小程序项目总结

作者: Grayly吖 | 来源:发表于2019-06-16 21:40 被阅读267次

    目录(各种框架通用套路)

    • 一、静态页面
    • 二、生命周期
    • 三、获取数据
    • 四、渲染页面
    • 五、绑定事件
    • 六、路由
    • 七、页面传参
    • 八、存储(本地存储)
    • 九、自定义组件

    一、小程序静态页面

    • (1)使用小程序组件,view相当于div(块级元素),text相当与span(行内元素)

    • (2)使用rpx作为小程序单位,可以根据屏幕宽度进行自适应。

      • 1px = 2rpx
      • 开发微信小程序时设计师可以用 iPhone6 (width= 750rpx)作为视觉稿的标准。
    • (3) page{} 该页面的最外层的容器标签,常用于给该页面设置背景颜色

    • (4)开放数据open-data

      <open-data type="userAvatarUrl"></open-data>
      <open-data type="userGender" lang="zh_CN"></open-data>
      
    • (5)导入有赞小程序ui库到项目中(有赞的自定义组件)

            npm i vant-weapp -S --production
    
    • 配置app.json文件中,在"usingComponents"中将dist中所有的组件引入
            "usingComponents": {
                "van-action-sheet": "./dist/action-sheet/index",
                "van-area": "./dist/area/index",
                "van-badge": "./dist/badge/index",
                "van-badge-group": "./dist/badge-group/index",
                "van-button": "./dist/button/index",
                "van-card": "./dist/card/index",
                "van-cell": "./dist/cell/index",
                "van-cell-group": "./dist/cell-group/index",
                "van-checkbox": "./dist/checkbox/index",
                "van-checkbox-group": "./dist/checkbox-group/index",
                "van-col": "./dist/col/index",
                "van-dialog": "./dist/dialog/index",
                "van-field": "./dist/field/index",
                "van-goods-action": "./dist/goods-action/index",
                "van-goods-action-icon": "./dist/goods-action-icon/index",
                "van-goods-action-button": "./dist/goods-action-button/index",
                "van-icon": "./dist/icon/index",
                "van-loading": "./dist/loading/index",
                "van-nav-bar": "./dist/nav-bar/index",
                "van-notice-bar": "./dist/notice-bar/index",
                "van-notify": "./dist/notify/index",
                "van-panel": "./dist/panel/index",
                "van-popup": "./dist/popup/index",
                "van-progress": "./dist/progress/index",
                "van-radio": "./dist/radio/index",
                "van-radio-group": "./dist/radio-group/index",
                "van-row": "./dist/row/index",
                "van-search": "./dist/search/index",
                "van-slider": "./dist/slider/index",
                "van-stepper": "./dist/stepper/index",
                "van-steps": "./dist/steps/index",
                "van-submit-bar": "./dist/submit-bar/index",
                "van-swipe-cell": "./dist/swipe-cell/index",
                "van-switch": "./dist/switch/index",
                "van-switch-cell": "./dist/switch-cell/index",
                "van-tab": "./dist/tab/index",
                "van-tabs": "./dist/tabs/index",
                "van-tabbar": "./dist/tabbar/index",
                "van-tabbar-item": "./dist/tabbar-item/index",
                "van-tag": "./dist/tag/index",
                "van-toast": "./dist/toast/index",
                "van-transition": "./dist/transition/index",
                "van-tree-select": "./dist/tree-select/index",
                "van-datetime-picker": "./dist/datetime-picker/index",
                "van-rate": "./dist/rate/index",
                "van-collapse": "./dist/collapse/index",
                "van-collapse-item": "./dist/collapse-item/index",
                "van-picker": "./dist/picker/index"
            }
    

    二、小程序生命周期

    三、获取数据

    • (1) 小程序只支持https
    • (2)需要配置域名白名单
    • (3)开发阶段可以取消域名校验 开发者工具右上角点击详情 ==> 不校验合法域名

    四、渲染页面

    • (1)在模板上直接获取data中的数据
          <view> {{ message }} </view>
    
    • (2)在js中通过this.data.xxx获取data中的数据,通过this.setData()修改data中的数据

    • (3)条件渲染wx:if="{{}}"

          <view wx:if="{{show}}"> True </view>
    
    • (4)列表渲染wx:for="{{}}",在组件上使用 wx:for 控制属性绑定一个数组,即可使用数组中各项的数据重复渲染该组件。默认数组的当前项的下标变量名默认为 index,数组当前项的变量名默认为item
          <view wx:for="{{array}}">
            {{index}}: {{item.message}}
          </view>
    

    五、事件绑定

    • (1)在组件中绑定一个事件处理函数。:bind:事件名
      • bindtap,当用户点击该组件的时候会在该页面对应的Page中找到相应的事件处理函数。
        <viewbindtap="tapName"> Click me! </view>
    
    • (2)小程序绑定的函数无法传参,需要data-xxx自定义属性,通过event.currentTarget.dataset.xxx

    • (3)小程序使用bind绑定事件会有事件冒泡,使用catch来绑定事件可阻止事件冒泡

    六、路由

    1、页面路由配置

    • 在app.json文件的"pages"中配置
      "pages": [
          "pages/index/index",
          "pages/logs/logs",
      ]
    

    2、导航

    • (1)普通页面跳转:<navigator></navigator>
       <navigator url="/pages/index/index">跳转到新页面</navigator>
    
    • (2)tabBar页面跳转:添加属性open-type="switchTab"
       <navigator  open-type="switchTab" url="/pages/index/index">跳转到新页面</navigator>
    
    • (3)JS:普通页面跳转
          wx.navigateTo({
            url: '/pages/index/index'
          })
    
    • (4)JS:tabBar页面跳转
          wx.navigateTo({
            url: '/pages/index/index'
          })
    

    七、页面传参

    • (1)传参方式:通过url进行传参,使用?问号携带参数
      • 标签方式
         <navigator url="/pages/index/index?id=123">跳转到新页面  </navigator>
      
      • JS方式
          wx.navigateTo({
            url: '/pages/index/index?id=123'
          })
      
    • (2)接收参数:在目标页面的onLoad生命周期中接收传过来的参数
            onLoad: function (options) {
                  console.log(options.id)  // id=123
            }
    
    • (3)页面传参传对象:小程序不支持直接传递对象,需要将对象先转换成JSON数据,然后再在接收页面转换成原来的数据类型
      • 传送方
          let dataStr = JSON.stringify(data);
            wx.navigateTo({
            url: `/pages/index/index?dataStr=${data}`
          })
      
      • 接收方
             onLoad: function (options) {
                 let data = JSON.parse(options.dataStr)
             }
      

    八、数据缓存

    • (1)存
        try {
            wx.setStorageSync('key', 'value')
        } catch (e) { }
    
    • (2)取
        try {
            var value = wx.getStorageSync('key')
        } catch (e) { }
    
    • (3)清除
        try {
            wx.removeStorageSync('key')
        } catch (e) { }
    

    九、自定义组件

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