William Hogarth
威廉·霍加斯
英国, (1697-1764)
威廉·霍加斯（1697年11月10日-1764年10月26日）是英国著名画家、版画家、讽刺画家和欧洲连环漫画的先驱。他的作品范围极广，从卓越的现实主义肖像画到连环画系列。他的许多作品经常讽刺和嘲笑当时的政治和风俗。后来这种风格被称为“霍加斯风格”，他也被称为"英国绘画之父"。
—— By ArtYouhua
作品欣赏
The Beggar's Opera,1729
威廉·霍加斯生于伦敦附近的巴多罗摩一个贫穷教师家庭，父亲是一位教师。霍加斯家境贫苦，父亲深知儿子有绘画才能，就在15岁时送他到一位金银雕刻家E.甘布尔门下学艺。年轻时霍加斯在莱斯特广场作为雕版家埃利斯·甘波的学徒，学习刻版印刷简单的图片。他很喜欢大都会的街道生活和伦敦的市集，经常画一些他见到的人自娱自乐。
Prospero and Miranda from "The Tempest" of William Shakespeare,1728
23岁的霍加斯以铜版画家身分独立开业，他不喜欢学院派的清规戒律，喜爱自由驰骋，善画讽刺画，他的油画是跟国王御用画家詹姆士·索赫尔爵士学的。他的艺术天赋是善于模仿，这种素质对他熟练地掌握油画技法是不可或缺的。霍加斯晚年对青年们讲述自己时说:"我有一副好眼力。此外，模仿是儿童们具有的天性， 但在我身上特别突出。看到什么就模仿什么，使我感到说不出的愉快。"
The Wedding of Stephen Beckingham and Mary Cox,1729
就在他的铜版组画《烟花女子哈洛特堕落记》发表而被社会注意后不久，霍加斯爱上了一位贵族的女儿。在那个时代，由于出身不同，他们的爱情是不被允许的。他们只得双双私奔。詹姆斯·桑希尔爵士宣布和女儿断绝关系，但桑希尔夫人心疼女儿，最终还是宽宥了。当霍加斯的上述铜版画组画展出后，她便买了下来，布置在餐室内。老爵士见到便问是何人所画，夫人告诉他"你的女婿"。老爵士看到了这个青年的艺术才华，就默认了这个事实。
Emblematical print of the South Sea Scheme,1721
1764年，霍加斯在伦敦逝世，埋葬在圣尼古拉斯教堂墓园。他的好友演员戴维·盖瑞克为他的墓碑题词。
A Just View of the English Stage,1724
Hudibras Encounters the Skimmington, from 'Hudibras', by Samuel Butler,1726
Mary Toft, apparently giving birth to rabbits,1726
Falstaff Examining His Recruits,1728
威廉·霍加斯是英国画家，艺术理论家，可以说是英国第一位在欧洲赢得声誉的、富于民族特色的美术家。
The Denunciation,1729
霍加斯的艺术受到以鲁本斯为代表的巴洛克艺术影响，尼德兰的博斯和勃鲁盖尔给他的讽刺画创作有极大的启迪，也不能忽视法国的罗可可艺术和伦勃朗艺术在他创作中起的作用。
The Ashley and Popple Family,1730
霍加斯热爱生活，他的创作题材都取自现实生活，他对现实社会中的人物和事件都有极敏锐的观察和理解，他具有画家的眼和手以及小说家的头脑，他还利用艺术对大众进行道德教育。
The Theft of a Watch,1731
霍加斯不仅是画家，也是位美学家，他著有《美的分析》，是欧洲美学史上第一篇关于形式分析的美学专著。他主张用优美、雅致的曲线作为达到绘画美的钥匙。
The sleeping church,1728-1729
经过18世纪英国风俗画奠基人霍加斯的开拓，英国绘画发展的曙光才得以在英伦三岛上升起，由于他的尖锐讽刺画揭露了英国贵族上流社会的丑恶腐朽，有力地推动了英国的民主主义启蒙思想。
A Scene from the Beggar's Opera,1728-1729
The Fishing Party,1730
The Fountaine Family,1730
Before the Seduction and After,1731
Wanstead Assembly at Wanstead_ House,1731
The Children's Theater In The House Of John Conduit,1731-1732
Gerard Anne Edwards in His Cradle,1733
Portrait of Sarah Macholm in Prison,1733
Southwark Fair,1733
Marriage,1732-1735
Scene in a tavern,1732-1735
The arrest for theft,1732-1735
The heir,1732-1735
The Madhouse,1732-1735
The prison,1732-1735
Rake's Progress' The Gaming House,1732-1735
The Distrest Poet,1729-1736
The Four Times of Day: Night,1736
The Pool of Bethesda,1736
The Good Samaritan,1737
Portrait of Augusta of Saxe Gotha,1736-1738
Portrait of Dr. Benjamin Hoadly,1738
Strolling Actresses Dressing in Barn,1738
Times of the Day, Noon,1738
Lord Hervey and His Friends,1738-1739
Mrs Catherine Edwards,1739
George Arnold,1740
Portrait of Captain Coram,1740
Portrait of Lady Mary Grey and Lord George Grey,1740
Satan, Sin and Death,1740
William Jones,1740
The Enraged Musician,1741
William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, Later 4th Duke of Devonshire,1741
Miss Mary Edwards,1742
The Graham Children,1742
The Strode Family,1738-1742
Characters and Caricaturas,1743
Portrait of Bischofs Benjamin Hoadly,1743
The Battle of the Pictures,1743
The Tete-a-Tete,1743
Portrait of Madam Salter,1744
The Staymaker,1744
David Garrick as Richard III,1745
Self portrait,1745
Suicide of the Countess,1743-1745
The Ball,1745
The Countess's Morning Levee,1743-1745
The Marriage Contract,1743-1745
The murder of the count,1743-1745
The Wedding Banquet,1745
Untitled, dubbed The Shrimp Girl, sometimes The Saleswoman of Crabs,1740-1745
Visit with the Quack Doctor,1743-1745
Moses Brought Before Pharaoh's Daughter,1746
The Mackinen Children,1747
The March of the Guards to Finchley,1750
Beer Street,1751
Cruelty in perfection,1751
First stage of cruelty,1751
Gin Lane,1750-1751
Second stage of cruelty,1751
The Reward of Cruelty,1751
Columbus Breaking the Egg (Christopher Columbus),1752
Moses Brought to the Pharaoh's Daughter,1752
Election propaganda,1754-1755
The Banquet,1754-1755
The Polling,1754-1755
The triumph of Representatives,1754-1755
David Garrick and his Wife,1757
Self portrait,1757
The Bench,1758
The Bench,1758
Sigismonda,1758-1759
The Lady's Last Stake,1759
John Wilkes,1763
The Bruiser Charles Churchill, once the Reverend, in the Character of a Russian Hercules,1763
The Times, plate 2,1762-1763
A Harlot's Progress, plate 1
A Harlot's Progress, plate 2
A Harlot's Progress, plate 3
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