前言
最近接到这样一个需求,每隔固定时间采集用户的位置,然后再把这些数据上传到服务器。研究了下ios的定位功能,在后台定时遇到了一些困难。当app进入后台状态,定时器就不再运行,导致无法取到用户的位置。
在网上查了一些资料,发现有人已经实现了这个功能,它是一个Github上的第三方库,叫Location,不仅能在后台定时采集位置数据,还优化了定位方式,减少耗电。
接下来我们来看看Location是如何实现的以及它存在的问题。
代码结构
Location代码结构BackgroundTaskManager
负责创建、管理后台任务,提供两个方法,开始和结束后台任务。它实现了后台任务的无限期运行。
@interface BackgroundTaskManager : NSObject
+(instancetype)sharedBackgroundTaskManager;
-(UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier)beginNewBackgroundTask;
-(void)endAllBackgroundTasks;
@end
LocationShareModel
包装了后台任务类,也管理定位定时器。
@interface LocationShareModel : NSObject
@property (nonatomic) NSTimer *timer;
@property (nonatomic) NSTimer * delay10Seconds;
@property (nonatomic) BackgroundTaskManager * bgTask;
@property (nonatomic) NSMutableArray *myLocationArray;
+(id)sharedModel;
@end
LocationTracker
负责管理后台定时定位的主类。
我们先看一下它提供的接口。
+ (CLLocationManager *)sharedLocationManager;
//开始追踪定位
- (BOOL)startLocationTracking;
//停止追踪定位
- (void)stopLocationTracking;
//向服务器发送已获取的设备位置数据
- (void)updateLocationToServer;
LocationTracker类的初始化
+ (CLLocationManager *)sharedLocationManager {
static CLLocationManager *_locationManager;
@synchronized(self) {
if (_locationManager == nil) {
_locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
//设备位置精度,这里设置为最高精度
_locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation;
//是否暂停更新
_locationManager.pausesLocationUpdatesAutomatically = NO;
//iOS9的新特性,打开后台位置更新,还要在plist中配置
if (IOS9ORLATER) {
_locationManager.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = YES;
}
}
}
return _locationManager;
}
当应用进入后台,借助BackgroundTaskManager无限延长后台任务的存活时间,进行后台采集位置信息。
- (id)init {
if (self==[super init]) {
//Get the share model and also initialize myLocationArray
self.shareModel = [LocationShareModel sharedModel];
self.shareModel.myLocationArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(applicationEnterBackground) name:UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification object:nil];
}
return self;
}
-(void)applicationEnterBackground{
CLLocationManager *locationManager = [LocationTracker sharedLocationManager];
locationManager.delegate = self;
locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation;
locationManager.distanceFilter = kCLDistanceFilterNone;
if(IOS8ORLATER) {
[locationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
}
[locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
//Use the BackgroundTaskManager to manage all the background Task
self.shareModel.bgTask = [BackgroundTaskManager sharedBackgroundTaskManager];
[self.shareModel.bgTask beginNewBackgroundTask];
}
持续获取设备的位置,是个特别耗电的任务。为了减少耗电,定时关闭位置服务。在接收到位置信息10秒后,关闭位置服务,一分钟后再重新打开位置服务,这样就达到减少耗电的目的。我们看代码的实现
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray *)locations{
......
self.shareModel.bgTask = [BackgroundTaskManager sharedBackgroundTaskManager];
[self.shareModel.bgTask beginNewBackgroundTask];
//Restart the locationMaanger after 1 minute
self.shareModel.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:60 target:self
selector:@selector(restartLocationUpdates)
userInfo:nil
repeats:NO];
//Will only stop the locationManager after 10 seconds, so that we can get some accurate locations
//The location manager will only operate for 10 seconds to save battery
if (self.shareModel.delay10Seconds) {
[self.shareModel.delay10Seconds invalidate];
self.shareModel.delay10Seconds = nil;
}
self.shareModel.delay10Seconds = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:10 target:self
selector:@selector(stopLocationDelayBy10Seconds)
userInfo:nil
repeats:NO];
}
重启位置服务
- (void) restartLocationUpdates
{
if (self.shareModel.timer) {
[self.shareModel.timer invalidate];
self.shareModel.timer = nil;
}
CLLocationManager *locationManager = [LocationTracker sharedLocationManager];
locationManager.delegate = self;
locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation;
locationManager.distanceFilter = kCLDistanceFilterNone;
if(IOS8ORLATER) {
[locationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
}
[locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
}
按照Location库的设计,在updateLocationToServer方法中,处理向服务器发送信息。
- (void)updateLocationToServer {
.........
//TODO: 在这里插入你的代码,处理向服务器发送位置信息
........
}
实践
这个类库解决了后台定时定位的问题,使用也很简单,而且还处理了定位耗电的问题,使耗电量降低到每小时5%左右。但在实践的过程中发现它存在一些问题。
- 发送数据到服务器方法的定时器,最大支持3分钟;
- 发送数据到服务器方法的定时器,在运行2小时后就停止了;
- 发送数据到服务器方法的定时器,不准确;
经过一些尝试,废弃了updateLocationToServer方法,将发送数据的代码移到locationManager中,才解决了这几个问题。具体解决方法如下:
首先为LocationTracker类添加一个私有的属性,记录上次执行发送数据的时间。
@interface LocationTracker ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSDate *lastSendDate;
@end
在locationManager回调方法中添加自己的代码。
.......
//Select only valid location and also location with good accuracy
if(newLocation!=nil&&theAccuracy>0
&&theAccuracy<2000
&&(!(theLocation.latitude==0.0&&theLocation.longitude==0.0))){
self.myLastLocation = theLocation;
self.myLastLocationAccuracy= theAccuracy;
NSMutableDictionary * dict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]init];
[dict setObject:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:theLocation.latitude] forKey:@"latitude"];
[dict setObject:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:theLocation.longitude] forKey:@"longitude"];
[dict setObject:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:theAccuracy] forKey:@"theAccuracy"];
//Add the vallid location with good accuracy into an array
//Every 1 minute, I will select the best location based on accuracy and send to server
[self.shareModel.myLocationArray addObject:dict];
//这里插入代码,处理发送位置数据到服务器
if (!self.lastSendDate || [[self.lastSendDate dateByAddingHours:1] compare:[NSDate date]] <= 0) {
self.lastSendDate = [NSDate date];
}
}
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