Between the late 1800s and early 1900s, various institutional structures emerged that set researchers in scientific fields apart as a professional class and moderated disputes by sanctioning/endorsing some kinds of knowledge as real science.
从19世纪末到20世纪初，出现了各种制度结构，通过批准/认可某些知识作为真正的科学，使科学领域的研究人员成为一个专业阶级和缓和争端。
*moderated disputes就是一个简单的动名词搭配
As cheaper imports drove most California potteries out of business during the 1950s, one company (i)flourished. The substantial size and weight of the specialized products produced by Architectural Pottery helped (ii)insulate the company, because it was uneconomical for foreign companies to ship similarly large objects to California.
*insulate表示隔绝危险
Caricature can be revealing as well as amusing, and Ager’s novel is both: Ager’s delineation of class, ethnic, and generational struggle is exaggerated for comical effect, but it resonates/rings true nonetheless.
漫画既有启发性又有趣，而阿格的小说既有：Ager对阶级，种族和世代斗争的描述夸大了滑稽效果，但它仍然引起共鸣/鼓舞。
Although the claim that no one knows what dark matter is remains sounded/unassailable, some scientists dispute the parallel assertion that dark matter has not been detected.
*parallel，说明前后主题取同
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