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django 练习,分页,form 表单验证

django 练习,分页,form 表单验证

作者: 两分与桥 | 来源:发表于2018-05-18 16:37 被阅读491次

    django 写的一个在网页上对学生信息进行操作,用到了ajax,jquery操作表格等,还有 bootstrap,和 font-awesome(图标),这些框架写好了各种各样的网页元素,用起来十分的方便,
    下面是效果图,


    #models.py 文件 的建表信息
    from django.db import models
    
    # Create your models here.
    
    class Classes(models.Model):
        title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
        m = models.ManyToManyField("Teacher")
    
    class Teacher(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    
    class Student(models.Model):
        username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
        age = models.IntegerField()
        gender = models.NullBooleanField()
        cs = models.ForeignKey("Classes",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    
    

    路由分发文件,

    # urls.py 路由文件
    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path
    from app01 import views
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        path("students.html/", views.students),
        path("add_student/", views.add_student),
        path("del_students/", views.del_students),
        path("edit_student/", views.edit_student),
    
    ]
    
    

    这个是视图函数文件,处理URL分发的事件

    # views.py 文件
    from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
    from app01 import models
    import json
    # Create your views here.
    
    def students(request):
        all_students = models.Student.objects.all()
        all_classes = models.Classes.objects.all()
        return render(request, "students.html",{
            "all_students": all_students,
            "all_classes": all_classes,
        })
    
    def add_student(request):
        response = {'status':True,"message":None,"nid":None}
        try:
            username = request.POST.get("username")
            age = request.POST.get("age")
            gender = request.POST.get("gender")
            cls_id = request.POST.get("cls_id")
            print(username,age,gender,cls_id)
            obj = models.Student.objects.create(
                username=username,
                age=age,
                gender=gender,
                cs_id=cls_id,
            )
            response["nid"] = obj.id
        except Exception as e:
            response["status"] = False
            response["message"] = "用户输入错误"
        import json
        response_json = json.dumps(response)
        return HttpResponse(response_json)
    
    def del_students(request):
        if request.method == "POST":
            response = {"status":True}
            try:
                nid = request.POST.get("nid")
                models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
            except Exception as e:
                response["status"] = False
            response_ret = json.dumps(response)
            return HttpResponse(response_ret)
    
    def edit_student(request):
        response = {'code':1000, 'message': None}
        if request.method == "POST":
            try:
                nid = request.POST.get("nid")
                username = request.POST.get("username")
                age = request.POST.get("age")
                gender = request.POST.get("gender")
                cs_id = request.POST.get("cls_id")
                print(nid,username,age,gender,cs_id)
                models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(
                    username=username,
                    age=age,
                    gender=gender,
                    cs_id=cs_id,
                )
            except Exception as e:
                response["code"] = 1001
                response["message"] = str(e)
    
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response))
    
    

    下面这个是主文件了,就只有一个html文件,主要通信都是用ajax

    # 这个是 student.html 文件
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.css">
        <style>
            .aa {
                font-size: 20px;
                margin-right: 20px;
            }
    
            .mybtn {
                width: 80px;
                font-size: 20px;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body class="container">
    <a class="btn btn-success mybtn" id="myadd">添加</a>
    <table class="table table-hover">
        <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>ID</th>
            <th>姓名</th>
            <th>年龄</th>
            <th>性别</th>
            <th>班级</th>
            <th>操作</th>
        </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody id="tb">
        {% for foo in all_students %}
            <tr nid="{{ foo.id }}">
                <td na="nid">{{ foo.id }}</td>
                <td na="username">{{ foo.username }}</td>
                <td na="age">{{ foo.age }}</td>
                {% if foo.gender %}
                    <td na="gender">男</td>
                {% else %}
                    <td na="gender">女</td>
                {% endif %}
    
                <td na="cs_id" cls_id="{{ foo.cs.id }}">{{ foo.cs.title }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a class="aa glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></a>
                    <a class="fa fa-spoon fa-2x edit-row" aria-hidden="true"></a>
                </td>
            </tr>
        {% endfor %}
        </tbody>
    </table>
    
    
    <!-- Moda 添加框 -->
    <div class="modal fade" id="addModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
        <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
            <div class="modal-content">
                <div class="modal-header">
                    <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
                    </button>
                    <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">创建学生</h4>
                </div>
                <div class="modal-body">
                    <form class="form-horizontal">
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" placeholder="姓名" name="username">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="age" placeholder="年龄" name="age">
                            </div>
                        </div>
    
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">性别</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <div class="radio">
                                    <label>
                                        <input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
                                        男
                                    </label>
                                </div>
                                <div class="radio">
                                    <label>
                                        <input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
                                        女
                                    </label>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <select class="form-control" name="cls_id" id="sele">
                                    {% for foo in all_classes %}
                                        <option value="{{ foo.id }}">{{ foo.title }}</option>
                                    {% endfor %}
                                </select>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </form>
    
    
                </div>
                <div class="modal-footer">
                    <span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="save">保存</button>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    <!-- Modal 删除框-->
    <div class="modal fade" id="delModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
        <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
            <div class="modal-content">
                <div class="modal-header">
                    <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
                    </button>
                    <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">是否删除学生信息?</h4>
                </div>
                <div class="modal-body">
                    <form class="form-horizontal">
                        <h3>=========<input type="hidden" id="nid"></h3>
                    </form>
                </div>
                <div class="modal-footer">
                    <span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-info" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" id="delComfirm">确定</button>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    <!-- Modal 编辑框-->
    <div class="modal fade" id="editModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
        <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
            <div class="modal-content">
                <div class="modal-header">
                    <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
                    </button>
                    <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">编辑学生信息</h4>
                </div>
                <div class="modal-body">
                    <form class="form-horizontal">
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="hidden" name="nid">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="姓名" name="username">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="年龄" name="age">
                            </div>
                        </div>
    
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">性别</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <div class="radio">
                                    <label>
                                        <input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
                                        男
                                    </label>
                                </div>
                                <div class="radio">
                                    <label>
                                        <input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
                                        女
                                    </label>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <select class="form-control" name="cls_id" id="sele">
                                    {% for foo in all_classes %}
                                        <option value="{{ foo.id }}">{{ foo.title }}</option>
                                    {% endfor %}
                                </select>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </form>
    
    
                </div>
                <div class="modal-footer">
                    <span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary editConfirm" id="save">保存</button>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    
    
    <script src="/static/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/static/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
    
    <script>
        $(function () { //当页面加载完成后给按钮绑定事件
            bindEvent();
            getData();
            delEvent();
            delConfirm();
            editEvent();
            editConfirm();
        });
    
        function delConfirm() { //删除确定按钮,确定删除就只需要把对应的id发送到后台就行了
            $("#delComfirm").click(function () { // 给删除框的确定按钮绑定事件,
                nid = $("#nid").val();
                console.log(nid);
                $.ajax({
                    url: "/del_students/",
                    type: "POST",
                    data: {"nid":nid},
                    success:function (arg) {
                        ret = JSON.parse(arg);  // server 发过来的就是json字符串
                        if(ret.status){
                            $('tr[nid="'+nid+'"]').remove(); // 不刷新页面用js移除删除的tr
                            $("#delModal").modal("hide");
                        }else{
                            alert("删除失败")
                        }
                    }
                })
            })
        }
    
        function bindEvent() {
            $("#myadd").click(function () {
                $("#addModal").modal("show"); // 给页面上的添加按钮绑定事件,为显示添加框
            })
        }
    
        function getData() { // 获取输入框的值,并用ajax发送到后台
            var postData = {};
            $("#save").click(function () {
                $("#addModal").find("input,select").each(function () { //找到所有的input ,select框
                    var n = $(this).attr("name");
                    if(n == "gender"){ // gender 的 radio 单选框要处理一下,而select不必处理,会直接取到选定的值
                        if($(this).prop("checked")){ //选中的为 true
                            var v = $(this).val();
                            postData[n] = v;
                        }
                    }else{
                        var v = $(this).val();
                        postData[n] = v;
                    }
                });
                console.log(postData); // 所有的数据都在字典内了,
    
                $.ajax({
                    url: "/add_student/",
                    type: "POST",
                    data: postData,
                    success:function (arg) {
                        message = JSON.parse(arg);
                        console.log(message);
                        if(message["status"]){
                            // window.location.reload(); // 刷新页面
                            create_table(postData,message["nid"]); // 不刷新页面就要自己用js建一个个td拼成一个tr,添加到table
                            $("#addModal").modal("hide"); // 添加完毕就让添加框消失,
                        }else{
                            $("#error").html(message["message"]) //出错就会有提示信息出现在按钮旁边,看图片
                        }
                    }
                })
            });
        }
    
        function create_table(postData, nid) { // 创建一个一个标签,拼接起来
            var tr_ele = document.createElement("tr");
            $(tr_ele).attr('nid',nid);
    
            var td_id = document.createElement("td");
            td_id.innerHTML = nid;
            $(tr_ele).append(td_id);
    
            var td_user = document.createElement("td");
            td_user.innerHTML = postData["username"];
            $(tr_ele).append(td_user);
    
            var td_age = document.createElement("td");
            td_age.innerHTML = postData["age"];
            $(tr_ele).append(td_age);
    
            var td_gender = document.createElement("td");
            if(postData["gender"]==0) {
                var gend = "女";
            }else{
                var gend = "男"
            }
            td_gender.innerHTML = gend;
            $(tr_ele).append(td_gender);
    
            var td_cls_id = document.createElement("td");
            title = $("#sele").find('option[value="'+postData["cls_id"]+'"]').text();
            td_cls_id.innerHTML = title;
            $(tr_ele).append(td_cls_id);
    
            // 那两个a标签,也就是删除按钮和编辑按钮用字符串的话就相对来说方便一些
            var a_td = '<td><a class="aa glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></a><a class="fa fa-spoon fa-2x" aria-hidden="true"></a> </td>';
            $(tr_ele).append(a_td);
    
            $("#tb").append(tr_ele);
        }
        
        function delEvent() { // 为删除按钮绑定事件
            $("#tb").on('click','.aa',function () {
                $("#delModal").modal("show");
                var nid = $(this).parent().parent().attr("nid"); // 删除一个记录就必须要用到id了,
                $("#nid").val(nid); // 把获取的的id赋值到删除提示框的一个隐藏input中,待到按下确认删除按钮时发送
            })
        }
    
    
        function editEvent() {  // 绑定编辑按钮的点击事件
            $("#tb").on("click",".edit-row",function () { // 动态绑定事件,我们必须考虑到动态添加的标签一般绑定下
                $("#editModal").modal("show");            // 是不会有事件的,就要用到动态绑定,也就是在按下按钮时绑定事件并触发
                $(this).parent().siblings().each(function () { // 编辑的话就要获取table上某一行的数据了
                    var v = $(this).text();
                    var n = $(this).attr("na"); // 把相对应的键值赋给na(随意的名称),直接取出来对应就行了
                    if(n=="cs_id"){             // 这样的话之后添加和删除某个选项就不必痛苦了。。。
                        var cid = $(this).attr("cls_id");
                        $("#editModal select[name='cls_id']").val(cid)
                    }else if(n=='gender'){
                        if(v=="男"){
                            $("#editModal :radio[value='1']").prop('checked',true);  // 选中 radio 的某一个
                        }else{
                            $("#editModal :radio[value='0']").prop('checked',true);
                        }
                    }
                    else{
                        $("#editModal input[name='"+n+"']").val(v);
                    }
                });
            })
        }
        
        function editConfirm() { // 编辑跟添加类似,
            var postData = {};
            $(".editConfirm").click(function () {
                $("#editModal").find("input,select").each(function () {
                    var n = $(this).attr("name");
                    var v = $(this).val();
                    if(n=="gender"){
                        if($(this).prop("checked")){
                            postData[n] = v;
                        }
                    }else{
                    postData[n] = v;
                    }
                });
                console.log(postData);
    
                $.ajax({
                    url: "/edit_student/",
                    type: "POST",
                    data: postData,
                    success:function (arg) {
                        ret = JSON.parse(arg);
                        if(ret["code"]==1000){ // ret['code'] 等于 1000 就是为true了
                            window.location.reload();
                            $("#editModal").modal("hide"); // 这里就不用js删除了,直接刷新页面
                        }else{
                            alert(ret['message'])
                        }
                    }
                })
            })
        }
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    


    添加按钮提示框,当用户输入有问题时就会提示 ’ 用户输入错误 ‘ ,


    下面这个是编辑框,点击打开某个学生时会默认选中,



    整个总体来说写的还是存在一个bug,例如在添加学生信息时,页面上是用 js 创建tr表格的,各种属性没有添加上去,
    页面信息有时候用js添加比较好,不用刷新整个页面,而有时候是页面整个刷新为好,看各种情况了。
    下面是总结呵,
    1. 
        Python序列化
            字符串 = json.dumps(对象)    对象->字符串
            对象 = json.loads(字符串)    字符串->对象
            
        JavaScript:
            字符串 = JSON.stringify(对象) 对象->字符串
            对象 = JSON.parse(字符串)     字符串->对象
            
        应用场景:
            数据传输时,
                发送:字符串
                接收:字符串 -> 对象
    2. ajax
    
        $.ajax({
            url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
            type: 'GET',
            data: {'k1':'v1'},
            success:function(arg){
                // arg是字符串类型
                // var obj = JSON.parse(arg)
            }
        })
        
        
        $.ajax({
            url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
            type: 'GET',
            data: {'k1':'v1'},
            dataType: 'JSON',
            success:function(arg){
                // arg是对象
            }
        })
        
        
        $.ajax({
            url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
            type: 'GET',
            data: {'k1':[1,2,3,4]},
            dataType: 'JSON',
            success:function(arg){
                // arg是对象
            }
        })
        
        发送数据时:
            data中的v
            
            a. 只是字符串或数字
                $.ajax({
                    url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
                    type: 'GET',
                    data: {'k1':'v1'},
                    dataType: 'JSON',
                    success:function(arg){
                        // arg是对象
                    }
                })
            b. 包含属组
                $.ajax({
                    url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
                    type: 'GET',
                    data: {'k1':[1,2,3,4]},
                    dataType: 'JSON',
                    traditional: true, //// 要加这一句
                    success:function(arg){
                        // arg是对象
                    }
                })
                
            c. 传字典,或者将其转换成字符串
            
                b. 包含属组
                $.ajax({
                    url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
                    type: 'GET',
                    data: {'k1': JSON.stringify({}) },
                    dataType: 'JSON',
                    success:function(arg){
                        // arg是对象
                    }
                })
                
        
        
    3. 事件委托
    
        $('要绑定标签的上级标签').on('click','要绑定的标签',function(){})
    
        $('要绑定标签的上级标签').delegate('要绑定的标签','click',function(){})
    
    4. 编辑
        
    
    5. 总结
    
            新URL方式: //也就是跳转到新页面的方式
                - 独立的页面
                - 数据量大或条目多
                
            对话框方式:
                - 数据量小或条目少
                    -增加,编辑
                        - Ajax: 考虑,当前页;td中自定义属性
                        - 页面(***)
                    
            删除:
                对话框
    
    

    这个就到这里了。路漫漫其修远兮

    django 分页

    补充:
    写一个对页面分页的类,django的内置分页太丑了

    # tests.py 文件,建立自定制的类
    class couPaginator(object):
        def __init__(self,totalCount,CurrentPage,perPageItemNum=30,maxPageNum=8):
            # 数据总个数
            self.total_count = totalCount
            # 当前页
            self.current_page = CurrentPage
            # 每页最多显示的条数
            self.per_page_item_num = perPageItemNum
            # 最多显示页面
            self.max_page_num = maxPageNum
    
            self.check()
    
        def check(self): # 检查数据,
            try:
                self.total_count = int(self.total_count)
                self.current_page = int(self.current_page)
                if self.current_page > self.num_pages: # 如果当前页大于最大页数
                    self.current_page=self.num_pages
                if self.current_page <= 1: # 如果当前页小于等于1
                    self.current_page=1
            except Exception as e:
                pass
        @property # 装饰器,可以使得函数不加 () 直接调用
        def num_pages(self):
            a,b=divmod(self.total_count,self.per_page_item_num) # 总数目/每页显示数据,返回整除和余数
            if b==0:
                return a
            else:
                return a+1 
        def start(self): # 返回 开始
            return (self.current_page-1)*self.per_page_item_num
        def end(self): # 返回结束
            return self.current_page*self.per_page_item_num
    
        @property
        def pager_num_range(self): # 这个是分页函数,也就是页面下面的一排跳转页面
            if self.num_pages <= self.max_page_num:
                return range(1,self.num_pages+1)
            if self.current_page <= self.max_page_num/2:
                return range(1,self.max_page_num+1)
            part = int(self.max_page_num/2)
            if self.current_page+part>=self.num_pages+1:
                return range(self.num_pages-self.max_page_num+1,self.num_pages+1)
            return range(self.current_page-part,self.current_page+part)
        
        def page_str(self): # 对上面的分页函数转成html,可以直接在模版渲染出来,不用再做另外的转换
            test_list=[]
            if self.current_page==1:
                prev = "<li><a href='#'>上一页</a></li>"
            else:
                prev = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>上一页</a></li>" %(self.current_page-1)
            if self.current_page==self.max_page_num:
                next = "<li><a href='#'>下一页</a></li>"
            else:
                next = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>下一页</a></li>" %(self.current_page+1)
            test_list.append(prev)
            test_list.append(next)
            for i in self.pager_num_range:
                if i == self.current_page:
                    temp = "<li class='active'><a href='/index2?p=%s'>%s</a></li>" %(i,i)
                else:
                    temp = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>%s</a></li>" %(i,i)
                test_list.append(temp)
            first = "<li><a href='/index2?p=1'>首页</a></li>"
            last = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>尾页</a></li>" %(self.num_pages)
            test_list.append(first)
            test_list.append(last)
            return ' '.join(test_list)
    
    

    模版文件

    # index2.html 文件
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
    </head>
    <body>
        {% for foo in data %}
            <p>{{ foo.name }} - {{ foo.age }}</p>
        {% endfor %}
    
    
        <ul class="pagination">
            {{ test.page_str|safe }}
          </ul>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    

    视图函数

    # 视图函数,views.py 文件
    test_list = []  # 创建数据
    for i in range(999):
        temp = {'name':'root'+str(i),'age':i}
        test_list.append(temp)
    
    def index2(request):
        p = request.GET.get("p")
        from app01.tests import couPaginator
        test = couPaginator(999,p,perPageItemNum=10)
        return render(request,"index2.html",{
            "data":test_list[test.start():test.end()],
            "test":test,
        })
    
    

    不要忘记在 urls.py 文件中添加路由导航,还有要在静态文件下添加bootstrap 文件,静态文件目录也需要配置

    2.分页组件
        - Django内置分页
            - Paginator、 Page   
            - 页面:include
        
        - 扩展Django的内置分页
            - CustomPaginator(Paginator)
        传入:
            - 所有数据 
            - 当前页
            - 每页显示30条
            - 最多页面7个
        
        - 自定义分页
        传入:
            - 所有数据的个数
            - 当前页
            - 每页显示30条
            - 最多页面7个
    
    

    form 表单验证,基本

    调用 django 内置的 Form 组件,对前端的输入进行验证和返回错误提示信息,

    # views.py 文件下的
    from django import forms
    from django.forms import fields
    class F1form(forms.Form):
        user = fields.CharField(
            max_length=18, # 最长
            min_length=6, # 最短
            required=True, # 限制不能为空
            error_messages={  # 自定制返回到前端的错误提示信息
                "required": "用户名不能为空",
                "max_length": "用户名太长",
                "min_length": "用户名太短",
            }
        )
        pwd = fields.CharField(
            min_length=32,
            required=True,
            error_messages={
                "min_length": "最短32个字符",
                "required": "密码不能为空",
            }
        )
        age = fields.IntegerField(
            required=True,
            error_messages={
                "required": "年龄不能为空",
                "invalid": "必须为数字",
            }
        )
        email = fields.EmailField(
            required=True,
            error_messages={
                "required": "邮箱不能为空",
                "invalid": "邮箱格式错误",
            }
        )
    
    
    def fm(request):
        if request.method == "GET":
            return render(request,"fm.html")
        if request.method == "POST":
            # user = request.POST.get("user")
            # age = request.POST.get("age")
            # pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
            # email = request.POST.get("email")
            # print(user,age,pwd,email)
            obj = F1form(request.POST)
            if obj.is_valid():
                print(obj.cleaned_data) # 验证通过获取到用户输入的数据
            else:
                print(obj.errors) # 验证失败返回错误信息
            return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj})
    
    

    前端的html文件

    # fm.html 文件,用obj.errors.user.0 来取到user错误信息的第一个,因为一个输入框会不止一个错误提示
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
    </head>
    <body>
    <form action="/fm.html/" method="post" id="fm">
        <p><input type="text" name="user" placeholder="user">{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p>
        <p><input type="text" name="pwd" placeholder="pwd">{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
        <p><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="age">{{ obj.errors.age.0 }}</p>
        <p><input type="text" name="email" placeholder="email">{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
        <p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-primary"></p>
    
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    

    在URL路由文件urls.py 文件下要添加路径导航,
    path('fm.html/', views.fm),
    要注释掉 form 的锁 csrf

    django内置的 forms 还能自己生成html代码,也就是输入框,所以, views.py 和 fm.html 文件也可以改成下面的,

    # views.py 文件
    def fm(request):
        if request.method == "GET":
            obj = F1form()  # 改动的地方
            return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj}) # 还有这里
        if request.method == "POST":
            # user = request.POST.get("user")
            # age = request.POST.get("age")
            # pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
            # email = request.POST.get("email")
            # print(user,age,pwd,email)
            obj = F1form(request.POST)
            if obj.is_valid():
                print(obj.cleaned_data)
            else:
                print(obj.errors)
            return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj})
    
    # html 文件中的 input 输入框就可以用 django 中的来代替了
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
    </head>
    <body>
    <form action="/fm.html/" method="post" id="fm">
        <p>{{ obj.user }}{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p>
        <p>{{ obj.pwd }}{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
        <p>{{ obj.age }}{{ obj.errors.age.0 }}</p>
        <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
        <p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-primary"></p>
    
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    

    form 也可以验证ajax提交的数据,因为ajax提交的数据到服务器也是用post提取的,(具体看你ajax中type的设置了)

    
    Form组件
    
        - 对用户请求的验证
            - AJax
            - Form
        - 生成HTML代码
    
        a. 创建一个类
        b. 类中创建字段(包含正则表达式)
        c. GET
            obj = Fr()
            obj.user = > 自动生成HTML
            
        d. POST
            obj = Fr(request.POST)
            if obj.is_valid():
                obj.cleaned_data
            else:
                obj.errors
                return .... obj
        
    

    form 提交数据,验证数据的有效性,

    我们可以自定制正则,也可以用django内置的规则,

    # models.py 创建一个表格
    from django.db import models
    
    # Create your models here.
    
    class userInfo(models.Model):
        username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
        email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
    
    
    # urls.py 
    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path
    from app01 import views
    from django.conf.urls import url
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        path('users/', views.users),
        path('add_user/', views.add_user),
        url("^edit_user-(\d)$", views.edit_user), #这个是之前版本的路由导航
    ]
    
    
    # fm.py 自创建的文件,放置 form 类
    from django import forms
    from django.forms import fields
    
    class UserForm(forms.Form):
        username = fields.CharField(
            max_length=32,
            required=True,
            error_messages={  # 自定制错误提示信息
                "required":"请输入用户名",
                "max_length": "必须输入32个字符",
            }
        )
        email = fields.EmailField(
            required=True,
            error_messages={
                "required": "必须输入邮箱",
                "invalid": "不是正确的邮箱格式",
            }
        )
    
    # views.py 
    from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.shortcuts import redirect
    from app01 import models
    
    from app01 import fm
    
    def users(request): # 返回所有的数据,也就是所有表格的信息
        data_list = models.userInfo.objects.all()
        return render(request,"users.html",{"data_list":data_list})
    
    def add_user(request): # 添加数据,跳转到add_user.html, 
        if request.method == "GET":
            obj = fm.UserForm()
            return render(request,"add_user.html",{"obj":obj})
        if request.method == "POST": # post 接收数据,用form检测格式
            obj = fm.UserForm(request.POST)
            if obj.is_valid():
                print(obj.cleaned_data)
                models.userInfo.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) # 检测通过创建数据
                return redirect("/users.html")
            else:
                return render(request,"add_user.html",{"obj":obj}) # 错误提示,返回错误信息
    
    def edit_user(request,nid): # 编辑信息,使用form为我们写好的生成html,在edit_user.html中
        if request.method == "GET":
            data = models.userInfo.objects.filter(id=nid)[0] # nid 在ulrs.py 文件正则取得
            obj = fm.UserForm({"username":data.username,"email":data.email})
            return render(request,"edit_user.html",{"obj": obj,"nid":nid})
        if request.method == "POST":
            obj = fm.UserForm(request.POST)
            if obj.is_valid():
                print(obj.cleaned_data)
                models.userInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
                return redirect("/users")
            else:
                print(obj.errors) # 记得,返回错误信息时还要返回一次nid
                return render(request,"edit_user.html",{"obj":obj,"nid":nid})
    
    
    # users.html  ----》user 函数(对应)
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <a href="/add_user/">添加</a>
    {% for foo in data_list %}
        <p>
            <span> {{ foo.id }} </span>
            <span> {{ foo.username }} </span>
            <span> {{ foo.email }} </span>
        <a href="/edit_user-{{ foo.id }}">编辑</a>
        </p>
    {% endfor %}
    
    </body>
    </html>
    
    
    # add_user.html ----》add_user 函数
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <form action="/add_user/" method="post" novalidate>
        <p>{{ obj.username }}{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}</p>
        <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    
    # edit_user.html ----》edit_user
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <form action="/edit_user-{{ nid }}" method="post" novalidate>
        <p>{{ obj.username }}{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}</p>
        <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    


    Form组件
        - form表单(验证;保留上次内容)
            - 
        - Ajax(验证;无需上次内容)
            - 返回HttpResponse
            - 前端:跳转或错误信息
            
    
    所谓的扩展
            
    1. Form组件扩展:
    
        1.简单扩展
            利用Form组件自带的正则扩展:
                a. 方式一
                    from django.forms import Form
                    from django.forms import widgets
                    from django.forms import fields
                    from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
                     
                    class MyForm(Form):
                        user = fields.CharField(
                            error_messages={'invalid': '...'},
                            validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],
                        )
                b. 方式二
                    from django.forms import Form
                    from django.forms import widgets
                    from django.forms import fields
                    from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
                     
                    class MyForm(Form):
                        user = fields.RegexField(r'^[0-9]+$',error_messages={'invalid': '...'})
                        
        2.基于源码流程
            a. 单字段
                from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
                class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
                    username = fields.CharField()
                    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
                        widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'刘皓宸'),(2,'杨建'),])
                    )
                # 自定义方法 clean_字段名
                # 必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
                # 如果出错:raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
                def clean_username(self):
                    v = self.cleaned_data['username']
                    if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
                        # 整体错了
                        # 自己详细错误信息
                        raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
                    return v
                def clean_user_id(self):
                    return self.cleaned_data['user_id']
                        
                     
            b. 整体错误验证
                class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
                    username = fields.CharField()
                    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
                        widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'刘皓宸'),(2,'杨建'),])
                    )
                    # 自定义方法 clean_字段名
                    # 必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
                    # 如果出错:raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
                    def clean_username(self):
                        v = self.cleaned_data['username']
                        if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
                            # 整体错了
                            # 自己详细错误信息
                            raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
                        return v
                    def clean_user_id(self):
                        return self.cleaned_data['user_id']
    
                    def clean(self):
                        value_dict = self.cleaned_data
                        v1 = value_dict.get('username')
                        v2 = value_dict.get('user_id')
                        if v1 == 'root' and v2==1:
                            raise ValidationError('整体错误信息')
                        return self.cleaned_data
                        
                        
            PS: _post_clean
    form结束了,就这些东西,扩展也并不是很多内容
                    
             
    2. Django序列化
        a.对象
        b.字典
        c.元祖
    
    ===================================
    
    
    首先能完成任务,
    
    亮点,分为两种,一参加过某种大型的架构,二某种东西研究得特别深,那就研究,
    
    1.笔试:
    
    2.面试
    
    方向:
        - 基础
        - 亮点
    
    基础:
        1.设计程序
        2.开发
    
    亮点:
        某框架的源码:
        Tornado - 异步非堵塞(IO多路复用)
    
    

    关于序列化问题,也就是 Queryset 类型转成 json 类型,可以参考
    博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5246483.html
    http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6144178.html

    今天在简书编辑后丢了很多东西,好气啊

    关于 NON_FIELD_ERRORS,也就是 all 了,下面是一个补充:

    from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
    from app01 import models
    
    from django import forms
    from django.forms import fields
    from django.forms import widgets
    from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
    
    
    class LoginForm(forms.Form):
        username = fields.CharField(
            max_length=32,
            required=True,
            error_messages={
                'required':'请输入用户名',
                'max_length':'最长输入32个字符',
            },
            widget=widgets.TextInput()
        )
        # def clean_username(self):
        #     v1 = self.cleaned_data['username']
        #     v2 = models.User.objects.filter(username=v1).first()
        #     if not v2:
        #         raise ValidationError("用户名错误") # 这个引发的错误会在errors.username显示
        #     return v1
    
        password = fields.CharField(
            max_length=32,
            required=True,
            error_messages={
                'required':'请输入密码',
                'max_length':'最长输入32个字符'
            },
            widget=widgets.PasswordInput()
        )
    
        def clean(self):
            v1 = self.cleaned_data.get('username')
            v2 = self.cleaned_data.get('password')
            obj = models.User.objects.filter(username=v1).first()
            if not obj:
                raise ValidationError("用户名错误")
            elif obj.password != v2:
                raise ValidationError("密码错误")
            return self.cleaned_data
    
    from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS
    def login(request):
        if request.method == "GET":
            obj = LoginForm()
            return render(request,"login.html",{"obj":obj})
        else:
            obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
            all_code = None
            if obj.is_valid():
                print(obj.cleaned_data)
                return HttpResponse("登陆成功")
            else:
                print(obj.errors)
                all_code = obj.errors[NON_FIELD_ERRORS] 
                 # 在 template中没有 NON_FIELD_ERRORS,我只想到这个办法来传过去
            return render(request,"login.html",{"obj":obj,"all_code":all_code})
    

    相关文章

      网友评论

      • 向上成长:你好,请问你都在哪里学习django呢
        两分与桥:@向上成长 主要是参考博客大牛的,我贴了链接在上面了
        向上成长:@又摘桃花换酒钱0 这些代码都是自己写的吗?
        两分与桥:@向上成长 好吧,我是自学的

      本文标题:django 练习,分页,form 表单验证

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