Android进程间通讯(一)Binder介绍及AIDL的具体使用
Android进程间通讯(二)AIDL、Binder源码分析
AIDL没使用过的,可以先看前一篇文章Android进程间通讯(一)AIDL的具体使用,
我们在上一篇文章中提到了三个问题
1、客户端是怎么获取这个遥控器的呢?
2、这个遥控器又是怎么调用到服务端代码的呢?
3、就算把服务端app杀死了,客户端为什么还能调用到服务端的代码?
我们从客户端获取iLeoAidl对象作为入口具体到源码分析
private void bindService() {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.xx.leo_service", "com.xx.leo_service.LeoAidlService"));
bindService(intent, connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
Log.e(TAG, "onServiceConnected: success");
iLeoAidl = ILeoAidl.Stub.asInterface(service);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected: success");
iLeoAidl = null;
}
};
客户端先通过bindService方法进行绑定服务,然后在onServiceConnected连接成功的监听函数里,然后将IBinder的对象service,传入到ILeoAidl.Stub.asInterface方法里获取到 iLeoAidl对象。
所以我们有两处源码要分析
- 1、 bindService(intent, connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);是怎么进行绑定的?
- 2、ILeoAidl.Stub.asInterface(service);是怎么获取到AIDL对象的?
我们先看看客户端是怎么获取到AIDL对象的。我们点进去进入源码
public interface ILeoAidl extends android.os.IInterface {
/**
* Local-side IPC implementation stub class.
*/
public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl {
private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl";
/**
* Construct the stub at attach it to the interface.
*/
public Stub() {
this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
}
/**
* Cast an IBinder object into an com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl interface,
* generating a proxy if needed.
*/
public static com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
if ((obj == null)) {
return null;
}
android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl))) {
return ((com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl) iin);
}
return new com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}
@Override
public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
return this;
}
@Override
public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
switch (code) {
case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_addPerson: {
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
com.xx.leo_service.Person _arg0;
if ((0 != data.readInt())) {
_arg0 = com.xx.leo_service.Person.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
} else {
_arg0 = null;
}
this.addPerson(_arg0);
reply.writeNoException();
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_getPersonList: {
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
java.util.List<com.xx.leo_service.Person> _result = this.getPersonList();
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeTypedList(_result);
return true;
}
}
return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
private static class Proxy implements com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl {
private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
mRemote = remote;
}
@Override
public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
return mRemote;
}
public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
return DESCRIPTOR;
}
@Override
public void addPerson(com.xx.leo_service.Person person) throws android.os.RemoteException {
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
if ((person != null)) {
_data.writeInt(1);
person.writeToParcel(_data, 0);
} else {
_data.writeInt(0);
}
mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_addPerson, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
} finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
}
@Override
public java.util.List<com.xx.leo_service.Person> getPersonList() throws android.os.RemoteException {
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
java.util.List<com.xx.leo_service.Person> _result;
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getPersonList, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
_result = _reply.createTypedArrayList(com.xx.leo_service.Person.CREATOR);
} finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
return _result;
}
}
static final int TRANSACTION_addPerson = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
static final int TRANSACTION_getPersonList = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);
}
public void addPerson(com.xx.leo_service.Person person) throws android.os.RemoteException;
public java.util.List<com.xx.leo_service.Person> getPersonList() throws android.os.RemoteException;
}
其实ILeoAidl这个接口是系统通过我们写的aidl文件帮我们生成的模板(所以客户端和服务端的app都会有这个类)。我们先大致看下这个接口的结构
image.png
我们发现public interface ILeoAidl extends android.os.IInterface
ILeoAidl是继承自IInterface的,里面有两个内部类:Stub和Proxy。
- Stub:用来接收数据、抽象类、继承Binder并实现ILeoAidl
- Proxy:用来发送数据的、实体类、实现ILeoAidl
看到上面的结构图,我们知道:Stub是接口ILeoAidl的内部类,Proxy又是Stub的内部类,我们直接进入Stub的asInterface方法,看看客户端是怎么获取AIDL对象。
public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl {
private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl";
/**
* Construct the stub at attach it to the interface.
*/
public Stub() {
this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
}
/**
* Cast an IBinder object into an com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl interface,
* generating a proxy if needed.
*/
public static com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
if ((obj == null)) {
return null;
}
android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl))) {
return ((com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl) iin);
}
return new com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}
首先会判断,传进来的service是不是空,是空就直接返回了,然后走到obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR),我们看到DESCRIPTOR是"com.xx.leo_service.ILeoAidl"是aidl的全类名。我们再进入queryLocalInterface方法的具体实现,是在Binder的queryLocalInterface方法里
public IInterface queryLocalInterface(String descriptor) {
if (mDescriptor.equals(descriptor)) {
return mOwner;
}
return null;
}
它是比较传进来的和mDescriptor是否相等,相等的话就返回IInterface类型的 mOwner成员变量;
我们再看到stub的构造函数
public Stub() {
this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
}
public void attachInterface(IInterface owner, String descriptor) {
mOwner = owner;
mDescriptor = descriptor;
}
也就是一开始会把DESCRIPTOR赋值给mDescriptor,把this赋值给owner,那是不是一开始进来就相等了呢?其实不是相等的,因为asInterface是静态方法,是不会走构造方法的,所以通过 ILeoAidl.Stub.asInterface(service);这条路进来的,mDescriptor是空的,是没有赋值的。现在我们看我们服务端的app的代码,
image.png
是通过new Stub的,所以通过服务端进来的Binder类的成员变量mDescriptor是有值的,就是等于aidl的全类名。
所以如果我们服务端和客户端是在一个进程的话,mDescriptor是有值的,如果不是在同一进程的话是没有值的,所以这个判断obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);就是来判断客户端和服务端是否在一个进程的,如果在一个进程就直接返回全类名下的ILeoAidl,如果不是同一进程,就返回Stub里的Proxy。因为我们的例子是在不同进程的,所以通过iLeoAidl = ILeoAidl.Stub.asInterface(service);我们就拿到了Proxy对象了。所以我们就能调用Proxy对象里的方法了,那么我们客户端是在什么时候调用Proxy里的方法的呢?就是上一篇文章里讲的在点击按钮的时候
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
try {
iLeoAidl.addPerson(new Person("小三爷", 3));
List<Person> persons = iLeoAidl.getPersonList();
Log.e(TAG,persons.size()+persons.toString());
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
这时候 iLeoAidl.addPerson就调用了Proxy里的addPerson了所以,我们先看看
Proxy里的addPerson方法
@Override
public void addPerson(com.xx.leo_service.Person person) throws android.os.RemoteException {
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
if ((person != null)) {
_data.writeInt(1);
person.writeToParcel(_data, 0);
} else {
_data.writeInt(0);
}
mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_addPerson, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
} finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
}
_data 是用来存储发送到服务端的数据的;_reply是存储服务端返回的数据的,
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR)是来校验的,因为可能一个进程可能会调用多个服务(App里调用多个服务,就要生成多个AIDL,每个服务都要有一个AIDL与之对应),所以要校验下,具体是native方法,我们就不进去看了,
然后往_data 里写入数据,最后调用mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_addPerson, _data, _reply, 0);运行到这里的时候,客户端的线程会挂起,直到服务端返回数据,客户端线程才会继续运行。Stub.TRANSACTION_addPerson就是标志方法的位置的整形数值,因为我们客户端和服务端都是知道.aidl里所有方法的全类名的,这里只要标志下哪个方法在哪个位置就行了。我们点击transact方法看下
public final boolean transact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply,
int flags) throws RemoteException {
if (false) Log.v("Binder", "Transact: " + code + " to " + this);
if (data != null) {
data.setDataPosition(0);
}
boolean r = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
if (reply != null) {
reply.setDataPosition(0);
}
return r;
}
我们就来到了Binder类的transact方法,我们现在可以先理解为:调用mRemote.transact就调用Binder的transact方法,然后Binder经过一系列处理
调用到服务端aidl里的Stub的onTransact接收数据,所以我们先看服务端的onTransact方法
@Override
public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
switch (code) {
case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_addPerson: {
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
com.xx.leo_service.Person _arg0;
if ((0 != data.readInt())) {
_arg0 = com.xx.leo_service.Person.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
} else {
_arg0 = null;
}
this.addPerson(_arg0);
reply.writeNoException();
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_getPersonList: {
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
java.util.List<com.xx.leo_service.Person> _result = this.getPersonList();
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeTypedList(_result);
return true;
}
}
return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
我们看到TRANSACTION_addPerson,这个就是添加person的方法,一开始也是校验了下,然后取出data赋值给this.addPerson(_arg0);,我们知道Stub里并没有实现addPerson的地方,其实这个this.addPerson方法调用的就是服务端自己写的LeoAidlService里的addPerson方法。
image.png
那么现在,我们就完成了完整的分析了客户端到服务端的调用。
image.pngimage.png
现在我们再通过上面的流程图分析下整个流程
1、客户端调用iLeoAidl.addPerson就会跑到Proxy里面
2、Proxy就会调用mRemote.transact调用到Binder里来
3、Binder调用onTransact就会跑到服务端的Stub里
4、服务端的Stub的onTransact里调用this.addPerson就会跑到服务端自己的LeoAidlService里
分析完客户端和服务端的通信,现在进入下一个问题:bindService(intent, connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);客户端和服务端是怎么进行绑定的?
在分析这个问题之前,我们来讲下android系统里的一些服务相关的理解,比如闹钟服务和通话服务,其实我们app去访问这些服务也是跨进程的,那么系统那么多服务,Android系统是怎么管理的呢?就是ServiceManager,用来管理系统中的service的,而ServiceManager自身也是一个服务,所以我们调用闹钟这些服务的时候,会通过proxy先去调用ServiceManager,然后ServiceManager去中找到闹钟这些服务,和我们绑定,然后我们才能调用闹钟服务里的一些方法。所以我们去找ServiceManager也是通过AIDL的,所以分析下面的源码的时候要结合前面的AIDL流程一起分析。
现在我们正式进入绑定流程的分析我们点进bindService方法
@Override
public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
int flags) {
return mBase.bindService(service, conn, flags);
}
来到ContextWrapper的bindService方法,方法里实际是调用了Context的bindService,我们知道Context是个abstract类,我们都知道实现是在ContextImpl里。所以我们看到ContextImpl这里的bindService方法
@Override
public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
int flags) {
warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
return bindServiceCommon(service, conn, flags, Process.myUserHandle());
}
我们看到是跑到bindServiceCommon里
private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags,
UserHandle user) {
IServiceConnection sd;
if (conn == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("connection is null");
}
if (mPackageInfo != null) {
sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(),
mMainThread.getHandler(), flags);
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Not supported in system context");
}
validateServiceIntent(service);
try {
IBinder token = getActivityToken();
if (token == null && (flags&BIND_AUTO_CREATE) == 0 && mPackageInfo != null
&& mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion
< android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
flags |= BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY;
}
service.prepareToLeaveProcess();
int res = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService(
mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service,
service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()),
sd, flags, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
if (res < 0) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Not allowed to bind to service " + service);
}
return res != 0;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
}
}
我们看到这样一段代码 int res =ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService
我看进到getDefault方法,
static public IActivityManager getDefault() {
return gDefault.get();
}
我们看到是返回一个IActivityManager,我们点进IActivityManager,看到ActivityManager是继承自IInterface的。之前分析流程的时候android系统给我们生成的aidl文件ILeoAidl也是继承自IInterface的。所以我们得出。通过aidl去找ServiceManager的时候
IActivityManager类比ILeoAidl
我们知道ILeoAidl接口里是有stub和proxy内部类的,这里我们并没有看到啊,所以我们还是回到getDefault里,我们看看getDefault
private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> getDefault = new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
protected IActivityManager create() {
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService("activity");
if (false) {
Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service binder = " + b);
}
IActivityManager am = asInterface(b);
if (false) {
Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service = " + am);
}
return am;
}
};
我们是不是看到一段熟悉的代码啊IActivityManager am = asInterface(b);我们之前是不是通过ILeoAidl.Stub.asInterface(service);获取到Proxy对象的,所以这里的IActivityManager am 我们可以类比成Proxy实例对象,getDefault最终就是返会am的,而且asInterface是Stub里的方法,所以我们再点进去看看
public abstract class ActivityManagerNative extends Binder implements IActivityManager
{
/**
* Cast a Binder object into an activity manager interface, generating
* a proxy if needed.
*/
static public IActivityManager asInterface(IBinder obj) {
if (obj == null) {
return null;
}
IActivityManager in =
(IActivityManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
if (in != null) {
return in;
}
return new ActivityManagerProxy(obj);
}
我们看ActivityManagerNative是不是很像Stub,继承自Binder,实现AIDL接口
ActivityManagerNative类比Stub
我们看到最后一句, return new ActivityManagerProxy(obj);
所以我们看到ActivityManagerNative的结构图
image.png
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
{
public ActivityManagerProxy(IBinder remote)
{
mRemote = remote;
}
ActivityManagerProxy实现了IActivityManager,也就是实现了aidl接口
ActivityManagerProxy类比Proxy
所以我们再回到int res = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService这段代码,因为ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().是返回Proxy的实例对象的,所以我们找找ActivityManagerProxy里的bindService方法
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token,
Intent service, String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection,
int flags, String callingPackage, int userId) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
data.writeStrongBinder(token);
service.writeToParcel(data, 0);
data.writeString(resolvedType);
data.writeStrongBinder(connection.asBinder());
data.writeInt(flags);
data.writeString(callingPackage);
data.writeInt(userId);
mRemote.transact(BIND_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
int res = reply.readInt();
data.recycle();
reply.recycle();
return res;
}
这个bindService方法是不是和我们之前的addPerson方法很像啊?
开始先获取data和reply,然后往data里塞数据,再校验descriptor,然后调用 mRemote.transact(BIND_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
方法,就跑到服务端Stub里的onTransact方法里去了,所以我们找到ActivityManagerNative的onTransact方法的BIND_SERVICE_TRANSACTION的case条件
case BIND_SERVICE_TRANSACTION: {
data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
IBinder b = data.readStrongBinder();
IApplicationThread app = ApplicationThreadNative.asInterface(b);
IBinder token = data.readStrongBinder();
Intent service = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
String resolvedType = data.readString();
b = data.readStrongBinder();
int fl = data.readInt();
String callingPackage = data.readString();
int userId = data.readInt();
IServiceConnection conn = IServiceConnection.Stub.asInterface(b);
int res = bindService(app, token, service, resolvedType, conn, fl,
callingPackage, userId);
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(res);
return true;
}
这里我们看到 int res = bindService(app, token, service, resolvedType, conn, fl,callingPackage, userId);这一段,我们之前知道在stub的onTransact调用的是就是真正的service,就像我们之前调用LeoAidlService里真正的addPerson方法一样,而Android系统的核心服务就是AMS(ActivityManagerService),所以这里的bindService方法实际就是调用AMS里的bindService,源码分析到这里,就相当于前面说的,我们通过ServiceManager,帮助我们找到了闹钟服务,而我们实际例子里是LeoAidlService,所以我们要找的服务找到了,接下来就是要分析怎么和这个服务通信了。
所以接下来我们要分四种状态去分析这个服务:
- 1、app(进程)没启动
- 2、app(进程)启动了,服务没创建
- 3、app(进程)启动了,服务创建了,服务没绑定
- 3、app(进程)启动了,服务创建了,服务已经被绑定了
ActivityManagerService类比LeoAidlService
因为真正的服务是在AMS里,所以我们看到AMS里的bindService
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags, String callingPackage,
int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("bindService");
// Refuse possible leaked file descriptors
if (service != null && service.hasFileDescriptors() == true) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");
}
if (callingPackage == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("callingPackage cannot be null");
}
synchronized(this) {
return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service,
resolvedType, connection, flags, callingPackage, userId);
}
}
我们再进入ActiveServices#bindServiceLocked
int bindServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags,
String callingPackage, int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
.......
bringUpServiceLocked(s, service.getFlags(), callerFg, false)
.....
requestServiceBindingLocked(s, b.intent, callerFg, false);
......
}
因为bindServiceLocked方法里面的内容太多了,我们直接抽出其中最核心的两个方法bringUpServiceLocked和requestServiceBindingLocked来讲,
我们先看bringUpServiceLocked方法
private final String bringUpServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, int intentFlags, boolean execInFg,
boolean whileRestarting) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
......
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
try {
app.addPackage(r.appInfo.packageName, r.appInfo.versionCode, mAm.mProcessStats);
realStartServiceLocked(r, app, execInFg);
return null;
} catch (TransactionTooLargeException e) {
throw e;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting service " + r.shortName, e);
}
// If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to
// restart the application.
}
......
if (app == null) {
if ((app=mAm.startProcessLocked(procName, r.appInfo, true, intentFlags,
"service", r.name, false, isolated, false)) == null) {
String msg = "Unable to launch app "
+ r.appInfo.packageName + "/"
+ r.appInfo.uid + " for service "
+ r.intent.getIntent() + ": process is bad";
Slog.w(TAG, msg);
bringDownServiceLocked(r);
return msg;
}
if (isolated) {
r.isolatedProc = app;
}
}
......
}
我们看到这里有两种情况:1、一种是app==null:app没启动。2、一种是 if (app != null && app.thread != null) {这个判断的意思就是app已经启动了。
ActiveServices#bringUpServiceLocked(app启动与否)
1、app已经启动的情况,
然后会调用ActiveServices#realStartServiceLocked方法。
private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,
ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException {
......
app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),
app.repProcState);
.....
}
我们只看主要方法 app.thread.scheduleCreateService,那么app.thread是什么呢?我们看入参 ProcessRecord app,我们知道我们启动一个app就会创建一个进程,那么这个创建的进程就保存在ProcessRecord里。而app.thread就是IApplicationThread thread;
image.png
其实就是ApplicationThread,所以我们直接进入ActivityThread#ApplicationThread中去找scheduleCreateService方法,
public final void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token,
ServiceInfo info, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) {
updateProcessState(processState, false);
CreateServiceData s = new CreateServiceData();
s.token = token;
s.info = info;
s.compatInfo = compatInfo;
sendMessage(H.CREATE_SERVICE, s);
}
我们看到 sendMessage(H.CREATE_SERVICE, s);所以我们直接根据CREATE_SERVICE去找handle处理消息的地方handleMessage
case CREATE_SERVICE:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceCreate");
handleCreateService((CreateServiceData)msg.obj);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
再进入handleCreateService方法
private void handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data) {
// If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
// we are back active so skip it.
unscheduleGcIdler();
LoadedApk packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
data.info.applicationInfo, data.compatInfo);
Service service = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader();
service = (Service) cl.loadClass(data.info.name).newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(service, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate service " + data.info.name
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
try {
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Creating service " + data.info.name);
ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, packageInfo);
context.setOuterContext(service);
Application app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
service.attach(context, this, data.info.name, data.token, app,
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault());
service.onCreate();
mServices.put(data.token, service);
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(
data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// nothing to do.
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(service, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to create service " + data.info.name
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
}
这里就是创建真正服务的地方,也就是创建我们LeoAidlService的地方,
看到这两行代码java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader(); service = (Service) cl.loadClass(data.info.name).newInstance();所以其实真正就是通过获取应用的一些信息,然后通过反射和类加载器去创建的,然后调用service.onCreate()启动这个service,最后把这个服务放进mServices数组里。这个service其实就是我们之前说的LeoAidlService,因为是通过反射创建的服务,所以就算把服务端app杀死了,客户端还是能调用到服务端的代码。
分析完app已经启动的情况,现在继续分析
2、app还没启动的情况
我们进入ActiveServices#startProcessLocked方法
private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, String hostingType,
String hostingNameStr, String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs) {
if (entryPoint == null) entryPoint = "android.app.ActivityThread";
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "Start proc: " +
app.processName);
checkTime(startTime, "startProcess: asking zygote to start proc");
Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = Process.start(entryPoint,
app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
app.info.targetSdkVersion, app.info.seinfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet,
app.info.dataDir, entryPointArgs);
}
我们直接看主要代码,它把"android.app.ActivityThread"传进去通过Process.start直接创建了进程。也就是app没启动,他会给你创建这app的进程。到这里app也启动了,LeoAidlService服务也创建了,接下来就是分析LeoAidlService怎么和客户端绑定了。
所以我们再看到requestServiceBindingLocked方法
ActiveServices#requestServiceBindingLocked(情况2,3)
private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r, IntentBindRecord i,
boolean execInFg, boolean rebind) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
if (r.app == null || r.app.thread == null) {
// If service is not currently running, can't yet bind.
return false;
}
if ((!i.requested || rebind) && i.apps.size() > 0) {
try {
bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "bind");
r.app.forceProcessStateUpTo(ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE);
r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind,
r.app.repProcState);
if (!rebind) {
i.requested = true;
}
i.hasBound = true;
i.doRebind = false;
} catch (TransactionTooLargeException e) {
// Keep the executeNesting count accurate.
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Crashed while binding " + r, e);
final boolean inDestroying = mDestroyingServices.contains(r);
serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, inDestroying, inDestroying);
throw e;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Crashed while binding " + r);
// Keep the executeNesting count accurate.
final boolean inDestroying = mDestroyingServices.contains(r);
serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, inDestroying, inDestroying);
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
我们看到r.app.thread.scheduleBindService,前面分析app启动与否是调用
scheduleCreateService,我们这里绑定服务是调用scheduleBindService,所以我们也是进入ActivityThread找scheduleBindService方法,中间流程和创建服务时是一样的,我们直接到处理消息的地方,
case BIND_SERVICE:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceBind");
handleBindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
再进入handleBindService方法
private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {
Service s = mServices.get(data.token);
if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
Slog.v(TAG, "handleBindService s=" + s + " rebind=" + data.rebind);
if (s != null) {
try {
data.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());
data.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
try {
if (!data.rebind) {
IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService(
data.token, data.intent, binder);
} else {
s.onRebind(data.intent);
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(
data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
}
ensureJitEnabled();
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(s, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to bind to service " + s
+ " with " + data.intent + ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
}
}
这里就是真正绑定服务的地方,一开始我们就从之前创建服务存的mServices数组里去拿我们的服务,我们再看 IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);
这一句代码返回一个IBinder对象,其实就是LeoAidlService的onBind方法。
image.png
我们再看到这一句ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService(data.token, data.intent, binder);这里就把刚刚创建的IBinder对象传进来了,前面我们分析过了ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()就是类比于Proxy,所以我们去ActivityManagerProxy里找publishService方法,这个流程和我们之前找bindService方法是一个道理,也就是调用AMS里的publishService
public void publishService(IBinder token, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
// Refuse possible leaked file descriptors
if (intent != null && intent.hasFileDescriptors() == true) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");
}
synchronized(this) {
if (!(token instanceof ServiceRecord)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid service token");
}
mServices.publishServiceLocked((ServiceRecord)token, intent, service);
}
}
然后进入publishServiceLocked就到了ActiveServices#publishServiceLocked方法
void publishServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "PUBLISHING " + r
+ " " + intent + ": " + service);
if (r != null) {
Intent.FilterComparison filter
= new Intent.FilterComparison(intent);
IntentBindRecord b = r.bindings.get(filter);
if (b != null && !b.received) {
b.binder = service;
b.requested = true;
b.received = true;
for (int conni=r.connections.size()-1; conni>=0; conni--) {
ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = r.connections.valueAt(conni);
for (int i=0; i<clist.size(); i++) {
ConnectionRecord c = clist.get(i);
if (!filter.equals(c.binding.intent.intent)) {
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
TAG_SERVICE, "Not publishing to: " + c);
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
TAG_SERVICE, "Bound intent: " + c.binding.intent.intent);
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(
TAG_SERVICE, "Published intent: " + intent);
continue;
}
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Publishing to: " + c);
try {
c.conn.connected(r.name, service);
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Failure sending service " + r.name +
" to connection " + c.conn.asBinder() +
" (in " + c.binding.client.processName + ")", e);
}
}
}
}
serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, mDestroyingServices.contains(r), false);
}
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
}
里面这样一段代码 c.conn.connected(r.name, service);这句话最终会调用到客户端的onServiceConnected(或者onServiceDisconnected)这个代码,并把IBinder对象返回到客户端。
image.png
传递的参数也是IBinder和name,到这里在客户端的onServiceConnected里就拿到了服务端传递过来的IBinder对象了,完成了LeoAidlService和客户端的绑定。
image.png
我们看到了前面 IServiceConnection sd;和ServiceConnection conn,所以这个sd是不是就是前面我们要找的IServiceConnection conn,所以我们是不是就要看sd到底是怎么获得的?,就能找到c.conn.connected
的具体实现了,我们看到 sd = getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), mMainThread.getHandler(), flags);这句是不是就是把conn和sd关联起来了,我们进入 sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), mMainThread.getHandler(), flags);看看到底怎么关联的
public final IServiceConnection getServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection c,
Context context, Handler handler, int flags) {
synchronized (mServices) {
LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = null;
ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> map = mServices.get(context);
if (map != null) {
sd = map.get(c);
}
if (sd == null) {
sd = new ServiceDispatcher(c, context, handler, flags);
if (map == null) {
map = new ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>();
mServices.put(context, map);
}
map.put(c, sd);
} else {
sd.validate(context, handler);
}
return sd.getIServiceConnection();
}
}
看到最后一句 return sd.getIServiceConnection();,我们再进入getIServiceConnection方法看看,
IServiceConnection getIServiceConnection() {
return mIServiceConnection;
}
我们发现getIServiceConnection方法返回mIServiceConnection对象,我们看看mIServiceConnection对象到底是什么?
static final class ServiceDispatcher {
private final ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection mIServiceConnection;
再进入ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection
private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {
final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;
InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {
mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);
}
public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) throws RemoteException {
LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();
if (sd != null) {
sd.connected(name, service);
}
}
}
我们是不是发现了 sd.connected(name, service);是不是就是前面的c.conn.connected了。因为绑定服务的流程是在客户端的,c.conn.connected就通过这一句代码调到了客户端的 sd.connected(name, service);,我们再进入connected看看,最终在doConnected方法里
public void doConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
// If there was an old service, it is not disconnected.
if (old != null) {
mConnection.onServiceDisconnected(name);
}
// If there is a new service, it is now connected.
if (service != null) {
mConnection.onServiceConnected(name, service);
}
}
image.png
所以在服务端调用c.conn.connected这句代码的时候,会调用到客户端的onServiceConnected(成功)和onServiceDisconnected(失败),我们现在整个流程是不是都通了。
到这里我们把android系统的AIDL整个机制就分析完整了。最后,给出我们从我们自己的例子,分析到系统的aidl的类比图,你们你们看到这些系统类,就要想到AIDL的流程,这样看起源码来就很容易懂了。
image.png文末分析一篇比较好理解的文章,看完可以巩固理解
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