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Solidity的Truffle框架实战(手把手)

Solidity的Truffle框架实战(手把手)

作者: TryBlockchain | 来源:发表于2017-01-24 20:32 被阅读12078次

    前置工作:

    1. 创建工程目录

    在你想放工程的任何位置,创建一个文件夹truffleTest,来做为你的工程根目录。

    $ mkdir -p /Users/admin/develop/blockchain_workspace/truffleTest
    

    2. 初始化框架

    进入到工程根目录下(现在应该是个空目录),并执行下述命令。

    $ cd /Users/admin/develop/blockchain_workspace/truffleTest
    $ truffle init
    

    正确执行后,我们将得到下面这样的目录结构:

    Paste_Image.png

    目录结构简单说明如下:

    • app/ - 你的应用文件运行的默认目录。这里面包括推荐的javascript文件和css样式文件目录,但你可以完全决定如何使用这些目录。
    • contract/ - Truffle默认的合约文件存放地址。
    • migrations/ - 存放发布脚本文件
    • test/ - 用来测试应用和合约的测试文件
    • truffle.js - Truffle的配置文件

    相关详细说明,详见:初始化Truffle

    3.放入自己的合约

    删除./contract目录下的自带demo合约,切记不要删除./contract/Migrations.sol合约,它是Truffle用来帮助部署的。

    $ cd /Users/admin/develop/blockchain_workspace/truffleTest/contracts
    
    $ rm ConvertLib.sol MetaCoin.sol
    

    ./contract目录下创建一个自己的合约文件Greeter.sol

    pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
    
    contract Greeter         
    {
        address creator;     
        string greeting;     
    
        function Greeter(string _greeting) public   
        {
            creator = msg.sender;
            greeting = _greeting;
        }
    
        function greet() constant returns (string)          
        {
            return greeting;
        }
        
        function setGreeting(string _newgreeting) 
        {
            greeting = _newgreeting;
        }
        
         /**********
         Standard kill() function to recover funds 
         **********/
        
        function kill()
        { 
            if (msg.sender == creator)
                suicide(creator);  // kills this contract and sends remaining funds back to creator
        }
    
    }
    

    代码来自fiveDogIt的一段入门代码05_greeter.sol

    4. 修改发布脚本

    ./migrations/2_deploy_contracts.js下的内容由:

    module.exports = function(deployer) {
      deployer.deploy(ConvertLib);
      deployer.autolink();
      deployer.deploy(MetaCoin);
    };
    
    

    修改为:

    module.exports = function(deployer) {
      deployer.deploy(Greeter);
    };
    
    

    目的是去掉原有自带的Demo部署流程,修改为要部署的合约。修改完后,记得保存,不然发布时会报错,找不到相关合约。详细发布流程参考:部署(migrate)

    5. 编译

    进入到工程根目录./truffleTest目录下,进行编译:

    $ truffle compile
    Compiling Greeter.sol...
    
    Writing artifacts to ./build/contracts
    

    6. 启动你的客户端

    启动之前安装好的EthereumJS RPC客户端。

    $ testrpc
    
    EthereumJS TestRPC v3.0.3
    
    Available Accounts
    ==================
    
    Private Keys
    ==================
    
    HD Wallet
    ==================
    Mnemonic:      degree debate income mask fiber issue album diet unfair police race car
    Base HD Path:  m/44'/60'/0'/0/{account_index}
    
    Listening on localhost:8545
    

    7. 部署合约(migrate)

    部署合约到网络上:

    $ truffle migrate
    Running migration: 2_deploy_contracts.js
      Deploying Greeter...
      Greeter: 0xe66038995cf64b14da96d26cbe1c96d30dec0e95
    Saving successful migration to network...
    Saving artifacts...
    

    备注

    • 如果报错出现了一些你之前编译部署过,但你已经不需要的合约,可以用truffle migrate --reset来重置部署,但可能根据情况,你需要更新移植版本号,来管理不同的版本,详见部署(migrate)

    • 若误删Truffle自带用来部署的合约./contracts/Migrations.sol,会出现下述报错,需要补回到./contract目录,重初始化一次得到。

    $ truffle migrate
    Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
    /Users/admin/develop/blockchain_workspace/truffleTest/migrations/1_initial_migration.js:2
      deployer.deploy(Migrations);
                      ^
    
    ReferenceError: Migrations is not defined
        at module.exports (/Users/admin/develop/blockchain_workspace/truffleTest/migrations/1_initial_migration.js:2:19)
        at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/lib/migrate.js:109:7
        at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/lib/require.js:82:7
        at tryToString (fs.js:425:3)
        at FSReqWrap.readFileAfterClose [as oncomplete] (fs.js:412:12)
    

    8. 看一下效果

    我们使用truffle console功能在控制台与合约交互,来看下效果。

    $ truffle console
    truffle(default)> Greeter.deployed().setGreeting("Hello world!");
    '0xf6a00b4466c9ab38d7eb60dc9f8d15f5f1e500e24ea91bd9e28f6233bad08aed'
    truffle(default)> Greeter.deployed().greet.call();
    'Hello world!'
    truffle(default)>
    
    • 在console中为简单需要,与使用直接使用代码方式在返回结果处理上有一点点差异,参见控制台
    • 要直接使用代码与合约交互,参见合约交互
    • 控制台内,可以通过声明变量来减少输入的内容,比如var g = Greeter.deployed();g.greet();。更多详见控制台

    常见报错

    • 以太坊客户端连接配置不正确,或未正常启动时。
    $ truffle console
    /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/lib/repl.js:25
        if (err) return done(err);
                        ^
    
    ReferenceError: done is not defined
        at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/lib/repl.js:25:21
        at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/lib/repl.js:57:21
        at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/lib/contracts.js:46:25
        at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/property.js:119:13
        at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/requestmanager.js:82:20
        at exports.XMLHttpRequest.request.onreadystatechange (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/httppro
    vider.js:114:13)
        at exports.XMLHttpRequest.dispatchEvent (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/node_modules/xmlhttprequest/lib/XMLHttpRequest.
    js:591:25)
        at setState (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/node_modules/xmlhttprequest/lib/XMLHttpRequest.js:610:14)
        at exports.XMLHttpRequest.handleError (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/node_modules/xmlhttprequest/lib/XMLHttpRequest.js
    :532:5)
        at ClientRequest.errorHandler (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/node_modules/xmlhttprequest/lib/XMLHttpRequest.js:459:14)
        at emitOne (events.js:96:13)
        at ClientRequest.emit (events.js:188:7)
        at Socket.socketErrorListener (_http_client.js:309:9)
        at emitOne (events.js:96:13)
        at Socket.emit (events.js:188:7)
        at emitErrorNT (net.js:1281:8)
    
    • 若合约未进行部署就进行调用,可能出现下述报错:
    truffle(default)> Greeter.deployed().setGreeting("Hello world!");
    Error: Cannot find deployed address: Greeter not deployed or address not set.
        at Function.Contract.deployed (/Users/admin/develop/blockchain_workspace/truffleTest/build/contracts/Greeter.sol.js:311:1
    3)
        at evalmachine.<anonymous>:1:-53
    
        at ContextifyScript.Script.runInContext (vm.js:37:29)
        at Object.exports.runInContext (vm.js:69:17)
        at TruffleInterpreter.interpret (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/lib/repl.js:99:17)
        at bound (domain.js:280:14)
        at REPLServer.runBound [as eval] (domain.js:293:12)
        at REPLServer.onLine (repl.js:513:10)
        at emitOne (events.js:96:13)
        at REPLServer.emit (events.js:188:7)
    

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      网友评论

      • d9a7aaabb8c4:博主厉害,分享一个以太坊DApp开发入门教程:
        http://xc.hubwiz.com/course/5a952991adb3847553d205d1?affid=20180324jianshu
      • 土锅:文章有点老了,更新了一下:https://github.com/wangzukun/truffle4-demo
      • 72309df31203:咨询两个问题哈
        1、window 每次编译、部署时候,弹出框 module未定义,代码 800A1391错误,但是我geth客户端与testrpc都安装了啊
        2、linux centOS 下 每次部署提示我网络未发现,但是我也安装了testrpc 并且开启了
        Error: No network specified. Cannot determine current network.
        at Object.detect (/usr/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/cli.bundled.js:41338:23)
        at /usr/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/cli.bundled.js:202239:19
        at finished (/usr/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/cli.bundled.js:41266:9)
        at /usr/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/cli.bundled.js:200593:14
        at /usr/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/cli.bundled.js:63299:7
        at /usr/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/cli.bundled.js:165077:9
        at /usr/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/cli.bundled.js:161676:16
        at replenish (/usr/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/cli.bundled.js:162196:25)
        at iterateeCallback (/usr/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/cli.bundled.js:162186:17)
        at /usr/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/cli.bundled.js:162161:16
      • 沙发迪:谢谢分享
      • 36d10ece0a35: Greeter.deployed(...).setGreeting is not a function
        在truffle console里面报了这个 是什么原因呢 合约跟你写的一样的
        简之极:你好,是否已经解决,跟你一样的问题!
        72d18d259270:我也遇到了你们一样的问题,有解了么?
        loading1024:你好,遇到和你一样的问题,请问你解决了吗?

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