倒数第二章了。
一，理论
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二，练习代码
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'p' /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n 'p' /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '1p' /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '2p' /etc/hosts
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
[root@127 shell_demo]# df -h |sed -n '2p'
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
[root@127 shell_demo]# free |sed -n '2p'
Mem: 8172936 530844 1478844 8844 6163248 7329312
[root@127 shell_demo]# free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 8172936 530976 1478712 8844 6163248 7329180
Swap: 8257532 0 8257532
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat -n /etc/passwd > /tmp/passwd
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '1, 3p' /tmp/passwd
1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '1p; 3p; 6p' /tmp/passwd
1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '2p; 8p' /tmp/passwd
2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '3, 5p' /tmp/passwd
3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '4, $p' /tmp/passwd
4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10 operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
11 games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12 ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
13 nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
14 systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
15 dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
16 polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
17 sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
18 postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
19 chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
20 tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
21 redis:x:998:994:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
22 mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
23 saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
24 telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
25 apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
26 ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
27 sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
28 nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '3, +3p' /tmp/passwd
3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '1~2p' /tmp/passwd
1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
11 games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
13 nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
15 dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
17 sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
19 chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
21 redis:x:998:994:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
23 saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
25 apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
27 sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '2~2p' /tmp/passwd
2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
10 operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
12 ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
14 systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
16 polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
18 postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
20 tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
22 mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
24 telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
26 ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
28 nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '4~2p' /tmp/passwd
4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
10 operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
12 ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
14 systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
16 polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
18 postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
20 tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
22 mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
24 telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
26 ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
28 nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '3~2p' /tmp/passwd
3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
11 games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
13 nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
15 dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
17 sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
19 chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
21 redis:x:998:994:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
23 saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
25 apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
27 sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '3~4p' /tmp/passwd
3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
11 games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
15 dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
19 chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
23 saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
27 sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '4~5p' /tmp/passwd
4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
14 systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
19 chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
24 telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '$p' /tmp/passwd
28 nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/root/p' /tmp/passwd
1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
10 operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/bash$/p' /tmp/passwd
1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
19 chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
22 mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
27 sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/s...:x/p' /tmp/passwd
6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
17 sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '[0-9]/p' /tmp/passwd
sed: -e expression #1, char 1: unknown command: `['
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/[0-9]/p' /tmp/passwd
1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10 operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
11 games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12 ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
13 nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
14 systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
15 dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
16 polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
17 sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
18 postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
19 chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
20 tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
21 redis:x:998:994:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
22 mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
23 saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
24 telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
25 apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
26 ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
27 sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
28 nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/^http/p' /tmp/passwd
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/^http/p' /etc/services
http 80/tcp www www-http # WorldWideWeb HTTP
http 80/udp www www-http # HyperText Transfer Protocol
http 80/sctp # HyperText Transfer Protocol
https 443/tcp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
https 443/udp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
https 443/sctp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
http-mgmt 280/tcp # http-mgmt
http-mgmt 280/udp # http-mgmt
http-rpc-epmap 593/tcp # HTTP RPC Ep Map
http-rpc-epmap 593/udp # HTTP RPC Ep Map
httpx 4180/tcp # HTTPX
httpx 4180/udp # HTTPX
http-wmap 8990/tcp # webmail HTTP service
http-wmap 8990/udp # webmail HTTP service
https-wmap 8991/tcp # webmail HTTPS service
https-wmap 8991/udp # webmail HTTPS service
[root@127 shell_demo]#
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/^(icmp|igmp)/p' /etc/protocols
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -rn '/^(icmp|igmp)/p' /etc/protocols
icmp 1 ICMP # internet control message protocol
igmp 2 IGMP # internet group management protocol
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '\cUIDcp' /etc/login.defs
UID_MIN 1000
UID_MAX 60000
SYS_UID_MIN 201
SYS_UID_MAX 999
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '\xbashxp' /etc/shells
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/bash
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '\1bash1p' /etc/shells
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/bash
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '\:bash:p' /etc/shells
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/bash
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '\,bash,p' /etc/shells
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/bash
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n -l' /etc/shells
> '
Usage: sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...
-n, --quiet, --silent
suppress automatic printing of pattern space
-e script, --expression=script
add the script to the commands to be executed
-f script-file, --file=script-file
add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed
--follow-symlinks
follow symlinks when processing in place
-i[SUFFIX], --in-place[=SUFFIX]
edit files in place (makes backup if SUFFIX supplied)
-c, --copy
use copy instead of rename when shuffling files in -i mode
-b, --binary
does nothing; for compatibility with WIN32/CYGWIN/MSDOS/EMX (
open files in binary mode (CR+LFs are not treated specially))
-l N, --line-length=N
specify the desired line-wrap length for the `l' command
--posix
disable all GNU extensions.
-r, --regexp-extended
use extended regular expressions in the script.
-s, --separate
consider files as separate rather than as a single continuous
long stream.
-u, --unbuffered
load minimal amounts of data from the input files and flush
the output buffers more often
-z, --null-data
separate lines by NUL characters
--help
display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
If no -e, --expression, -f, or --file option is given, then the first
non-option argument is taken as the sed script to interpret. All
remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are
specified, then the standard input is read.
GNU sed home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>.
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n 'l' /etc/shells
/bin/sh$
/bin/bash$
/usr/bin/sh$
/usr/bin/bash$
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/root/=' /etc/passwd
1
10
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '3=' /etc/passwd
3
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '$=' /etc/passwd
28
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n 'l!p' /etc/hosts
sed: -e expression #1, char 2: extra characters after command
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '1!p' /etc/hosts
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '2!p' /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/bash/!p' /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/bash/!p' /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/usr/bin/sh
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/sh/!p' /etc/shells
[root@127 shell_demo]# cp /etc/hosts /tmp/hosts
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '1a add test line' /tmp/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
add test line
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -i '1a add test line' /tmp/hosts
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
add test line
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -i.bak '2d' /tmp/hosts
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/hosts.bak
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
add test line
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '1i add new line' /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -i '1i add new line' /tmp/hosts
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '/new/a temp line' /tmp/hosts
add new line
temp line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '/new/a temp line;3p;2i addline' /tmp/hosts
add new line
temp line;3p;2i addline
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/
cat: /tmp/: Is a directory
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'd' /tmp/hosts
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '1d' /tmp/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cp /etc/profile /tmp/
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -i '/^$/d' /tmp/profile
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -i '/^#/d' /tmp/profile
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '/local/d' /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '2c modify line' /tmp/hosts
add new line
modify line
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'c all modify line' /tmp/hosts
all modify line
all modify line
all modify line
all modify line
all modify line
all modify line
all modify line
all modify line
all modify line
all modify line
all modify line
all modify line
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '/new/c line' /tmp/hosts
line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /etc/hostname
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'r /etc/hostname' /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '1r /etc/hostname' /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '3r /etc/hostname' /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.111 localhost
192.168.1.111 sky
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'w /tmp/myhosts' /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/myhosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '1,3w /tmp/myhosts' /tmp/hosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 adhoc-1
127.0.0.1 adhoc-2
127.0.0.1 namenode
127.0.0.1 datanode1
127.0.0.1 hiveserver
127.0.0.1 hivemetastore
127.0.0.1 kafkabroker
127.0.0.1 sparkmaster
127.0.0.1 zookeeper
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/myhosts
add new line
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '3q' /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/sh
[root@127 shell_demo]# vim test.txt
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/hello/hi/' test.txt
hi the world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hi the beijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '1s/hello/hi/' test.txt
hi the world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hello the beijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat test.txt
hello the world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hello the beijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/o/O' test.txt
sed: -e expression #1, char 5: unterminated `s' command
[root@127 shell_demo]#
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/o/O' test.txt
sed: -e expression #1, char 5: unterminated `s' command
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/o/O/g' test.txt
hellO the wOrld.
gO spurs gO.
123 456 789.
hellO the beijing.
I am JacOb.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/o/O' test.txt
sed: -e expression #1, char 5: unterminated `s' command
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/o/O/g' test.txt
hellO the wOrld.
gO spurs gO.
123 456 789.
hellO the beijing.
I am JacOb.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/o/O/2' test.txt
hello the wOrld.
go spurs gO.
123 456 789.
hello the beijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/e/E/2p' test.txt
hello thE world.
hello thE world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hello thE beijing.
hello thE beijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/e/E/3p' test.txt
hello the world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hello the bEijing.
hello the bEijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/e/E/gp' test.txt
hEllo thE world.
hEllo thE world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hEllo thE bEijing.
hEllo thE bEijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/jacob/vicky/i' test.txt
hello the world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hello the beijing.
I am vicky.
[root@127 shell_demo]# echo "/etc/hosts" | sed 's/^/ls -l /e'
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root 342 Apr 6 2022 /etc/hosts
[root@127 shell_demo]# echo "tmpfile" | sed 's#^#touch /tmp/#e'
[root@127 shell_demo]# ls -l /tmp/tmpfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 1 16:42 /tmp/tmpfile
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/the//' test.txt
hello world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hello beijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# echo '"hello" "world"'
"hello" "world"
[root@127 shell_demo]# echo '"hello" "world"'| sed 's/\".*\"//'
[root@127 shell_demo]# echo '"hello" "world"'| sed 's/\"[^\"\*\"//'
sed: -e expression #1, char 14: unterminated `s' command
[root@127 shell_demo]# echo '"hello" "world"'| sed 's/\"[^\"]*\"//'
"world"
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -r 's/^(.)(.*)(.)$/\3\2\1/' test.txt
.ello the worldh
.o spurs gog
.23 456 7891
.ello the beijingh
. am JacobI
[root@127 shell_demo]# cp /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd
cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/passwd’? y
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /tmp/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
redis:x:998:994:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/\/sbin\/nologin/\/bin\/sh/' /tmp/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/sh
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/sh
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/sh
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/bin/sh
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/bin/sh
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/bin/sh
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/sh
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/bin/sh
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/bin/sh
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/bin/sh
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/bin/sh
chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/bin/sh
redis:x:998:994:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/bin/sh
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/bin/sh
telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/bin/sh
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/bin/sh
sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/bin/sh
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's#/sbin/nologin#/bin/sh#' /tmp/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/sh
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/sh
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/sh
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/bin/sh
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/bin/sh
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/bin/sh
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/sh
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/bin/sh
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/bin/sh
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/bin/sh
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/bin/sh
chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/bin/sh
redis:x:998:994:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/bin/sh
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/bin/sh
telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/bin/sh
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/bin/sh
sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/bin/sh
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's,/sbin/nologin,/bin/sh,' /tmp/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/sh
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/sh
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/sh
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/bin/sh
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/bin/sh
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/bin/sh
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/sh
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/bin/sh
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/bin/sh
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/bin/sh
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/bin/sh
chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/bin/sh
redis:x:998:994:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/bin/sh
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/bin/sh
telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/bin/sh
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/bin/sh
sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/bin/sh
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'sx/sbin/nologinx/bin/shx' /tmp/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/sh
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/sh
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/sh
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/bin/sh
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/bin/sh
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/bin/sh
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/sh
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/bin/sh
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/bin/sh
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/bin/sh
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/bin/sh
chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/bin/sh
redis:x:998:994:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/bin/sh
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/bin/sh
telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/bin/sh
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/bin/sh
sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/bin/sh
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's9/sbin/nologin9/bin/sh9' /tmp/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/sh
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/sh
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/sh
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/bin/sh
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/bin/sh
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/bin/sh
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/sh
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/bin/sh
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/bin/sh
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/bin/sh
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/bin/sh
chengang:x:1000:1000:chengang:/home/chengang:/bin/bash
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/bin/sh
redis:x:998:994:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/bin/sh
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
saslauth:x:997:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/bin/sh
telegraf:x:996:993::/etc/telegraf:/bin/false
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/bin/sh
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/bin/sh
sky:x:1001:1001::/home/sky:/bin/bash
nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/bin/sh
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat test.txt
hello the world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hello the beijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]#
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '1p;3p;5p' test.txt
hello the world.
123 456 789.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n -e '1p' -e '3p' test.txt
hello the world.
123 456 789.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '/world/s/hello/hi/;s/the//' test.txt
hi world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hello beijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '/world/{s/hello/hi/;s/the//}' test.txt
hi world.
go spurs go.
123 456 789.
hello the beijing.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# vim script.sed
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -f script.sed test.txt
hello world
go spurs go.
Hello the china.
I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]#
[root@127 shell_demo]#
[root@127 shell_demo]# vim test.txt
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '2h;5g' test.txt
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:hello the beijing.
2:go spurs go.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '2h;5G' test.txt
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:hello the beijing.
5:I am Jacob.
2:go spurs go.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '2H;5G' test.txt
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:hello the beijing.
5:I am Jacob.
2:go spurs go.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '2H;5g' test.txt
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:hello the beijing.
2:go spurs go.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat test.txt
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:hello the beijing.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]#
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '2h;2d;5g' test.txt
1:hello the world.
3:123 456 789.
4:hello the beijing.
2:go spurs go.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '1h;4x' test.txt
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
1:hello the world.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat test.txt
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:hello the beijing.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '1h;2H;4x' test.txt
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat test.txt
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:hello the beijing.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'n;d' test.txt
1:hello the world.
3:123 456 789.
5:I am Jacob.
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat test.txt
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:hello the beijing.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '2{N;l}' test.txt
2:go spurs go.\n3:123 456 789.$
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '2{N;p}' test.txt
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '2{N;p}' test.txt
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n 'N;s/\n//' test.txt
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'N;s/\n//' test.txt
1:hello the world.2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.4:hello the beijing.
5:I am Jacob.6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'y/hg/HG/' test.txt
1:Hello tHe world.
2:Go spurs Go.
3:123 456 789.
4:Hello tHe beijinG.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test Hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'y/hg/12/' test.txt
1:1ello t1e world.
2:2o spurs 2o.
3:123 456 789.
4:1ello t1e beijin2.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test 1old/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'y/hg/21/' test.txt
1:2ello t2e world.
2:1o spurs 1o.
3:123 456 789.
4:2ello t2e beijin1.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test 2old/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 'y/abcde/ABCDE/' test.txt
1:hEllo thE worlD.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:hEllo thE BEijing.
5:I Am JACoB.
6:TEst holD/pAttErn spACE.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '=;p' test.txt
1
1:hello the world.
2
2:go spurs go.
3
3:123 456 789.
4
4:hello the beijing.
5
5:I am Jacob.
6
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -n '/go/b label;=;:label;p' test.txt
1
1:hello the world.
2:go spurs go.
3
3:123 456 789.
4
4:hello the beijing.
5
5:I am Jacob.
6
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/\./!/' test.txt
1:hello the world!
2:go spurs go!
3:123 456 789!
4:hello the beijing!
5:I am Jacob!
6:Test hold/pattern space!
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '/beijing/b end;s/\./!/;:end' test.txt
1:hello the world!
2:go spurs go!
3:123 456 789!
4:hello the beijing.
5:I am Jacob!
6:Test hold/pattern space!
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed 's/hello/nihao/' test.txt
1:nihao the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:nihao the beijing.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed '/hello/{s/hello/nihao/;:next;n;b next}' test.txt
1:nihao the world.
2:go spurs go.
3:123 456 789.
4:hello the beijing.
5:I am Jacob.
6:Test hold/pattern space.
[root@127 shell_demo]# vim contact.txt
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -r 'N;s/\n//;s/: +/: /' contact.txt
phone:13312345678
mail:test@test.com
phone:13612345678
mail:beta@teta.com
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -r ':start;/:$/N;s/\n +//;t start' contact.txt
phone:
13312345678
mail:
test@test.com
phone:
13612345678
mail:
beta@teta.com
[root@127 shell_demo]# vim contact.txt
[root@127 shell_demo]# sed -r ':start;/:$/N;s/\n +//;t start' contact.txt
phone:
13312345678
mail:test@test.com
phone:13612345678
mail:
beta@teta.com
[root@127 shell_demo]# echo fe:54:00:8f:25:92 | sed 's/://g'
fe54008f2592
[root@127 shell_demo]# echo fe54008f2592 | sed -r 's/([^:]*)([0-9a-f]{2})/\1:\2/'
fe54008f25:92
[root@127 shell_demo]# echo fe54008f2592 | sed -r ':loop;s/([^:]+)([0-9a-f]{2})/\1:\2/;t loop'
fe:54:00:8f:25:92
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /etc/ssh/ssh
ssh_config ssh_host_ecdsa_key ssh_host_ed25519_key ssh_host_rsa_key
sshd_config ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /etc/ssh/ssh
ssh_config ssh_host_ecdsa_key ssh_host_ed25519_key ssh_host_rsa_key
sshd_config ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.
# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell
# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none
# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
#LoginGraceTime 2m
#PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
#PubkeyAuthentication yes
# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication yes
# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes
# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#GSSAPIEnablek5users no
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
# WARNING: 'UsePAM no' is not supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and may cause several
# problems.
UsePAM yes
#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
#UseDNS yes
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none
# no default banner path
#Banner none
# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS
# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
[root@127 shell_demo]# cat /boot/grub2/
device.map fonts/ grub.cfg grubenv i386-pc/ locale/
[root@127 shell_demo]# /etc/grub.d/0
00_header 00_tuned 01_users
[root@127 shell_demo]# /etc/grub.d/01_users
if [ -f ${prefix}/user.cfg ]; then
source ${prefix}/user.cfg
if [ -n "${GRUB2_PASSWORD}" ]; then
set superusers="root"
export superusers
password_pbkdf2 root ${GRUB2_PASSWORD}
fi
fi
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