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(3)Go实现循环队列

(3)Go实现循环队列

作者: 哥斯拉啊啊啊哦 | 来源:发表于2019-04-15 20:57 被阅读0次

    队列的实现方法2,循环队列

    循环队列实现思路:
    1.循环队列须要几个參数来确定
      front,tail,length,capacity
      front指向队列的第一个元素,tail指向队列最后一个元素的下一个位置
      length表示当前队列的长度,capacity标示队列最多容纳的元素
    2.循环队列各个參数的含义
    (1)队列初始化时,front和tail值都为零
    (2)当队列不为空时,front指向队列的第一个元素,tail指向队列最后一个元素的下一个位置;
    (3)当队列为空时,front与tail的值相等,但不一定为零
    (4)当(tail+1)% capacity == front ||  (length+1)== capacity 表示队列为满,
        因此循环队列默认浪费1个空间
    3.循环队列算法实现
    (1)把值存在tail所在的位置;
    (2)每插入1个元素,length+1,tail=(tail+1)% capacity
    (3)每取出1个元素,length-1,front=(front+1)% capacity
    (4)扩容功能,当队列容量满,即length+1==capacity时,capacity扩大为原来的2倍
    (5)缩容功能,当队列长度小于容量的1/4,即length<=capacity/4时,capacity缩短为原来的一半
    
    // 循环队列实现方法
    type loopQueue struct {
        queues   []interface{}
        front    int //队首
        tail     int //队尾
        length   int //队伍长度
        capacity int //队伍容量
    }
    
    func NewLoopQueue() *loopQueue {
        loop := &loopQueue{
            queues:   make([]interface{}, 0, 2),
            front:    0,
            tail:     0,
            length:   0,
            capacity: 2,
        }
        //初始化队列
        for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
            loop.queues = append(loop.queues, "")
        }
        return loop
    }
    
    func (q *loopQueue) Len() int {
        return q.length
    }
    
    func (q *loopQueue) Cap() int {
        return q.capacity
    }
    
    func (q *loopQueue) IsEmpty() bool {
        return q.length == 0
    }
    
    func (q *loopQueue) IsFull() bool {
        return (q.length + 1) == q.capacity
    }
    
    func (q *loopQueue) GetFront() (interface{}, error) {
        if q.Len() == 0 {
            return nil, errors.New(
                "failed to getFront,queues is empty.")
        }
        return q.queues[q.front], nil
    }
    
    func (q *loopQueue) Enqueue(elem interface{}) {
        // 队列扩容
        if q.IsFull() {
            buffer := new(loopQueue)
            //初始化队列
            for i := 0; i < 2*q.capacity; i++ {
                buffer.queues = append(buffer.queues, "")
            }
            for i := 0; i < q.length; i++ {
                buffer.queues[i] = q.queues[q.front]
                q.front = (q.front + 1) % q.capacity
            }
            q.queues = buffer.queues
            q.front = 0
            q.tail = q.length
            q.capacity = 2 * q.capacity
        }
    
        q.queues[q.tail] = elem
        q.tail = (q.tail + 1) % q.capacity
        q.length++
    }
    
    func (q *loopQueue) Dequeue() (interface{}, error) {
        if q.IsEmpty() {
            return nil, errors.New(
                "failed to dequeue,queues is empty.")
        }
    
        // 当队列长度小于容量1/4时,队列容量缩短一半
        if q.length <= q.capacity/4 {
            buffer := new(loopQueue)
            //初始化队列
            for i := 0; i < q.capacity/2; i++ {
                buffer.queues = append(buffer.queues, "")
            }
            for i := 0; i < q.length; i++ {
                buffer.queues[i] = q.queues[q.front]
                q.front = (q.front + 1) % q.capacity
            }
            q.queues = buffer.queues
            q.front = 0
            q.tail = q.length
            q.capacity = q.capacity / 2
        }
    
        queue := q.queues[q.front]
        q.front = (q.front + 1) % q.capacity
        q.length--
        return queue, nil
    }
    
    // 测试队列
    func main() {
        q := queue4.NewLoopQueue()
    
        for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
            q.Enqueue(fmt.Sprintln(strconv.Itoa(i) + "--world "))
        }
    
        fmt.Printf("isEmpty:%v, isFull:%v, len=%v, cap=%v, getFront=%v\n",
            q.IsEmpty(), q.IsFull(), q.Len(), q.Cap(), fmt.Sprintln(q.GetFront()))
        fmt.Printf("isEmpty:%v, isFull:%v, len=%v, cap=%v, dequeue=%v\n",
            q.IsEmpty(), q.IsFull(), q.Len(), q.Cap(), fmt.Sprintln(q.Dequeue()))
        fmt.Printf("isEmpty:%v, isFull:%v, len=%v, cap=%v, dequeue=%v\n",
            q.IsEmpty(), q.IsFull(), q.Len(), q.Cap(), fmt.Sprintln(q.Dequeue()))
        fmt.Printf("isEmpty:%v, isFull:%v, len=%v, cap=%v, dequeue=%v\n",
            q.IsEmpty(), q.IsFull(), q.Len(), q.Cap(), fmt.Sprintln(q.Dequeue()))
        fmt.Printf("isEmpty:%v, isFull:%v, len=%v, cap=%v, dequeue=%v\n",
            q.IsEmpty(), q.IsFull(), q.Len(), q.Cap(), fmt.Sprintln(q.Dequeue()))
        fmt.Printf("isEmpty:%v, isFull:%v, len=%v, cap=%v, dequeue=%v\n",
            q.IsEmpty(), q.IsFull(), q.Len(), q.Cap(), fmt.Sprintln(q.Dequeue()))
        fmt.Printf("isEmpty:%v, isFull:%v, len=%v, cap=%v, dequeue=%v\n",
            q.IsEmpty(), q.IsFull(), q.Len(), q.Cap(), fmt.Sprintln(q.Dequeue()))
        fmt.Printf("isEmpty:%v, isFull:%v, len=%v, cap=%v, getFront=%v\n",
            q.IsEmpty(), q.IsFull(), q.Len(), q.Cap(), fmt.Sprintln(q.GetFront()))
    }
    
    // 测试结果
    isEmpty:false, isFull:false, len=5, cap=8, getFront=0--world  <nil>
    isEmpty:false, isFull:false, len=5, cap=8, dequeue=0--world  <nil>
    isEmpty:false, isFull:false, len=4, cap=8, dequeue=1--world  <nil>
    isEmpty:false, isFull:false, len=3, cap=8, dequeue=2--world  <nil>
    isEmpty:false, isFull:false, len=2, cap=8, dequeue=3--world  <nil>
    isEmpty:false, isFull:false, len=1, cap=4, dequeue=4--world  <nil>
    isEmpty:true, isFull:false, len=0, cap=2, dequeue=<nil> failed to dequeue,queues is empty.
    isEmpty:true, isFull:false, len=0, cap=2, getFront=<nil> failed to getFront,queues is empty.
    

    顺序队列取出元素的时间复杂度为O(n),循环队列取出元素的时间复杂度为O(1),相对快很多
    该实现方法的缺陷是每次扩容缩容,都要给队列初始化capacity数量的元素,一开始初始化较大的空间,并把缩容功能去掉,能一定程度上加快速度,不过应该还有更好的实现方法..

    下面地址,用链表实现队列
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/6cb6798ecef0

    有bug欢迎指出,转载请注明出处。

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