Java线程的6种状态分析

作者: 两句挽联 | 来源:发表于2019-03-29 20:21 被阅读0次

    想起来写一下Java线程状态,还是源起与最近的一次问题定位,当时碰到一个偶先超时的问题,使用jstack命令打印出堆栈信息之后,例如

    
    "transport-vert.x-eventloop-thread-11" #37 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f628d0f8800 nid=0x2a32 runnable [0x00007f62631f8000]
       java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
            at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.epollWait(Native Method)
            at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.poll(EPollArrayWrapper.java:269)
            at sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl.doSelect(EPollSelectorImpl.java:93)
            at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.lockAndDoSelect(SelectorImpl.java:86)
            - locked <0x00000006f3cb4310> (a io.netty.channel.nio.SelectedSelectionKeySet)
            - locked <0x00000006f3cb43d8> (a java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableSet)
            - locked <0x00000006f3cb42c8> (a sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl)
            at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.select(SelectorImpl.java:97)
            at io.netty.channel.nio.SelectedSelectionKeySetSelector.select(SelectedSelectionKeySetSelector.java:62)
            at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.select(NioEventLoop.java:755)
            at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:410)
            at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$5.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:884)
            at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
            at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    

    通过定位线程的状态,找到了错误的原因,也稍微费了些劲,所以想到把线程的一些状态再这里面总结一下

    线程的6种状态

    Java线程Threadpackage java.lang;中可以找到,通过源码,我们可以看到其状态有如下6种

    • NEW
    • RUNNABLE
    • BLOCKED
    • WAITING
    • TIMED_WAITING
    • TERMINATED

    下面分别解释一下各种状态

    NEW

    顾名思义,这个状态,只存在于线程刚创建,未start之前,例如

            MyThread thread = new MyThread();
            System.out.println(thread.getState());
    

    此时打印出来的状态就是NEW

    RUNNABLE

    这个状态的线程,其正在JVM中执行,但是这个"执行",不一定是真的在运行, 也有可能是在等待CPU资源。所以,在网上,有人把这个状态区分为READY和RUNNING两个,一个表示的start了,资源一到位随时可以执行,另一个表示真正的执行中,例如

            MyThread thread = new MyThread(lock);
            thread.start();
            System.out.println(thread.getState());
    

    BLOCKED

    这个状态,一般是线程等待获取一个锁,来继续执行下一步的操作,比较经典的就是synchronized关键字,这个关键字修饰的代码块或者方法,均需要获取到对应的锁,在未获取之前,其线程的状态就一直未BLOCKED,如果线程长时间处于这种状态下,我们就是当心看是否出现死锁的问题了。例如

    public class MyThread extends Thread {
        private byte[] lock = new byte[0];
    
        public MyThread(byte[] lock) {
            this.lock = lock;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            synchronized (lock){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(10000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("done");
    
            }
        }
    }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
            byte[] lock = new byte[0];
            MyThread thread1 = new MyThread(lock);
            thread1.start();
            MyThread thread2 = new MyThread(lock);
            thread2.start();
            Thread.sleep(1000);//等一会再检查状态
            System.out.println(thread2.getState());
        }
    

    此时我们看到的输出的第二个线程的状态就是BLOCKED

    WAITING

    一个线程会进入这个状态,一定是执行了如下的一些代码,例如

    • Object.wait()
    • Thread.join()
    • LockSupport.park()
      当一个线程执行了Object.wait()的时候,它一定在等待另一个线程执行Object.notify()或者Object.notifyAll()。
      或者一个线程thread,其在主线程中被执行了thread.join()的时候,主线程即会等待该线程执行完成。当一个线程执行了LockSupport.park()的时候,其在等待执行LockSupport.unpark(thread)。当该线程处于这种等待的时候,其状态即为WAITING。需要关注的是,这边的等待是没有时间限制的,当发现有这种状态的线程的时候,若其长时间处于这种状态,也需要关注下程序内部有无逻辑异常。例如
      LockSupport.park()
    public class MyThread extends Thread {
        private byte[] lock = new byte[0];
    
        public MyThread(byte[] lock) {
            this.lock = lock;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            LockSupport.park();
        }
    }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
            byte[] lock = new byte[0];
            MyThread thread1 = new MyThread(lock);
            thread1.start();
            Thread.sleep(100);
            System.out.println(thread1.getState());
            LockSupport.unpark(thread1);
            Thread.sleep(100);
            System.out.println(thread1.getState());
        }
    

    输出WAITING和TERMINATED

    Object.wait()

    public class MyThread extends Thread {
        private byte[] lock = new byte[0];
    
        public MyThread(byte[] lock) {
            this.lock = lock;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            synchronized (lock){
                try {
                    lock.wait(); //wait并允许其他线程同步lock
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
        public static void main(String[] args)
            throws InterruptedException {
            byte[] lock = new byte[0];
            MyThread thread1 = new MyThread(lock);
            thread1.start();
            Thread.sleep(100);
            System.out.println(thread1.getState()); //这时候线程状态应为WAITING
            synchronized (lock){
                lock.notify(); //notify通知wait的线程
            }
            Thread.sleep(100);
            System.out.println(thread1.getState());
        }
    

    输出WAITING和TERMINATED

    Thread.join()

    public class MyThread extends Thread {
        private byte[] lock = new byte[0];
    
        public MyThread(byte[] lock) {
            this.lock = lock;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public class MyThread1 extends Thread {
    
        Thread thread;
    
        public MyThread1(Thread thread) {
            this.thread = thread;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                thread.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public class Main {
    
        public static void main(String[] args)
            throws InterruptedException {
            byte[] lock = new byte[0];
            MyThread thread = new MyThread(lock);
            thread.start();
            MyThread1 thread1 = new MyThread1(thread);
            thread1.start();
            Thread.sleep(100);
            System.out.println(thread1.getState());
        }
    }
    

    输出为WAITING

    TIMED_WAITING

    这个状态和WAITING状态的区别就是,这个状态的等待是有一定时效的,即可以理解为WAITING状态等待的时间是永久的,即必须等到某个条件符合才能继续往下走,否则线程不会被唤醒。但是TIMED_WAITING,等待一段时间之后,会唤醒线程去重新获取锁。当执行如下代码的时候,对应的线程会进入到TIMED_WAITING状态

    • Thread.sleep(long)
    • Object.wait(long)
    • Thread.join(long)
    • LockSupport.parkNanos()
    • LockSupport.parkUntil()

    代码示例
    Thread.sleep

    public class MyThread3 extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
            Thread thread = new MyThread3();
            thread.start();
            Thread.sleep(100);
            System.out.println(thread.getState());
    

    输出为TIMED_WAITING

    Object.wait

    public class MyThread4 extends Thread {
        private Object lock;
    
        public MyThread4(Object lock) {
            this.lock = lock;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
    
            synchronized (lock){
                try {
                    lock.wait(1000);//注意,此处1s之后线程醒来,会重新尝试去获取锁,如果拿不到,后面的代码也不执行
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("lock end");
            }
        }
    }
    
            byte[] lock = new byte[0];
            MyThread4 thread = new MyThread4(lock);
            thread.start();
            Thread.sleep(100);
            System.out.println(thread.getState());
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println(thread.getState());
    

    输出
    TIMED_WAITING
    lock end
    TERMINATED

    其余方法类似

    TERMINATED
    这个状态很好理解,即为线程执行结束之后的状态

    状态之间的切换

    线程状态切换.png

    以上这张图,能够较好的说明线程之前的状态切换

    借鉴

    https://blog.csdn.net/pange1991/article/details/53860651

    感谢阅读

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