We live in a society in which the medical and social use of substances(drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive use of asubstance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
核心词汇：
substance/'sʌbstəns/ n.物质
pervasive /pɜːˈveɪsɪv/ adj.无处不在的
constructive /kən'strʌktɪv/ adj.积极的；建设性的
perceptual /pɚ'sɛptʃuəl/ adj.知觉的；感知的
distortion /dɪˈstɔːʃən/ n.歪曲; 曲解
addiction/ə'dɪkʃən/ n.瘾
tolerance /'tɑlərəns/ n.耐药性；忍受；宽容
appearance/ə'pɪrəns/ n.出现; 外表
withdrawal /wɪð'drɔəl/ n.脱瘾（过程）;撤退；撤回
symptom /'sɪmptəm/ n.症状
长难句解析：
本句是一个主从复合句，句子的主干是Dependence is markedfirst by an increased tolerance and then by the appearance.首先，两个逗号之间的部分是独立主格结构作状语；其次，of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms 是介词短语作后置定语修饰appearance ；最后是when引导的时间状语从句。
参考译文：
在我们生活的社会里，物质（药物）的医学和社会使用无处不在：用阿司匹林来缓解头痛；用酒来社交；喝咖啡来保持活力；抽烟来缓解精神紧张？什么时候这些社会接受、有明显积极作用的物质的使用变成滥用了呐？首先，大多数药物过量服用，会产生消极影响，比如中毒或严重的知觉错乱。重复使用一种物质也会大致身体上瘾或物质依赖。物质依赖最初的表现是抗药性不断增加，需要越来越多的物质产生想要的效果，然后当中止服用药物时，就会产生不适的脱瘾症状。
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