GIF是由CompuServe公司所推出的一种图形文件格式,安卓系统控件并不支持gif图片,如果将一个gif图片设置到ImageView上,它只会播放第一帧
在Java层可以利用创建Movie实例,绘制每一帧图片来达到Gif动态效果。
问题点:
部分Gif图片不能自适应大小,
播放速度比实际播放速度快,
如果要显示的gif过大,还会出现OOM的问题。
Glide框架对gif的支持是利用GifHelper,同样的也会产生这些问题,很明显在Java层做处理并不是特别棒。
既然gif图片是CompuServe公司推出的,那么它必然有自己的加载方式:giflib,这个库由c编写,其中提供解析gif方法,在安卓源码中也含有这个库,位于\external目录下
我们创建NDK工程,将这个库中文件拷贝到项目中,在gif_lib.h头文件中,定义了gif图片相应的结构体GifFileType,我们首先分析下这个数据结构
typedef struct GifFileType {
GifWord SWidth, SHeight; /* 图片的宽,高 */
GifWord SColorResolution; /* How many colors can we generate? */
GifWord SBackGroundColor; /* Background color for virtual canvas */
GifByteType AspectByte; /* Used to compute pixel aspect ratio */
ColorMapObject *SColorMap; /* Global colormap, NULL if nonexistent. */
int ImageCount; /* 帧数:一共多少张图片 */
GifImageDesc Image; /* Current image (low-level API) */
SavedImage *SavedImages; /* 图片数据数组:每一帧的图片数据 */
int ExtensionBlockCount; /* Count of extensions before image */
ExtensionBlock *ExtensionBlocks; /* Extensions before image */
int Error; /* Last error condition reported */
void *UserData; /* 可以绑定我们自己的数据,类似于View的tag */
void *Private; /* Don't mess with this! */
} GifFileType;
GifFileType结构体中,我们需要关注的:除了图片的宽高、帧数、自己绑定的数据外,还有一个结构体SavedImage,它储存了每一帧的图片数据。
typedef struct SavedImage {
GifImageDesc ImageDesc; /* 图象标识符 */
GifByteType *RasterBits; /* 每个像素对应的压缩颜色 */
int ExtensionBlockCount; /* 扩展块个数 */
ExtensionBlock *ExtensionBlocks; /* 扩展块数据 */
} SavedImage;
SavedImage 结构体中又含有大量的结构体,我们一一解析
1.GifImageDesc 结构体:图像标识符,存储着显示图片内容的像素偏移量(一张图片宽高是100*100,但实际真正的显示内容可能只有50*50)
typedef struct GifImageDesc {
GifWord Left, Top, Width, Height; /* 内容偏移量. */
bool Interlace; /* Sequential/Interlaced lines. */
ColorMapObject *ColorMap; /* 解压的RGB值 */
} GifImageDesc;
typedef struct ColorMapObject {
int ColorCount;
int BitsPerPixel;
bool SortFlag;
GifColorType *Colors; /* on malloc(3) heap */
} ColorMapObject;
typedef struct GifColorType {
GifByteType Red, Green, Blue; /* 三原色 */
} GifColorType;
2.GifByteType :存储着每个像素对应的压缩RGB颜色(只包含内容的)
typedef unsigned char GifByteType;
3.ExtensionBlock 结构体:扩展块数据,分为4个
图形控制扩展(Graphic Control Extension) 固定值0xF9
作用:用来跟踪下一帧的信息和渲染形式
注释扩展块 固定值0xFE
作用 :可以用来记录图形、版权、描述等任何的非图形和控制的纯文本数据
图形文本扩展块 固定值0x01
作用:控制绘制的参数,比如左边界偏移量
应用程序扩展 固定值 0xFF
作用:这是提供给应用程序自己使用的,应用程序可以在这里定义自己的标识、
信息。可以做到当前app所生成的gif只能由我这个app打开
我们目前只需要关注:图形控制扩展(Graphic Control Extension) 即可,其中存储着每一帧的延时(每一帧播放的时长可能不同,这就是为什么使用Java实现会比真实gif播放快的原因)
typedef struct ExtensionBlock {
int ByteCount;
GifByteType *Bytes; /* GifByteType就是char类型,之前用于存储三原色,这边第3个元素存储着延时时间的高8位,第二个元素存储着延时时间的低8位 */
int Function; /* The block function code */
#define CONTINUE_EXT_FUNC_CODE 0x00 /* continuation subblock */
#define COMMENT_EXT_FUNC_CODE 0xfe /* comment */
#define GRAPHICS_EXT_FUNC_CODE 0xf9 /* graphics control (GIF89) */
#define PLAINTEXT_EXT_FUNC_CODE 0x01 /* plaintext */
#define APPLICATION_EXT_FUNC_CODE 0xff /* application block */
} ExtensionBlock;
需要注意的是:GifByteType就是char类型,之前用于存储三原色,这边用于存储延时时间:第3个元素存储着延时时间的高8位,第二个元素存储着延时时间的低8位
到此,gif图片的结构体已经分析完毕
gif结构体接下来编写相应的native代码,实现gif图的播放
package com.aruba.gifapplication;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import java.io.FileDescriptor;
public class GifHandler {
private long gifAddr;
static {
System.loadLibrary("native-lib");
}
public GifHandler(FileDescriptor fileDescriptor, long offset) {
this.gifAddr = loadFd(fileDescriptor, offset);
}
/**
* 加载gif资源文件
*
* @param fileDescriptor
* @param offset
* @return
*/
private native long loadFd(FileDescriptor fileDescriptor, long offset);
/**
* 获取图片的宽
*
* @param ndkGif
* @return
*/
public native int getWidth(long ndkGif);
/**
* 获取图片的高
*
* @param ndkGif
* @return
*/
public native int getHeight(long ndkGif);
public native int updateFrame(long ndkGif, Bitmap bitmap);
public int getWidth() {
return getWidth(gifAddr);
}
public int getHeight() {
return getHeight(gifAddr);
}
/**
* 更新bitmap到下一帧
*
* @param bitmap
* @return
*/
public int updateFrame(Bitmap bitmap) {
return updateFrame(gifAddr, bitmap);
}
}
#include <jni.h>
#include <string>
#include "gif_lib.h"
#include <android/log.h>
#include <android/bitmap.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define LOG_TAG "aruba"
#define argb(a, r, g, b) ( ((a) & 0xff) << 24 ) | ( ((b) & 0xff) << 16 ) | ( ((g) & 0xff) << 8 ) | ((r) & 0xff)
#define LOGE(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR,LOG_TAG,__VA_ARGS__)
typedef struct GifBean {
int current_frame;
int total_frame;
int *dealys;
} GifBean;
extern "C" {
//绘制一张图片
void drawFrame(GifFileType *gifFileType, GifBean *gifBean, AndroidBitmapInfo info, void *pixels) {
//播放底层代码
// 拿到当前帧
SavedImage savedImage = gifFileType->SavedImages[gifBean->current_frame];
GifImageDesc frameInfo = savedImage.ImageDesc;
//整幅图片的首地址
int *px = (int *) pixels;
// 每一行的首地址
int *line;
// 其中一个像素的位置 不是指针 在颜色表中的索引
int pointPixel;
GifByteType gifByteType;
GifColorType gifColorType;
ColorMapObject *colorMapObject = frameInfo.ColorMap;
px = (int *) ((char *) px + info.stride * frameInfo.Top);
for (int y = frameInfo.Top; y < frameInfo.Top + frameInfo.Height; ++y) {
line = px;
for (int x = frameInfo.Left; x < frameInfo.Left + frameInfo.Width; ++x) {
pointPixel = (y - frameInfo.Top) * frameInfo.Width + (x - frameInfo.Left);
gifByteType = savedImage.RasterBits[pointPixel];
gifColorType = colorMapObject->Colors[gifByteType];
line[x] = argb(255, gifColorType.Red, gifColorType.Green, gifColorType.Blue);
}
px = (int *) ((char *) px + info.stride);
}
} ;
int fileRead(GifFileType *gif, GifByteType *bytes, int size) {
FILE *file = (FILE *) gif->UserData;
return fread(bytes, 1, size, file);
}
JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL
Java_com_aruba_gifapplication_GifHandler_loadFd(JNIEnv *env, jobject instance,
jobject fileDescriptor, jlong offset) {
jclass clz = env->GetObjectClass(fileDescriptor);
jfieldID jfieldID = env->GetFieldID(clz, "descriptor", "I");
jint oldFd = env->GetIntField(fileDescriptor, jfieldID);
const int fd = dup(oldFd);
lseek64(fd, offset, SEEK_SET);
FILE *file = fdopen(fd, "rb");
int err;
//用系统函数打开一个gif文件 返回一个结构体,这个结构体为句柄
GifFileType *gifFileType = DGifOpen(file, fileRead, &err);
DGifSlurp(gifFileType);
GifBean *gifBean = (GifBean *) malloc(sizeof(GifBean));
//清空内存地址
memset(gifBean, 0, sizeof(GifBean));
//绑定tag
gifFileType->UserData = gifBean;
gifBean->dealys = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * gifFileType->ImageCount);
memset(gifBean->dealys, 0, sizeof(int) * gifFileType->ImageCount);
gifBean->total_frame = gifFileType->ImageCount;
ExtensionBlock *ext;
for (int i = 0; i < gifFileType->ImageCount; ++i) {
SavedImage frame = gifFileType->SavedImages[i];
for (int j = 0; j < frame.ExtensionBlockCount; ++j) {
if (frame.ExtensionBlocks[j].Function == GRAPHICS_EXT_FUNC_CODE) {
ext = &frame.ExtensionBlocks[j];
break;
}
}
if (ext) {
int frame_delay = 10 * (ext->Bytes[2] << 8 | ext->Bytes[1]);
LOGE("时间 %d ", frame_delay);
gifBean->dealys[i] = frame_delay;
}
}
LOGE("gif 长度大小 %d ", gifFileType->ImageCount);
return (jlong) gifFileType;
}
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_com_aruba_gifapplication_GifHandler_getWidth(JNIEnv *env, jobject instance, jlong ndkGif) {
GifFileType *gifFileType = (GifFileType *) ndkGif;
return gifFileType->SWidth;
}
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_com_aruba_gifapplication_GifHandler_getHeight(JNIEnv *env, jobject instance, jlong ndkGif) {
GifFileType *gifFileType = (GifFileType *) ndkGif;
return gifFileType->SHeight;
}
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_com_aruba_gifapplication_GifHandler_updateFrame(JNIEnv *env, jobject instance, jlong ndkGif,
jobject bitmap) {
//强转代表gif图片的结构体
GifFileType *gifFileType = (GifFileType *) ndkGif;
GifBean *gifBean = (GifBean *) gifFileType->UserData;
AndroidBitmapInfo info;
//代表一幅图片的像素数组
void *pixels;
AndroidBitmap_getInfo(env, bitmap, &info);
//锁定bitmap 一幅图片--》二维 数组 ===一个二维数组
AndroidBitmap_lockPixels(env, bitmap, &pixels);
// TODO
drawFrame(gifFileType, gifBean, info, pixels);
//播放完成之后 循环到下一帧
gifBean->current_frame += 1;
LOGE("当前帧 %d ", gifBean->current_frame);
if (gifBean->current_frame >= gifBean->total_frame - 1) {
gifBean->current_frame = 0;
LOGE("重新过来 %d ", gifBean->current_frame);
}
AndroidBitmap_unlockPixels(env, bitmap);
return gifBean->dealys[gifBean->current_frame];
}
}
在CMakeLists中添加对bitmap的支持
# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
# documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html
# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)
# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
native-lib
# Sets the library as a shared library.
SHARED
# Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
native-lib.cpp
dgif_lib.c
gifalloc.c)
find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
jnigraphics-lib
# Specifies the name of the NDK library that
# you want CMake to locate.
jnigraphics)
# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.
find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
log-lib
# Specifies the name of the NDK library that
# you want CMake to locate.
log)
# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.
target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
native-lib
# Links the target library to the log library
# included in the NDK.
${log-lib}
${jnigraphics-lib})
将gif图放入工程资源文件夹
chi.gif在Activity中使用
package com.aruba.gifapplication;
import android.content.res.AssetFileDescriptor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import java.io.File;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
Bitmap bitmap;
GifHandler gifHandler;
ImageView imageView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);
}
public void ndkLoadGif(View view) {
AssetFileDescriptor assetFileDescriptor = getResources().openRawResourceFd(R.drawable.chi);
gifHandler = new GifHandler(assetFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor(), assetFileDescriptor.getStartOffset());
//得到gif width height 生成Bitmap
int width = gifHandler.getWidth();
int height = gifHandler.getHeight();
bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
int nextFrame = gifHandler.updateFrame(bitmap);
handler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(1, nextFrame);
}
Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
int mNextFrame = gifHandler.updateFrame(bitmap);
handler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(1, mNextFrame);
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}
};
}
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