you. Then explain the arrangement—that is, which self-descriptions are most important to you, and why?
问自己一个问题：“我是谁？”然后在10张不同的纸片上写下10个答案。用本章前三节来帮助你组织你的答案。按照对你的重要程度把这些纸片排序。然后解释一下哪一个答案中的自我描述对你最重要？为什么？
8. Identify the various positive and negative influences that have shaped you.Be sure to include the particular as well as the general and the subtle as well as the obvious influences. Which of those influences have had the greatest effect on you? Explain the effects as precisely as you can.
指出那些塑造了你的各种积极和消极的营销因素。务必包括那些特殊的一般的、微妙的和明显的影响因素。其中哪一个对你的影响最大？尽可能精确地解释这些影响。
9. Note your immediate reaction to each of the following statements. Then apply the four guidelines given in this chapter for achieving individuality.
记录下你对下列每条陈述的直接反应。然后运用本章提出的有关发展个性的四条指导原则。
a.Health care workers should be required to be tested fo rHIV/AIDS.
应当要求医务工作者进行HIV/AIDS测试。
b.Beauty contests and talent competitions for childrenshould be banned.
应当禁止儿童参加选美和才能测试。
c.Extremist groups like the Ku Klux Klan should be allowedto holdrallieson public property orbe issued permits to holdparadeson city streets.
应当允许像三K当（Ku Klux Klan）这样的极端主义团体在公共场所举行集会或在城市的街道上游行示威。
Rallies n.集会(rally的名词复数); [网球、羽毛球]连续对打;公路汽车赛;（精神等方面）振作;
Parades n.（部队的）检阅(parade的名词复数);
d.Freshman composition should be a required course for all students.
应当把作文列为所有大一新生的必修课。
e.High schooland college athletes should be tested for anabolicsteroiduse.
应当对高中和大学运动员进行合成代谢类固醇的药物检验。
Anabolic adj.合成代谢的;
Steroid n.[生化]甾类化合物，类固醇;
f.Creationismshould be taught in high school biology classes.
应当在高中的生物学课上讲授创世说。
Creationism英[kriˈeɪʃnɪzəm]美[kriˈeɪʃnɪzəm]n.创造宇宙说，特别创造说;神创论;
g.Polygamyshould be legalized.
应当使一夫多妻制度合法化。
Polygamy n.多配偶（制），一夫多妻（制）或一妻多夫（制）;多妻制;多偶制;一夫多妻制;
h.The voting age should be lowered to sixteen.
应当将选举投票的年龄降到16岁。
i.The prison system should give greater emphasis to the punishment ofinmatesthan to theirrehabilitation.
监狱系统应当更多地强调对犯人的惩罚而不是他们的改过自新。
Inmates n.囚犯(inmate的名词复数);
Rehabilitation n.修复;复兴;复职;恢复名誉;
j.Doctors andclinicsshould be required to notify parents ofminorswhen theyprescribebirth control devices orfacilitateabortionsfor the minors.
医生和诊所应当通知其父母，在为未成年人开避孕药或为未成年人堕胎时。
Minors n.未成年人(minor的名词复数);副修科目;小公司;[逻辑学]小前提;
Prescribevt.指定，规定;指定，规定;vi.建立规定，法律或指示;开处方，给医嘱;
Facilitatevt.促进，助长;使容易;帮助;
Abortionsn.小产( abortion的名词复数);小产胎儿;（计划）等中止或夭折; <生>败育;
k.A man’s self-esteem is severely injured if his wife makes more money than he makes.
男人的自尊会受到严重的伤害，如果妻子比丈夫赚钱多。
l. Women like being dependent on men.
女人喜欢依赖男人。
10. Group discussion exercise: Discuss several of the statements in application 9 with two or three of your classmates, applying the four guidelines presented in this chapter for developing individuality. Be prepared to share your group’s ideas with the class.
小组讨论练习：与两三个同学讨论应用9中的几个陈述，运用本章提出的有关发展个性的四条指导原则。准备向全班同学分享你所在小组的想法。
A Difference of Opinion
不同的二观点
The following passage summarizes an important difference of opinion. After reading the statement, use the library and/or the Internet and find what knowledgeable people have said about the issue. Be sure to cover the entire range of views. Then assess the strengths and weaknesses of each. If you conclude that one view is entirely correct and the others are mistaken, explain how you reached that conclusion. If, as is more likely, you find that one view is more insightful than the others but that they all make some valid points, construct a view of your own that combines insights from all views and explain why that view is the most reasonable of all. Present your response in a composition or an oral report, as your instructor specifies.
下面的段落总结了一个重要的不同观点。读完陈述后，利用图书馆或网络，找出那些有见识的人对这一问题的看法，确保覆盖了各种观点。然后评估每个观点的优点和弱点。如果你总结出其中某个观点是完全正确的，而另一个观点是错误的，那么请解释一下你是如何得出这一结论的。如果（也更可能），你发现其中一个观点比其他观点更有洞见，但这些观点都提出了某些有效的论点，那就构建一个综合了里所有各方洞见的你自己的观点，并且解释为什么这一观点是所有观点中最合理的。按照指导老师的要求，以作文或口头报告的形式呈上你的回答。
Should captured terrorists be tried in military or criminal courts? When the United States decided to use the military base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to detain individuals captured on the battlefield in the Iraq war, many people protested the decision. Some argued that captured individuals should be considered criminals rather than prisoners of war and accorded the rights guaranteed by the U.S.Constitution to all people accused of crimes. Others argued for classifying the individuals as prisoners of war and treating them as specified in the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Supporters of the government’s decision reject both arguments, contending that captured terrorists are neither criminals nor soldiers but “unlawful combatants,” adding that any otherdesignationwould impose burdens on the United States that would make it difficult to fight terrorism and there by threaten national security.
被捕获的恐怖分子应当在军事或刑事法庭上审讯吗？当美国决定用古巴关塔那摩的军事基地拘押在伊拉克战场上捕获的人员时，许多人抗议这个决定。一些人认为，被捕的人员应该被视为刑事犯而非战俘，并获得由美国宪法对所有受指控人的人所保障的权利。另一些人主张把这些人划入战俘人员并依据1949年的日内瓦公约的规定来对待他们。政府决定的支持者们反对这两种意见，辩称被俘的恐怖分子既非罪犯也非军人，而是“非法武装分子”，并且指出，任何其他身份的指认会给美国增加负担，它使得美国难以与恐怖分子作战，会因此威胁国家安全。
Detain英[dɪˈteɪn]美[dɪˈteɪn] vt.留住，阻住;耽搁;拘留，扣留;
accorded[əˈkɔ:did] v.给予( accord的过去式和过去分词);使和谐一致;使符合;使适合;
Conventions英[kən'venʃnz]美[kən'venʃnz] n.（某一职业、政党等的人士召开的）大会( convention的名词复数);协议;习俗;（美国）全国代表大会;
Contending v.争夺(contend的现在分词);竞争;搏斗;争斗;
Combatantsn.战斗员，格斗者( combatant的名词复数);
Designationn.英[ˌdezɪgˈneɪʃn]美[ˌdɛzɪɡˈneʃən]名称;选派;指定;
Begin your analysis by conducting a Google search using the term “status captured terrorists.”
通过谷歌搜索引擎检索“被捕的恐怖分子身份”开始你的分析工作。
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