首先写一个简单的python脚本
import time
if __name__ == '__main__':
print("hello world")
time.sleep(10)
运行一下看看，如下：
下一步则是将其转为可执行文件。
安装PyInstaller
pip3 install pyinstaller
D:\pythonProject\build_excutable>pip3 install pyinstaller
Collecting pyinstaller
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/03/32/0e0de593f129bf1d1e77eed562496d154ef4460fd5cecfd78612ef39a0cc/PyInstaller-3.4.tar.gz (3.5MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.5MB 23kB/s
查看 pyinstaller --version 版本
D:\pythonProject\build_excutable>pyinstaller --version
3.4
使用PyInstaller
首先查看一下help
D:\pythonProject\build_excutable>pyinstaller --help
usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME]
[--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>]
[--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR]
[--hidden-import MODULENAME]
[--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH]
[--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES]
[--key KEY] [-d [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}]] [-s]
[--noupx] [-c] [-w]
[-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>]
[--version-file FILE] [-m <FILE or XML>] [-r RESOURCE]
[--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies]
[--win-no-prefer-redirects]
[--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER]
[--runtime-tmpdir PATH] [--bootloader-ignore-signals]
[--distpath DIR] [--workpath WORKPATH] [-y]
[--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a] [--clean] [--log-level LEVEL]
scriptname [scriptname ...]
positional arguments:
scriptname name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one
.spec-file. If a .spec-file is specified, most options
are unnecessary and are ignored.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --version Show program version info and exit.
--distpath DIR Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist)
--workpath WORKPATH Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz
and etc. (default: .\build)
-y, --noconfirm Replace output directory (default:
SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for
confirmation
--upx-dir UPX_DIR Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution
path)
-a, --ascii Do not include unicode encoding support (default:
included if available)
--clean Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files
before building.
--log-level LEVEL Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL
may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR,
CRITICAL (default: INFO).
What to generate:
-D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable
(default)
-F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable.
--specpath DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default:
current directory)
-n NAME, --name NAME Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file
(default: first script's basename)
What to bundle, where to search:
--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to
the executable. The path separator is platform
specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows
and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option
can be used multiple times.
--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
Additional binary files to be added to the executable.
See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This
option can be used multiple times.
-p DIR, --paths DIR A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH).
Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ';', or use
this option multiple times
--hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME
Name an import not visible in the code of the
script(s). This option can be used multiple times.
--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH
An additional path to search for hooks. This option
can be used multiple times.
--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS
Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is
code that is bundled with the executable and is
executed before any other code or module to set up
special features of the runtime environment. This
option can be used multiple times.
--exclude-module EXCLUDES
Optional module or package (the Python name, not the
path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not
found). This option can be used multiple times.
--key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.
How to generate:
-d [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}], --debug [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}]
Provide assistance with debugging a frozen
application, by specifying one or more of the
following choices.
- all: All three of the below options; this is the
default choice, unless one of the choices below is
specified.
- imports: specify the -v option to the underlying
Python interpreter, causing it to print a message
each time a module is initialized, showing the
place (filename or built-in module) from which it
is loaded. See
https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4.
- bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress
messages while initializing and starting the
bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with
missing imports.
- noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python
source files as an archive inside the resulting
executable, store them as files in the resulting
output directory.
-s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and
shared libs (not recommended for Windows)
--noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works
differently between Windows and *nix)
Windows and Mac OS X specific options:
-c, --console, --nowindowed
Open a console window for standard i/o (default)
-w, --windowed, --noconsole
Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window
for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers
building an OS X .app bundle. This option is ignored
in *NIX systems.
-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>
FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable.
FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe.
FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS
X
Windows specific options:
--version-file FILE add a version resource from FILE to the exe
-m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML>
add manifest FILE or XML to the exe
-r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE
Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The
RESOURCE is one to four items,
FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file
or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME
must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be
specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the
given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources
from FILE will be added/updated to the final
executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or
specified as wildcard *.This option can be used
multiple times.
--uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will
request elevation upon application restart.
--uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to
work with Remote Desktop.
Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced):
--win-private-assemblies
Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application
will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means
the exact versions of these assemblies will always be
used, and any newer versions installed on user
machines at the system level will be ignored.
--win-no-prefer-redirects
While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to
bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer
not to follow policies that redirect to newer
versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of
the assembly.
Mac OS X specific options:
--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER
Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default
unique program name for code signing purposes. The
usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS
notation. For example:
com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first
script's basename)
Rarely used special options:
--runtime-tmpdir PATH
Where to extract libraries and support files in
`onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the
bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location
defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder
will be created here. Please use this option only if
you know what you are doing.
--bootloader-ignore-signals
Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than
forwarding them to the child process. Useful in
situations where e.g. a supervisor process signals
both the bootloader and child (e.g. via a process
group) to avoid signalling the child twice.
D:\pythonProject\build_excutable>
最简单的用法，在和test.py同目录下执行命令：
pyinstaller test.py
然后会看到新增加了两个目录build和dist，dist下面的文件就是可以发布的可执行文件，对于上面的命令你会发现dist目录下面有一堆文件，各种都动态库文件和myscrip可执行文件。有时这样感觉比较麻烦，需要打包dist下面的所有东西才能发布，万一丢掉一个动态库就无法运行了，好在pyInstaller支持单文件模式，只需要执行：
pyinstaller -F test.py
D:\pythonProject\build_excutable>pyinstaller -F test.py
52 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.4
52 INFO: Python: 3.7.2
53 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.17134-SP0
55 INFO: wrote D:\pythonProject\build_excutable\test.spec
58 INFO: UPX is not available.
59 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['D:\\pythonProject\\build_excutable', 'D:\\pythonProject\\build_excutable']
59 INFO: checking Analysis
81 INFO: checking PYZ
94 INFO: checking PKG
95 INFO: Building because toc changed
95 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
1473 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.
1475 INFO: Bootloader d:\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\run.exe
1475 INFO: checking EXE
1476 INFO: Rebuilding EXE-00.toc because test.exe missing
1476 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
1477 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:\pythonProject\build_excutable\dist\test.exe
1484 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
D:\pythonProject\build_excutable>
你会发现dist下面只有一个可执行文件，这个单文件就可以发布了，可以运行在你正在使用的操作系统类似的系统的下面。
运行一下这个可执行文件看看，如下：
Pyinstalller的官网
关于pyinstaller还有很多用法，可以访问官网做更多的了解。
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