FBKVOController源码剖析与学习

作者: Dwyane_Coding | 来源:发表于2018-09-25 17:02 被阅读11次

    建议查看原文:https://www.jianshu.com/p/4a3f9fe13e5a(不定时更新)

    源码剖析学习系列:(不断更新)

    1、FBKVOController源码剖析与学习
    2、MJRefresh源码剖析与学习
    3、YYImage源码剖析与学习


    FBKVOController是对KVO的封装,本文会分为两大部分:

    一、针对FBKVOController进行源码解读,剖析其封装思路

    二、针对源码,抽取其精要,模仿学习,变为己用

    优势

    相对于原生 API 优势

    1、可以以数组形式,同时对 model 的多个 不同成员变量进行 KVO。

    2、利用提供的 block,将 KVO 相关代码集中在一块,而不是四处散落。比较清晰,一目了然。

    3、不需要在 dealloc 方法里取消对 object 的观察,当 FBKVOController 对象 dealloc,会自动取消观察。

    使用

    //1、在当前类创建一个KVO的控制器,并且指明监听者为当前类
    // create KVO controller with observer
    FBKVOController *KVOController = [FBKVOController controllerWithObserver:self];
    self.KVOController = KVOController;
    
    //2、监听对象
    // observe clock date property
    [self.KVOController observe:clock keyPath:@"date" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial|NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew block:^(ClockView *clockView, Clock *clock, NSDictionary *change) {
      // 更新UI
      // update clock view with new value
      clockView.date = change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey];
    }];
    
    

    使用步骤很简短,我们关键是理解里面的封装。

    FBKVOController

    一、我们先看一下创建KVO controller实例的方法,以及销毁方法--(生命周期)

    #pragma mark Lifecycle - 
    //1、
    + (instancetype)controllerWithObserver:(nullable id)observer
    {
      return [[self alloc] initWithObserver:observer];
    }
    //2、初始化observer,并依据retainObserved值决定内存策略
    - (instancetype)initWithObserver:(nullable id)observer retainObserved:(BOOL)retainObserved
    {
      self = [super init];
      if (nil != self) {
        _observer = observer;
        NSPointerFunctionsOptions keyOptions = retainObserved ? NSPointerFunctionsStrongMemory|NSPointerFunctionsObjectPointerPersonality : NSPointerFunctionsWeakMemory|NSPointerFunctionsObjectPointerPersonality;
        _objectInfosMap = [[NSMapTable alloc] initWithKeyOptions:keyOptions valueOptions:NSPointerFunctionsStrongMemory|NSPointerFunctionsObjectPersonality capacity:0];
        //初始化互斥锁
        pthread_mutex_init(&_lock, NULL);
      }
      return self;
    }
    //3、
    - (instancetype)initWithObserver:(nullable id)observer
    {
      return [self initWithObserver:observer retainObserved:YES];
    }
    //4、在dealloc注销所有监听并且销毁上面的互斥锁
    - (void)dealloc
    {
      [self unobserveAll];
      pthread_mutex_destroy(&_lock);
    }
    

    总结:1、NSPointerFunctionsStrongMemory创建了一个retain/release对象的集合,非常像常规的NSSet或NSArray。
    NSPointerFunctionsWeakMemory使用等价的__weak来存储对象并自动移除被销毁的对象。
    2、比较陌生的是 NSMapTable 。简单来说,它与 NSDictionary 类似。不同之处是 NSMapTable 可以自主控制 key / value 的内存管理策略。而 NSDictionary 的内存策略是固定为 copy。当 key 为 object 时, copy 的开销可能比较大!因此,在这里只能使用相对比较灵活的 NSMapTable。具体可以移步关于 NSMapTable

    3、pthread_mutex:这是一种超级易用的互斥锁,使用的时候,只需要初始化一个 pthread_mutex_t,用 pthread_mutex_lock 来锁定, pthread_mutex_unlock 来解锁,当使用完成后,记得调用 pthread_mutex_destroy 来销毁锁

    二、接下来看一下注册监听对象的方法

    - (void)observe:(nullable id)object keyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options block:(FBKVONotificationBlock)block
    {
      NSAssert(0 != keyPath.length && NULL != block, @"missing required parameters observe:%@ keyPath:%@ block:%p", object, keyPath, block);
      if (nil == object || 0 == keyPath.length || NULL == block) {
        return;
      }
      //创建FBKVOInfo
      // create info
      _FBKVOInfo *info = [[_FBKVOInfo alloc] initWithController:self keyPath:keyPath options:options block:block];
      
      //利用FBKVOInfo观察对象
      // observe object with info
      [self _observe:object info:info];
    }
    
    - (void)observe:(nullable id)object keyPaths:(NSArray<NSString *> *)keyPaths options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options block:(FBKVONotificationBlock)block
    {
      NSAssert(0 != keyPaths.count && NULL != block, @"missing required parameters observe:%@ keyPath:%@ block:%p", object, keyPaths, block);
      if (nil == object || 0 == keyPaths.count || NULL == block) {
        return;
      }
    //遍历每个keyPath,再递归
      for (NSString *keyPath in keyPaths) {
        [self observe:object keyPath:keyPath options:options block:block];
      }
    }
    

    使用断言,提示用户缺少必要参数;
    为了避免保留循环,该block必须避免引用KVO控制器或其所有者。观察已经观察到的对象keyPath或nil的结果是没有操作的。

    看一下FBKVOInfo的init方法

    - (instancetype)initWithController:(FBKVOController *)controller
                               keyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                               options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options
                                 block:(nullable FBKVONotificationBlock)block
                                action:(nullable SEL)action
                               context:(nullable void *)context
    {
      self = [super init];
      if (nil != self) {
        _controller = controller;
        _block = [block copy];
        _keyPath = [keyPath copy];
        _options = options;
        _action = action;
        _context = context;
      }
      return self;
    }
    

    重写init方法,把值分别赋值给属性,对于为什么要if (nil != self),我认为,当应用程序在更有限的内存中运行,这是一个传统的编码建议。具体请看各位大神的回答--> In Objective-C why should I check if self = [super init] is not nil?

    看一下观察FBInfo的方法

    - (void)_observe:(id)object info:(_FBKVOInfo *)info
    {
      // lock
      pthread_mutex_lock(&_lock);
    //1
      NSMutableSet *infos = [_objectInfosMap objectForKey:object];
    //2
      // check for info existence
      _FBKVOInfo *existingInfo = [infos member:info];
      if (nil != existingInfo) {
        // observation info already exists; do not observe it again
    
        // unlock and return
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&_lock);
        return;
      }
    //3
      // lazilly create set of infos
      if (nil == infos) {
        infos = [NSMutableSet set];
        [_objectInfosMap setObject:infos forKey:object];
      }
    
      // add info and oberve
      [infos addObject:info];
    
      // unlock prior to callout
      pthread_mutex_unlock(&_lock);
    //4
      [[_FBKVOSharedController sharedController] observe:object info:info];
    }
    

    NSMutableSet是一个集合,它有几个特点:
    1、没有顺序,所有元素并非按照加入顺序排列
    2、重复元素只会添加一个,因此不用担心里面的元素有重复
    NSMapTable是比Dicitionary更强大的一个类。我们定义一个Person类,用来记录人名,我们再创建一个Favourite类用来创建爱好对象,现在有Rose和Jack两个人,分别的爱好是ObjC和Swift,人和爱好必须要用对象实现,而且必须关联起来在一个表里,以便我们进行查询和记录。如果是以前的话需要自己建立一个Dictionary,把人名的name字段作为key,favourite的对象作为value。但是这样有一个问题,如果突然某一天,我Person里面增加了个字段age,我这个表还要记录每个人的年龄,供我以后来查询不同年龄段的人统计使用呢?这下就很尴尬了,因为Dicitionary没办法实现我们要的这个效果,不过没关系NSMapTable可以实现,详细请移步关于 NSMapTable

    1、根据被观察的object获取其对应的infos set。这个主要作用在于避免多次对同一个keyPath添加多次观察,避免crash。因为每调用一次addObserverForKeyPath就要有一个对应的removeObserverForKey。

    2、从infos set判断是不是已经观察此次info了,避免重复观察。

    3、如果infos为空,就把object当做Key、infos当做Object存入 NSMapTable,[infos addObject:info];再把info与infos关联起来。这里听起来可能有点别扭,我做个比喻:object是上面所说的是Rose,infos爱好ObjC,而info则是他的age

    4、使用了单例,将观察的信息及关系注册到_FBKVOSharedController中,并且调用iOS自带的KVO方法观察

    _FBKVOSharedController作为一个传达者,用来接收和转发KVO通知

    - (void)observe:(id)object info:(nullable _FBKVOInfo *)info
    {
      if (nil == info) {
        return;
      }
    
      // register info
      pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex);
      [_infos addObject:info];
      pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex);
      //1
      // add observer
      [object addObserver:self forKeyPath:info->_keyPath options:info->_options context:(void *)info];
    
      if (info->_state == _FBKVOInfoStateInitial) {
        info->_state = _FBKVOInfoStateObserving;
      } else if (info->_state == _FBKVOInfoStateNotObserving) {
        // this could happen when `NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial` is one of the NSKeyValueObservingOptions,
        // and the observer is unregistered within the callback block.
        // at this time the object has been registered as an observer (in Foundation KVO),
        // so we can safely unobserve it.
        [object removeObserver:self forKeyPath:info->_keyPath context:(void *)info];
      }
    }
    

    根据info的状态来选择添加或移除观察者

    1、代表所有的观察信息都首先由FBKVOSharedController进行接收,随后进行转发。

    //当属性的值发生变化时,自动调用此系统KVO方法

    
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(nullable NSString *)keyPath
                          ofObject:(nullable id)object
                            change:(nullable NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey, id> *)change
                           context:(nullable void *)context
    {
      NSAssert(context, @"missing context keyPath:%@ object:%@ change:%@", keyPath, object, change);
    
      _FBKVOInfo *info;
    
      {
        // lookup context in registered infos, taking out a strong reference only if it exists
        pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex);
        info = [_infos member:(__bridge id)context];
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex);
      }
    
      if (nil != info) {
    
        // take strong reference to controller
        FBKVOController *controller = info->_controller;
        if (nil != controller) {
    
          // take strong reference to observer
          id observer = controller.observer;
          if (nil != observer) {
    
            // dispatch custom block or action, fall back to default action
            if (info->_block) {
              NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey, id> *changeWithKeyPath = change;
              // add the keyPath to the change dictionary for clarity when mulitple keyPaths are being observed
              if (keyPath) {
                NSMutableDictionary<NSString *, id> *mChange = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:keyPath forKey:FBKVONotificationKeyPathKey];
                [mChange addEntriesFromDictionary:change];
                changeWithKeyPath = [mChange copy];
              }
              info->_block(observer, object, changeWithKeyPath);
            } else if (info->_action) {
    #pragma clang diagnostic push
    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"
              [observer performSelector:info->_action withObject:change withObject:object];
    #pragma clang diagnostic pop
            } else {
              [observer observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:object change:change context:info->_context];
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    

    根据info的block回调或者actioin等等进行消息转发。

    至此,对FBKVOController的源码剖析基本结束,下面是剖析后的学习

    学习

    1、NSHashTable
    + (instancetype)personWithName:(NSString *)name
    {
        DWPerson *person = [[DWPerson alloc] init];
        person.name = name;
        //1、待会替换
        person.family = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
        [person.family addObject:person];
        return [person autorelease];
    }
    - (NSString *)description
    {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@'s retainCount is %lu",self.name,[self retainCount]];
    }
    - (void)dealloc
    {
        self.name = nil;
        self.family = nil;
        [super dealloc];
    }
    
    int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
        @autoreleasepool {
    
            DWPerson *person_1 = [DWPerson personWithName:@"iOS"];
            DWPerson *person_2 = [DWPerson personWithName:@"swift"];
            DWPerson *person_3 = [DWPerson personWithName:@"android"];
            DWPerson *person_4 = [DWPerson personWithName:@"java"];
            DWPerson *person_5 = [DWPerson personWithName:@"ruby"];
            
            id list = @[person_1, person_2, person_3, person_4, person_5];
            NSLog(@"%@",list);
    
        }
        return 0;
    }
    

    打印:

    (
    "iOS's retainCount is 3",
    "swift's retainCount is 3",
    "android's retainCount is 3",
    "java's retainCount is 3",
    "ruby's retainCount is 3"
    )

    可以看出每个person的retainCount为3,因为family持有person,person持有family,如果我们运用NSHashTable,则可以完美解决此问题

    我们替换1中的代码,

    + (instancetype)personWithName:(NSString *)name
    {
        DWPerson *person = [[DWPerson alloc] init];
        person.name = name;
        person.family = [NSHashTable hashTableWithOptions:NSHashTableWeakMemory];
        [person.family addObject:person];
        return [person autorelease];
    }
    

    打印:

    (
    "iOS's retainCount is 2",
    "swift's retainCount is 2",
    "android's retainCount is 2",
    "java's retainCount is 2",
    "ruby's retainCount is 2"

    )
    可看出,已解决循环引用

    2、宏定义魔法

    先看一下系统的KVO方法

    [testPerson addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"age" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew|NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:nil];
    

    这样写keyPath,如果age属性不存在,也不会告知,导致后续的排查困难,但这种低级错误在FBKVOController不复存在,因为其使用了宏定义

    FBKVOController中的宏定义

    #define FBKVOKeyPath(KEYPATH) \
    @(((void)(NO && ((void)KEYPATH, NO)), \
    ({ const char *fbkvokeypath = strchr(#KEYPATH, '.'); NSCAssert(fbkvokeypath, @"Provided key path is invalid."); fbkvokeypath + 1; })))
    
    #define FBKVOClassKeyPath(CLASS, KEYPATH) \
    @(((void)(NO && ((void)((CLASS *)(nil)).KEYPATH, NO)), #KEYPATH))
    

    该宏定义使用了C语言的逗号表达式,(3+5,6+8)称为逗号表达式,其求解过程先表达式1,后表达式2,整个表达式值是表达式2的值,如:(3+5,6+8)的值是14,a=(a=3 x 5,a x 4)的值是60,而(a=3 x 5,a x 4)的值是60, a的值是15。

    使用逗号表达式,我觉得主要是为了FBKVOClassKeyPath

    FBKVOClassKeyPath(DWPerson, name)==(((void)(NO && ((void)((DWPerson *)(nil)).name, NO)), #KEYPATH)),其会检查DWPerson中是否有name属性

    3、自释放

    FBKVOController通过自释放的机制来实现observer的自动移除,其实就是给observer的类中添加一个FBKVOController的成员变量,然后在FBKVOController中的dealloc移除observer,下面是个例子

    #import "DWTestViewController.h"
    #import "DWObserViewController.h"
    
    @interface DWTestViewController ()
    @property (nonatomic, strong) DWObserViewController *obserVC;
    @end
    
    @implementation DWTestViewController
    
    - (instancetype)init
    {
        self = [super init];
        if (nil != self) {
            _obserVC = [[DWObserViewController alloc] init];
            NSLog(@"DWTestVC创建");
            NSLog(@"DWObserVC创建");
        }
        return self;
    }
    
    #import "DWObserViewController.h"
    
    @implementation DWObserViewController
    
    - (void)dealloc {
        NSLog(@"DWObserVC跟着销毁");
    }
    

    打印:

    2018-02-05 15:32:39.299859+0800 FBKVOController_Demo[6804:208216] DWTestVC创建
    2018-02-05 15:32:39.300209+0800 FBKVOController_Demo[6804:208216] DWObserVC创建
    2018-02-05 15:32:41.271585+0800 FBKVOController_Demo[6804:208216] DWTestVC销毁
    2018-02-05 15:32:46.520148+0800 FBKVOController_Demo[6804:208216] DWObserVC跟着销毁

    参考:

    NSHashTable和NSMapTable用法

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:FBKVOController源码剖析与学习

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/wqmloftx.html