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iOS 倒计时 NSTimer

iOS 倒计时 NSTimer

作者: 一生随愿为剑客 | 来源:发表于2020-05-18 00:15 被阅读0次

    导语: 新项目有差不多6个倒计时功能,以前都是在根tabbar的controller使用,所以一直也没注意这个问题。最近写的比较多,总结一下。

    一、 NSTimer 的使用方法

    @interface TimerViewController ()
    
    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer * timer;
    
    @end
    
    @implementation TimerViewController
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self selector:@selector(timerAction) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:self.timer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
    }
    
    - (void)timerAction{
        NSLog(@"timer run ---");
    }
    @end
    

    总结来说, 就是三个步骤:

    1、创建Timer
    2、加入runloop
    3、执行响应事件

    系统提供了8个创建方法,6个类创建方法,2个实例化方法。

    有三个方法直接将timer添加到了当前runloop default mode,而不需要我们自己操作,当然这个runloop只是当前的runloop,模式是default mode:

    + (NSTimer *)scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)ti invocation:(NSInvocation *)invocation repeats:(BOOL)yesOrNo;
    
    + (NSTimer *)scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)ti target:(id)aTarget selector:(SEL)aSelector userInfo:(id)userInfo repeats:(BOOL)yesOrNo;
    
    + (NSTimer *)scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block;
    

    下面五种创建,不会自动添加到runloop,还需调用addTimer: forMode 添加到runloop。

    + (NSTimer *)timerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block;
    
    + (NSTimer *)timerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)ti invocation:(NSInvocation *)invocation repeats:(BOOL)yesOrNo;
    
    + (NSTimer *)timerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)ti target:(id)aTarget selector:(SEL)aSelector userInfo:(id)userInfo repeats:(BOOL)yesOrNo;
    
    - (instancetype)initWithFireDate:(NSDate *)date interval:(NSTimeInterval)ti target:(id)t selector:(SEL)s userInfo:(id)ui repeats:(BOOL)rep;
    
    - (instancetype)initWithFireDate:(NSDate *)date interval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block;
    

    二、 NSTimer 和 VC 造成的循环引用

    我们修改下上文中我们创建的TimerViewController文件:

    @interface TimerViewController ()
    
    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer * timer;
    
    @property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger  increaseIndex;
    
    @end
    
    @implementation TimerViewController
    
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];    
        self.increaseIndex = 0;
        self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self selector:@selector(timerAction) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:self.timer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
    }
    
    - (void)timerAction{
        NSLog(@" ---increaseValue: %ld----", (long)self.increaseIndex ++);
    }
    
    - (void)dealloc{
        [self.timer invalidate];
        self.timer = nil;
        NSLog(@"************ dealloc ***************");
    }
    @end
    

    进入此页面后, 倒计时触发,timerAction方法开始执行。 点击返回按钮后, 不会触发 dealloc 方法, 内存无法释放。可以看见我们创建一个自增index, 第一次进入页面即可触发, 返回上个页面不会释放, 依然在打印值。再次进入页面触发了另一个timer方法, 同时打印两个index值。清晰的表明了, timer和 VC 循环引用导致了无法释放的问题。

    即我们可以认为VC 持有 timer, 而timer的创建方法中参数target使得timer持有VC。

    三、 NSTimer 手动销毁解决循环引用

    我们继续改造上面的代码:

    #import "TimerViewController.h"
    
    @interface TimerViewController ()
    
    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer * timer;
    
    @property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger  increaseIndex;
    
    @end
    
    @implementation TimerViewController
    
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        UIButton * tempBtn = [[UIButton alloc]  initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 30)];
        [tempBtn setBackgroundColor:[UIColor orangeColor]];
        [self.view  addSubview:tempBtn];
        [tempBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(btnClick) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
        
        self.increaseIndex = 0;
        self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self selector:@selector(timerAction) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:self.timer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
    }
    
    - (void)timerAction{
        NSLog(@" ---increaseValue: %ld----", (long)self.increaseIndex ++);
    }
    
    - (void)btnClick{
        [self.timer invalidate];
        self.timer = nil;
    }
    
    - (void)dealloc{
        [self.timer invalidate];
        self.timer = nil;
        NSLog(@"************ dealloc ***************");
    }
    @end
    

    我们在页面返回之前提前点击创建的按钮,执行完 [self.timer invalidate]; self.timer = nil;方法后再进行pop操作。此次发现系统执行了dealloc方法,内存得以释放。 当然,这里只是做个例子来操作,真实情况可以放在类似于 viewWillDisappear:方法中进行销毁。

    四、 NSTimer 使用弱引用解决Runloop和timer循环引用

    既然是强引用造成的循环引用,那么我们将self弱引用不就可以了,理论上当然是可以了。 我们继续改造代码:

    #import "TimerViewController.h"
    
    @interface TimerViewController ()
    
    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer * timer;
    
    @property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger  increaseIndex;
    
    @end
    
    @implementation TimerViewController
    
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
     
        self.increaseIndex = 0;
        __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
        self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:weakSelf selector:@selector(timerAction) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:self.timer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
    }
    
    - (void)timerAction{
        NSLog(@" ---increaseValue: %ld----", (long)self.increaseIndex ++);
    }
    
    - (void)dealloc{
        [self.timer invalidate];
        self.timer = nil;
        NSLog(@"************ dealloc ***************");
    }
    @end
    

    当我们 pop 出该页面以后,并没有调用dealloc方法,内存并没有得到释放,那么到底是什么原因呢?

    在 本文的 NSTimer 的使用方法 段落中我们已经介绍了NSTimer的创建方案,无论如何创建。都会将NSTimer 加入到当前的RunLoop当中。所以RunLoop就持有该timer。即VC和timer相互引用,Runloop同时也引用timer。这也是我们在本文中 NSTimer 手动销毁解决循环引用 段落中除了[self.timer invalidate], 还要将 self.timer = nil的原因。

    那么我们该如何解决这个问题呢?最简单的方案就是使用 YYKit 中的YYWeakProxy来处理。
    继续修改代码:

    #import "TimerViewController.h"
    #import "YYWeakProxy.h"
    
    @interface TimerViewController ()
    
    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer * timer;
    
    @property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger  increaseIndex;
    
    @end
    
    @implementation TimerViewController
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        self.increaseIndex = 0;
        YYWeakProxy * weakProxy = [YYWeakProxy proxyWithTarget:self];
        self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:weakProxy selector:@selector(timerAction) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:self.timer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
    }
    
    - (void)timerAction{
        NSLog(@" ---increaseValue: %ld----", (long)self.increaseIndex ++);
    }
    
    - (void)dealloc{
        [self.timer invalidate];
        self.timer = nil;
        NSLog(@"************ dealloc ***************");
    }
    
    @end
    

    此时我们pop后发现系统调用了dealloc方法,内存得以释放。

    这里简单解释下YYWeakProxy的原理,YYWeakProxy源码:

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
    
    
    @interface YYWeakProxy : NSProxy
    
    @property (nullable, nonatomic, weak, readonly) id target;
    
    - (instancetype)initWithTarget:(id)target;
    
    + (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target;
    
    @end
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
    
    #import "YYWeakProxy.h"
    
    
    @implementation YYWeakProxy
    
    - (instancetype)initWithTarget:(id)target {
       _target = target;
       return self;
    }
    
    + (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target {
       return [[YYWeakProxy alloc] initWithTarget:target];
    }
    
    - (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)selector {
       return _target;
    }
    
    - (void)forwardInvocation:(NSInvocation *)invocation {
       void *null = NULL;
       [invocation setReturnValue:&null];
    }
    
    - (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)selector {
       return [NSObject instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:@selector(init)];
    }
    
    - (BOOL)respondsToSelector:(SEL)aSelector {
       return [_target respondsToSelector:aSelector];
    }
    
    - (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object {
       return [_target isEqual:object];
    }
    
    - (NSUInteger)hash {
       return [_target hash];
    }
    
    - (Class)superclass {
       return [_target superclass];
    }
    
    - (Class)class {
       return [_target class];
    }
    
    - (BOOL)isKindOfClass:(Class)aClass {
       return [_target isKindOfClass:aClass];
    }
    
    - (BOOL)isMemberOfClass:(Class)aClass {
       return [_target isMemberOfClass:aClass];
    }
    
    - (BOOL)conformsToProtocol:(Protocol *)aProtocol {
       return [_target conformsToProtocol:aProtocol];
    }
    
    - (BOOL)isProxy {
       return YES;
    }
    
    - (NSString *)description {
       return [_target description];
    }
    
    - (NSString *)debugDescription {
       return [_target debugDescription];
    }
    
    @end
    
    

    YYWeakProxy的代码非常简单,如果对NSProxy有一定认知的话
    ,就会发现是重载了父类的方法,将输入的target保存为实例变量,然后返回self。即YYWeakProxy对象会弱引用target对象,通过消息转发处理target事件,这样对应到NSTimer的使用上,就构成了这样的形式:


    这样就避免了内存无法释放的问题,很好的解决了NSTimer的循环引用问题。

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