iOS开发·网络请求方法总结复习(NSURLConnection

作者: 小码僧 | 来源:发表于2018-07-10 14:41 被阅读171次

    0. 前言

    iOS的开发中的网络下载方式包括NSData(最原始,实际开发基本不会用),NSURLConnection(古老又过气的苹果原生网络框架),NSURLSession(现在流行的苹果网络框架),AFNetworking,SDWebImage以及基于AFNetworking的二次封装框架例如XMNetworking,HYBNetworking等等。

    NSURLConnection作为过气的框架,作为对比了解一下还是有必要的。NSURLSession作为众多网络相关的第三方框架基于的苹果原生框架,更是有必要学习总结一下。作为第三方框架,AFNetworking,SDWebImage等等其实它们的老版本是基于NSURLConnection封装而成的,后来才改成的基于NSURLSession。这些第三方框架相比原生框架封装了缓存的逻辑,比如内存缓存,磁盘缓存,操作缓存等等。

    0.1 最原始的网络下载 -- NSData+NSURL方式

    • 关键步骤
      NSString-->NSURL-->NSData-->UIImage
    • 关键API

    URLWithString
    dataWithContentsOfURL:url
    imageWithData:data

    • 下载示例
    /**
     * 点击按钮 -- 使用NSData下载图片文件,并显示再imageView上
     */
    - (IBAction)downloadBtnClick:(UIButton *)sender {
        
        // 在子线程中发送下载文件请求
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
            
            // 创建下载路径
            NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://img.haomeiwen.com/i1877784/b4777f945878a0b9.jpg"];
            
            // NSData的dataWithContentsOfURL:方法下载
            NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
            
            // 回到主线程,刷新UI
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                
                self.imageView.image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
            });
        });
    }
    

    1. 过气的苹果原生网络框架 -- NSURLConnection

    • ① 下载完的事件采用block形式的API
    //handler   A block which receives the results of the resource load.
    + (void)sendAsynchronousRequest:(NSURLRequest*) request
                              queue:(NSOperationQueue*) queue
                  completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLResponse* _Nullable response, NSData* _Nullable data, NSError* _Nullable connectionError)) handler API_DEPRECATED("Use [NSURLSession dataTaskWithRequest:completionHandler:] (see NSURLSession.h", macos(10.7,10.11), ios(5.0,9.0), tvos(9.0,9.0)) __WATCHOS_PROHIBITED;
    
    • ② 下载完的事件采用delegate形式的API
    /* Designated initializer */
    - (nullable instancetype)initWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request delegate:(nullable id)delegate startImmediately:(BOOL)startImmediately API_DEPRECATED("Use NSURLSession (see NSURLSession.h)", macos(10.5,10.11), ios(2.0,9.0), tvos(9.0,9.0)) __WATCHOS_PROHIBITED;
    
    - (nullable instancetype)initWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request delegate:(nullable id)delegate API_DEPRECATED("Use NSURLSession (see NSURLSession.h)", macos(10.3,10.11), ios(2.0,9.0), tvos(9.0,9.0)) __WATCHOS_PROHIBITED;
    + (nullable NSURLConnection*)connectionWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request delegate:(nullable id)delegate API_DEPRECATED("Use NSURLSession (see NSURLSession.h)", macos(10.3,10.11), ios(2.0,9.0), tvos(9.0,9.0)) __WATCHOS_PROHIBITED;
    
    • 调用示例 -- 采用block的API ①
    /**
     * 点击按钮 -- 使用NSURLConnection下载图片文件,并显示再imageView上
     */
    - (IBAction)downloadBtnClicked:(UIButton *)sender {
        // 创建下载路径
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://img.haomeiwen.com/i1877784/b4777f945878a0b9.jpg"];
        
        // NSURLConnection发送异步Get请求,该方法iOS9.0之后就废除了,推荐NSURLSession
        [NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url] queue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSData * _Nullable data, NSError * _Nullable connectionError) {
            
            self.imageView.image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
            
            // 可以在这里把下载的文件保存
        }];
    
    }
    
    • 调用示例 -- 采用delegate的API ②
    - (IBAction)downloadBtnClicked:(UIButton *)sender {
        // 创建下载路径
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://dldir1.qq.com/qqfile/QQforMac/QQ_V5.4.0.dmg"];
        // NSURLConnection发送异步Get请求,并实现相应的代理方法,该方法iOS9.0之后废除了。
        [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url] delegate:self];
    }
    
    • 代理实现方法示例
    #pragma mark <NSURLConnectionDataDelegate> 实现方法
    
    /**
     * 接收到响应的时候:创建一个空的沙盒文件
     */
    - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
    {
        // 获得下载文件的总长度
        self.fileLength = response.expectedContentLength;
        
        // 沙盒文件路径
        NSString *path = [[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"QQ_V5.4.0.dmg"];
        
        NSLog(@"File downloaded to: %@",path);
        
        // 创建一个空的文件到沙盒中
        [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createFileAtPath:path contents:nil attributes:nil];
        
        // 创建文件句柄
        self.fileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForWritingAtPath:path];
    }
    
    /**
     * 接收到具体数据:把数据写入沙盒文件中
     */
    - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
    {
        // 指定数据的写入位置 -- 文件内容的最后面
        [self.fileHandle seekToEndOfFile];
        
        // 向沙盒写入数据
        [self.fileHandle writeData:data];
        
        // 拼接文件总长度
        self.currentLength += data.length;
        
        // 下载进度
        self.progressView.progress =  1.0 * self.currentLength / self.fileLength;
        self.progressLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"当前下载进度:%.2f%%",100.0 * self.currentLength / self.fileLength];
    }
    
    /**
     *  下载完文件之后调用:关闭文件、清空长度
     */
    - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection
    {
        // 关闭fileHandle
        [self.fileHandle closeFile];
        self.fileHandle = nil;
        
        // 清空长度
        self.currentLength = 0;
        self.fileLength = 0;
    }
    
    

    2. 现在的苹果原生网络框架 -- NSURLSession

    在iOS9.0之后,以前使用的NSURLConnection过期,苹果推荐使用NSURLSession来替换NSURLConnection完成网路请求相关操作。NSURLSession的使用非常简单,先根据会话对象创建一个请求Task,然后执行该Task即可。NSURLSessionTask本身是一个抽象类,在使用的时候,通常是根据具体的需求使用它的几个子类。关系如下:

    2.1 GET请求(NSURLRequest默认设置)

    使用NSURLSession发送GET请求的方法和NSURLConnection类似,整个过程如下:

    1)确定请求路径(一般由公司的后台开发人员以接口文档的方式提供),GET请求参数直接跟在URL后面
    2)创建请求对象(默认包含了请求头和请求方法【GET】),此步骤可以省略
    3)创建会话对象(NSURLSession)
    4)根据会话对象创建请求任务(NSURLSessionDataTask)
    5)执行Task
    6)当得到服务器返回的响应后,解析数据(XML|JSON|HTTP)

    ① 下载完的事件采用block形式
    • get请求示例1
    • 关键API
    • sharedSession
    • requestWithURL:
    • dataTaskWithRequest:
    -(void)getWithBlock1
    {
        //对请求路径的说明
        //http://120.25.226.186:32812/login?username=520it&pwd=520&type=JSON
        //协议头+主机地址+接口名称+?+参数1&参数2&参数3
        //协议头(http://)+主机地址(120.25.226.186:32812)+接口名称(login)+?+参数1(username=520it)&参数2(pwd=520)&参数3(type=JSON)
        //GET请求,直接把请求参数跟在URL的后面以?隔开,多个参数之间以&符号拼接
        
        //1.确定请求路径
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://120.25.226.186:32812/login?username=520it&pwd=520it&type=JSON"];
        
        //2.创建请求对象
        //请求对象内部默认已经包含了请求头和请求方法(GET)
        NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
        
        //3.获得会话对象
        NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
          
        //4.根据会话对象创建一个Task(发送请求)
        /*
         第一个参数:请求对象
         第二个参数:completionHandler回调(请求完成【成功|失败】的回调)
                   data:响应体信息(期望的数据)
                   response:响应头信息,主要是对服务器端的描述
                   error:错误信息,如果请求失败,则error有值
         */
        NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
            
            if (error == nil) {
                //6.解析服务器返回的数据
                //说明:(此处返回的数据是JSON格式的,因此使用NSJSONSerialization进行反序列化处理)
                NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:kNilOptions error:nil];
                
                NSLog(@"%@",dict);
            }
        }];
        
        //5.执行任务
        [dataTask resume];
    }
    
    • get请求示例2
    • 关键API

    sharedSession
    dataTaskWithURL:

    -(void)getWithBlock2
    {
        //1.确定请求路径
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://120.25.226.186:32812/login?username=520it&pwd=520it&type=JSON"];
        
        //2.获得会话对象
        NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
        
        //3.根据会话对象创建一个Task(发送请求)
        /*
         第一个参数:请求路径
         第二个参数:completionHandler回调(请求完成【成功|失败】的回调)
                   data:响应体信息(期望的数据)
                   response:响应头信息,主要是对服务器端的描述
                   error:错误信息,如果请求失败,则error有值
         注意:
            1)该方法内部会自动将请求路径包装成一个请求对象,该请求对象默认包含了请求头信息和请求方法(GET)
            2)如果要发送的是POST请求,则不能使用该方法
         */
        NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithURL:url completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
            
            //5.解析数据
            NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:kNilOptions error:nil];
            NSLog(@"%@",dict);
            
        }];
        
        //4.执行任务
        [dataTask resume];
    }
    
    ② 下载完的事件采用delegate形式
    • 关键API

    requestWithURL:
    sessionWithConfiguration
    dataTaskWithRequest:request

    • get请求发起示例
    -(void) getWithDelegate1
    {
        //1.确定请求路径
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://120.25.226.186:32812/login?username=520it&pwd=520it&type=JSON"];
        
        //2.创建请求对象
        //请求对象内部默认已经包含了请求头和请求方法(GET)
        NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
        
        //3.获得会话对象,并设置代理
        /*
         第一个参数:会话对象的配置信息defaultSessionConfiguration 表示默认配置
         第二个参数:谁成为代理,此处为控制器本身即self
         第三个参数:队列,该队列决定代理方法在哪个线程中调用,可以传主队列|非主队列
         [NSOperationQueue mainQueue]   主队列:   代理方法在主线程中调用
         [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init] 非主队列: 代理方法在子线程中调用
         */
        NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration] delegate:self delegateQueue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]];
        
        //4.根据会话对象创建一个Task(发送请求)
        NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request];
        
        //5.执行任务
        [dataTask resume];
    }
    
    • 代理关键API
    //1.接收到服务器响应的时候调用该方法
    -(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition))completionHandler
    {
    
    //2.接收到服务器返回数据的时候会调用该方法,如果数据较大那么该方法可能会调用多次
    -(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
    {
    
    //3.当请求完成(成功|失败)的时候会调用该方法,如果请求失败,则error有值
    -(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error
    {
    
    • 代理实现示例
    #pragma mark NSURLSessionDataDelegate
    //1.接收到服务器响应的时候调用该方法
    -(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition))completionHandler
    {
        //在该方法中可以得到响应头信息,即response
        NSLog(@"didReceiveResponse--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        
        //注意:需要使用completionHandler回调告诉系统应该如何处理服务器返回的数据
        //默认是取消的
        /*
         NSURLSessionResponseCancel = 0,        默认的处理方式,取消
         NSURLSessionResponseAllow = 1,         接收服务器返回的数据
         NSURLSessionResponseBecomeDownload = 2,变成一个下载请求
         NSURLSessionResponseBecomeStream        变成一个流
         */
        
        completionHandler(NSURLSessionResponseAllow);
    }
    
    //2.接收到服务器返回数据的时候会调用该方法,如果数据较大那么该方法可能会调用多次
    -(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
    {
        NSLog(@"didReceiveData--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        
        //拼接服务器返回的数据
        [self.responseData appendData:data];
    }
    
    //3.当请求完成(成功|失败)的时候会调用该方法,如果请求失败,则error有值
    -(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error
    {
        NSLog(@"didCompleteWithError--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        
        if(error == nil)
        {
            //解析数据,JSON解析请参考http://www.cnblogs.com/wendingding/p/3815303.html
            NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:self.responseData options:kNilOptions error:nil];
            NSLog(@"%@",dict);
        }
    }
    
    • 如下图所示,get请求内部封装了开始操作(其实是继续),不用再像NSURLSession一样外面resume了。


    2.2 POST请求(需另外单独设置request.HTTPMethod属性)

    • post请求示例
    • 关键API

    sharedSession
    requestWithURL:
    request.HTTPMethod = @"POST";
    dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:

    -(void)postWithBlock
    {
        //对请求路径的说明
        //http://120.25.226.186:32812/login
        //协议头+主机地址+接口名称
        //协议头(http://)+主机地址(120.25.226.186:32812)+接口名称(login)
        //POST请求需要修改请求方法为POST,并把参数转换为二进制数据设置为请求体
        
        //1.创建会话对象
        NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
        
        //2.根据会话对象创建task
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://120.25.226.186:32812/login"];
        
        //3.创建可变的请求对象
        NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
        
        //4.修改请求方法为POST
        request.HTTPMethod = @"POST";
        
        //5.设置请求体
        request.HTTPBody = [@"username=520it&pwd=520it&type=JSON" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
        
        //6.根据会话对象创建一个Task(发送请求)
        /*
         第一个参数:请求对象
         第二个参数:completionHandler回调(请求完成【成功|失败】的回调)
                    data:响应体信息(期望的数据)
                    response:响应头信息,主要是对服务器端的描述
                    error:错误信息,如果请求失败,则error有值
         */
        NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
            
            //8.解析数据
            NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:kNilOptions error:nil];
            NSLog(@"%@",dict);
            
        }];
        
        //7.执行任务
        [dataTask resume];
    }
    

    3. HTTPS与HTTP的不同点

    前面涉及到的GET和POST都属于HTTP请求,现在苹果的APP都推荐支持HTTPS,这就需要先配置一下证书,然后在NSURLSession(或者NSURLConnection但现在新的项目基本不用了)的代理方法里面进行一些特别的操作。如果是AFNetWorking,也需要对AFHTTPRequestOperationManager对象进行一些特别的操作。

    关于证书的配置,及需要的特别的操作,推荐阅读:

    4. AF封装了GET和POST操作的 -- AFHTTPSessionManager

    AFNetworking2.0和3.0区别很大,也是因为苹果废弃了NSURLConnection,而改用了NSURLSession,AFNetworking3.0实际上只是对NSURLSession所做的操作进行了高度封装,提供更加简洁的API供编码调用。

    查看AFHTTPSessionManager.h文件,可知AFHTTPSessionManager是AFURLSessionManager的子类:

    @interface AFHTTPSessionManager : AFURLSessionManager <NSSecureCoding, NSCopying>
    

    请求示例 -- 下载一个PDF文件

    - (void)DownloadPdfAndSave{
        AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
        manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
        manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObject:@"application/pdf"];
        __weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
        //临时配置,需要自己根据接口地址改动!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
        self.urlStr = @"http://10.20.201.78/test3.pdf";
        [manager GET:_urlStr parameters:nil progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull downloadProgress) {
        } success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id  _Nullable responseObject) {
            __strong __typeof__(weakSelf) strongSelf = weakSelf;
            strongSelf.isWriten = [responseObject writeToFile:[self pathOfPdf] atomically:YES];
            [strongSelf openPdfByAddingSubView];
            //[strongSelf.previewController reloadData];
        } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
            NSLog(@"%@",error.userInfo);
        }];
    }
    

    get请求调用栈分析

    • AFHTTPSessionManager.m
    - (NSURLSessionDataTask *)GET:(NSString *)URLString
                       parameters:(id)parameters
                          success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject))success
                          failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error))failure
    {
    
        return [self GET:URLString parameters:parameters progress:nil success:success failure:failure];
    }
    
    - (NSURLSessionDataTask *)GET:(NSString *)URLString
                       parameters:(id)parameters
                         progress:(void (^)(NSProgress * _Nonnull))downloadProgress
                          success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull, id _Nullable))success
                          failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable, NSError * _Nonnull))failure
    {
    
        NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [self dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:@"GET"
                                                            URLString:URLString
                                                           parameters:parameters
                                                       uploadProgress:nil
                                                     downloadProgress:downloadProgress
                                                              success:success
                                                              failure:failure];
    
        [dataTask resume];
    
        return dataTask;
    }
    
    - (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:(NSString *)method
                                           URLString:(NSString *)URLString
                                          parameters:(id)parameters
                                      uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgress
                                    downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgress
                                             success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, id))success
                                             failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, NSError *))failure
    {
        NSError *serializationError = nil;
        NSMutableURLRequest *request = [self.requestSerializer requestWithMethod:method URLString:[[NSURL URLWithString:URLString relativeToURL:self.baseURL] absoluteString] parameters:parameters error:&serializationError];
        if (serializationError) {
            if (failure) {
                dispatch_async(self.completionQueue ?: dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                    failure(nil, serializationError);
                });
            }
    
            return nil;
        }
    
        __block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil;
        dataTask = [self dataTaskWithRequest:request
                              uploadProgress:uploadProgress
                            downloadProgress:downloadProgress
                           completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * __unused response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
            if (error) {
                if (failure) {
                    failure(dataTask, error);
                }
            } else {
                if (success) {
                    success(dataTask, responseObject);
                }
            }
        }];
    
        return dataTask;
    }
    
    • AFURLSessionManager.m
    - (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                                   uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgressBlock
                                 downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgressBlock
                                completionHandler:(nullable void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, id _Nullable responseObject,  NSError * _Nullable error))completionHandler {
    
        __block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil;
        url_session_manager_create_task_safely(^{
            dataTask = [self.session dataTaskWithRequest:request];
        });
    
        [self addDelegateForDataTask:dataTask uploadProgress:uploadProgressBlock downloadProgress:downloadProgressBlock completionHandler:completionHandler];
    
        return dataTask;
    }
    

    5. AF的GET和POST请求实现第二层 -- AFURLSessionManager

    5.1 downloadTaskWithRequest: progress: destination: completionandler:

    • AFURLSessionManager.m

    调用示例
    DownloadVC.m

    - (IBAction)downloadBtnClicked:(UIButton *)sender {
        
        NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
        // 1. 创建会话管理者
        AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
        
        // 2. 创建下载路径和请求对象
        NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://dldir1.qq.com/qqfile/QQforMac/QQ_V5.4.0.dmg"];
        NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];
        
        // 3.创建下载任务
        /**
         * 第一个参数 - request:请求对象
         * 第二个参数 - progress:下载进度block
         *      其中: downloadProgress.completedUnitCount:已经完成的大小
         *            downloadProgress.totalUnitCount:文件的总大小
         * 第三个参数 - destination:自动完成文件剪切操作
         *      其中: 返回值:该文件应该被剪切到哪里
         *            targetPath:临时路径 tmp NSURL
         *            response:响应头
         * 第四个参数 - completionHandler:下载完成回调
         *      其中: filePath:真实路径 == 第三个参数的返回值
         *            error:错误信息
         */
        NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask = [manager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:^(NSProgress *downloadProgress) {
            
            __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
            // 获取主线程,不然无法正确显示进度。
            NSOperationQueue* mainQueue = [NSOperationQueue mainQueue];
            [mainQueue addOperationWithBlock:^{
                // 下载进度
                weakSelf.progressView.progress = 1.0 * downloadProgress.completedUnitCount / downloadProgress.totalUnitCount;
                weakSelf.progressLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"当前下载进度:%.2f%%",100.0 * downloadProgress.completedUnitCount / downloadProgress.totalUnitCount];
            }];
            
            
        } destination:^NSURL *(NSURL *targetPath, NSURLResponse *response) {
            
            NSURL *path = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomain:NSUserDomainMask appropriateForURL:nil create:NO error:nil];
            return [path URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"QQ_V5.4.0.dmg"];
            
        } completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSURL *filePath, NSError *error) {
            
            NSLog(@"File downloaded to: %@", filePath);
        }];
    
        // 4. 开启下载任务
        [downloadTask resume];
    }
    

    内部封装分析
    AFURLSessionManager.m

    - (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                                                 progress:(void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgressBlock
                                              destination:(NSURL * (^)(NSURL *targetPath, NSURLResponse *response))destination
                                        completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, NSURL *filePath, NSError *error))completionHandler
    {
        __block NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask = nil;
        url_session_manager_create_task_safely(^{
            downloadTask = [self.session downloadTaskWithRequest:request];
        });
    
        [self addDelegateForDownloadTask:downloadTask progress:downloadProgressBlock destination:destination completionHandler:completionHandler];
    
        return downloadTask;
    }
    

    其中self.session是AFURLSessionManager.h中的属性

    @property (readonly, nonatomic, strong) NSURLSession *session;
    

    它后面调用的API声明在NSFoundation的NSURLSession.h的头文件中

    /* Creates a data task with the given request.  The request may have a body stream. */
    - (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request;
    

    添加代理的封装
    AFURLSessionManager.m

    - (void)addDelegateForDataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask
                    uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgressBlock
                  downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgressBlock
                 completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error))completionHandler
    {
        AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate *delegate = [[AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate alloc] init];
        delegate.manager = self;
        delegate.completionHandler = completionHandler;
    
        dataTask.taskDescription = self.taskDescriptionForSessionTasks;
        [self setDelegate:delegate forTask:dataTask];
    
        delegate.uploadProgressBlock = uploadProgressBlock;
        delegate.downloadProgressBlock = downloadProgressBlock;
    }
    

    其中

    - (void)setDelegate:(AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate *)delegate
                forTask:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
    {
        NSParameterAssert(task);
        NSParameterAssert(delegate);
    
        [self.lock lock];
        self.mutableTaskDelegatesKeyedByTaskIdentifier[@(task.taskIdentifier)] = delegate;
        [delegate setupProgressForTask:task];
        [self addNotificationObserverForTask:task];
        [self.lock unlock];
    }
    

    其中,self.mutableTaskDelegatesKeyedByTaskIdentifier是个字典

    @property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) NSMutableDictionary *mutableTaskDelegatesKeyedByTaskIdentifier;
    

    被调用的地方在:

    - (AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate *)delegateForTask:(NSURLSessionTask *)task {
        NSParameterAssert(task);
    
        AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate *delegate = nil;
        [self.lock lock];
        delegate = self.mutableTaskDelegatesKeyedByTaskIdentifier[@(task.taskIdentifier)];
        [self.lock unlock];
    
        return delegate;
    }
    

    进而被调用的地方在:

    - (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
          downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask
    didFinishDownloadingToURL:(NSURL *)location
    {
        AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate *delegate = [self delegateForTask:downloadTask];
        if (self.downloadTaskDidFinishDownloading) {
            NSURL *fileURL = self.downloadTaskDidFinishDownloading(session, downloadTask, location);
            if (fileURL) {
                delegate.downloadFileURL = fileURL;
                NSError *error = nil;
                [[NSFileManager defaultManager] moveItemAtURL:location toURL:fileURL error:&error];
                if (error) {
                    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:AFURLSessionDownloadTaskDidFailToMoveFileNotification object:downloadTask userInfo:error.userInfo];
                }
    
                return;
            }
        }
    
        if (delegate) {
            [delegate URLSession:session downloadTask:downloadTask didFinishDownloadingToURL:location];
        }
    }
    

    5.2 dataTaskWithRequest: completionHandler:

    说明:这个NSURLSession的API容易跟AFURLSessionManager的API混淆,参数都是一个request和一个handler block。

    • NSURLSession的API是这样的:
    - (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request completionHandler:(void (^)(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error))completionHandler
    {
    
    • AFURLSessionManager的API是这样的,可以对比学习下:
    - (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error))completionHandler
    {
    

    调用示例 -- dataTaskWithRequest:
    DownloadVC.m

     // 创建下载URL
            NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://dldir1.qq.com/qqfile/QQforMac/QQ_V5.4.0.dmg"];
            
            // 2.创建request请求
            NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
            
            // 设置HTTP请求头中的Range
            NSString *range = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"bytes=%zd-", self.currentLength];
            [request setValue:range forHTTPHeaderField:@"Range"];
            
            __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
            _downloadTask = [self.manager dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response, id  _Nullable responseObject, NSError * _Nullable error) {
                NSLog(@"dataTaskWithRequest");
                
                // 清空长度
                weakSelf.currentLength = 0;
                weakSelf.fileLength = 0;
                
                // 关闭fileHandle
                [weakSelf.fileHandle closeFile];
                weakSelf.fileHandle = nil;
                
            }];
    

    其中self.manager是懒加载得到的AFURLSessionManager

    /**
     * manager的懒加载
     */
    - (AFURLSessionManager *)manager {
        if (!_manager) {
            NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
            // 1. 创建会话管理者
            _manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
        }
        return _manager;
    }
    

    内部封装分析
    AFURLSessionManager.m

    - (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                                completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error))completionHandler
    {
        return [self dataTaskWithRequest:request uploadProgress:nil downloadProgress:nil completionHandler:completionHandler];
    }
    
    - (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                                   uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgressBlock
                                 downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgressBlock
                                completionHandler:(nullable void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, id _Nullable responseObject,  NSError * _Nullable error))completionHandler {
    
        __block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil;
        url_session_manager_create_task_safely(^{
            dataTask = [self.session dataTaskWithRequest:request];
        });
    
        [self addDelegateForDataTask:dataTask uploadProgress:uploadProgressBlock downloadProgress:downloadProgressBlock completionHandler:completionHandler];
    
        return dataTask;
    }
    

    6. 调用栈分析

    初始化AFHTTPSessionManager的内部实现调用栈

    • [AFHTTPSessionManager initWithBaseURL:]
      • [AFHTTPSessionManager initWithBaseURL:sessionConfiguration:]
        • [AFURLSessionManager initWithSessionConfiguration:] // 调用了父类AFURLSessionManager的初始化方法
          • [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:delegate:delegateQueue:] // 调用了原生类NSURLSession的初始化方法
          • [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer]
          • [AFSecurityPolicy defaultPolicy]
          • [AFNetworkReachabilityManager sharedManager]
        • [AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer]
        • [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer]

    AFHTTPSessionManager发送请求的内部实现调用栈

    • [AFHTTPSessionManager GET:parameters:process:success:failure:]
      • [AFHTTPSessionManager dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:parameters:uploadProgress:downloadProgress:success:failure:] // 【注解1】
        • [AFHTTPRequestSerializer requestWithMethod:URLString:parameters:error:] // 获得NSMutableURLRequest
        • [AFURLSessionManager dataTaskWithRequest:uploadProgress:downloadProgress:completionHandler:] // 【注解2】
          • [NSURLSession dataTaskWithRequest:] // 【注解3】
          • [AFURLSessionManager addDelegateForDataTask:uploadProgress:downloadProgress:completionHandler:] // 添加代理
            • [AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate init]
            • [AFURLSessionManager setDelegate:forTask:]
      • [NSURLSessionDataTask resume]

    其中,【注解1】、【注解2】、【注解3】这三个方法得到的是同一个对象,即【注解3】中系统原生的NSURLSessionDataTask对象。所以,AF请求操作内部实现也是和原生NSURLSession操作一样,创建task,调用resume发送请求。

    7. 开放问题:session与TCP连接数

    请求的时候,NSURLSession的session跟TCP的个数是否有什么关系?有人说请求同域名且共享的session会复用同一个TCP链接,否则就不复用,就一个session一个TCP连接?

    关于这块的知识可研究资料较少,且不可信,笔者日后研究到确定的答案后再更新。也欢迎读者留下自己的见解。

    不过据我观察,可能没那么简单,新的iOS11系统新增了多路TCP即Multipath-TCP,因而也为NSURLSession和NSURLSessionConfiguration提供了新的属性multipathServiceType,以及HTTPMaximumConnectionsPerHost。下面是它们的定义:

    • NSURLSession.h
    /* multipath service type to use for connections.  The default is NSURLSessionMultipathServiceTypeNone */
    @property NSURLSessionMultipathServiceType multipathServiceType API_AVAILABLE(ios(11.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(macos, watchos, tvos);
    
    /* The maximum number of simultanous persistent connections per host */
    @property NSInteger HTTPMaximumConnectionsPerHost;
    
    • NSURLSession.h
    typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSURLSessionMultipathServiceType)
    {
        NSURLSessionMultipathServiceTypeNone = 0,       /* None - no multipath (default) */
        NSURLSessionMultipathServiceTypeHandover = 1,       /* Handover - secondary flows brought up when primary flow is not performing adequately. */
        NSURLSessionMultipathServiceTypeInteractive = 2, /* Interactive - secondary flows created more aggressively. */
        NSURLSessionMultipathServiceTypeAggregate = 3    /* Aggregate - multiple subflows used for greater bandwitdh. */
    } API_AVAILABLE(ios(11.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(macos, watchos, tvos) NS_SWIFT_NAME(URLSessionConfiguration.MultipathServiceType);
    
    • NSURLSessionConfiguration.h
    /* multipath service type to use for connections.  The default is NSURLSessionMultipathServiceTypeNone */
    @property NSURLSessionMultipathServiceType multipathServiceType API_AVAILABLE(ios(11.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(macos, watchos, tvos);
    
    /* The maximum number of simultanous persistent connections per host */
    @property NSInteger HTTPMaximumConnectionsPerHost;
    

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